Study on the Introduction of Plants with Colored Foliage in Zhengzhou Area and Their Adaptability

[Objective] This study aimed to preliminarily select the plants with colored foliage adaptable to Zhengzhou area. [Method] An introduction trial on 42 varieties with colored foliage was conducted, in which major ornamental characteristics, phenological phases and stress resistance of all the introduced plants with colored foliage were observed and the introduced plants were comprehensively evaluated. [Result] Golden-and Compound-leaved Maple, Red-leaved Sakura, Pink-and Compound-leaved Maple, Amur Maple, Purple-leaved Canadian Redbud with good performance were selected preliminarily, which can be applied for landscape in Zhengzhou area. Among them, Golden- and Compound-leaved Maple, Golden- and Silvery-leaved Maple and Purple-leaved Smoketree can either be planted separately, or in a line as boulevard trees, or in groups as ornamental forest; Red-leaved Sakura, Pink- and Compound-leaved Maple and Purple-leaved Canadian Redbud can be planted in groups or separately in gardens, parks or alongside streets or in front of buildings; Amur Maple with high adaptability is a excellent tree species for afforesting barren mountain. [Conclusion] This study has not only provided new excellent germplasm sources for the landscaping in Zhengzhou area, thus favoring the improvement of local landscaping level, but also provides examples and references for the introduction of plants with colored foliage in the other areas.

Study on the Introduction Experiment of 10 Wheat Cultivars

The research selected wheat cultivars, such as Aikang No. 58, Wanmai No.52 as test materials in the same ecological conditions planting, to explore relevant characters in different growth stages in order to seek the wheat cultivar suitable for introduction. The results suggested that Zhengmai No. 366 and Zhengyumai No. 9987 in test points showed high adaptability, compact plant type, earlier maturity stage and higher yield, were suitable for introduction.

Approaches of Biological Invasion and Countermeasures in the Introduction of Landscape Plants

Bio-invasion types in the introduction of landscape plants were analyzed as well as invasion approaches and reasons,and corresponding measures were proposed to reduce bio-invasion.

Analysis on genetic diversity of mangrove species of Sonneratia and relationship to plant introduction

RAPD markers were used to assess the relationships among 6 species of Sonneratia in the National Mangrove Nature Reserve of Dongzhai Harbor in Hainan. By using the 15 effective 10 -oligonucleotide arbitrary primers, a total of 512 DNA bands were amplified, among which 297 (58.01%) were polymorphic. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis of 512 DNA bands amplified by the thirty primers, a DNA molecular dendrogram was established, which divided 6 species of Sonneratia into three main groups. Group A included 4 species: Sonneratia apetala , S. hainanensis, S. abla, S. ovata, and Group B: S. paracaseolaris and Group C: S. caseolaris only contained one species respectively. Group A could be divided into two subgroups, A1; Sonneratia apetala , S. hainanensis, S. covata and A2: S. abla; Two populations of Sonneratia apetala, which were from Hainan and Fujian (introduced from Hainan) respectively, were compared by RAPDs. The phenotypic frequencies detected by the 15 primers were calculated and used to estimate diversity (H) within sub-populations. Fujian sub-population exhibited 0.669 and Hainan exhibited 0.671 variability. Shannon's index of phenotypic diversity was then used to partition the diversity within and between sub-populations components. An assessment of the proportion of diversity present within sub-populations, Hpop/Hsp = 0.933, compared with that between sub-populations, (Hsp- Hpop) /Hsp = 0.067, indicates that, on average, most of the diversity (93.3%) is detected within sub-populations; while only 6.7% between populations. The plant introduction of S. hainanensis and S. ovata, which have the nearer genetic distance with Sonneratia apetala , is also discussed.

Make Greater Contributions to Development of Our National Electric Power Industry -Introduction to Shanghai Relay plant

Shanghai Relay Plant (SRP) was founded in 1959. With continuous development in nearly 40 years, SRP has become one of the biggest specialized manufacturers of protective relaying and distribution automation equipment for power system in China and a key enterprise of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. SRP was evaluated a State Second-Grade Enterprise in 1988 and awarded

Introduction of Woody Landscape Plants in Linzhi City of Tibet

To figure out current landscaping of Linzhi City, analyze the basic situation of local landscaping quantitatively, and solve related problems in landscaping, this paper applied the 'five-point sampling method' for the layered survey of landscape plant communities, investigated landscape plant species and their application in different regions of Tibet, particularly current landscaping, features and problems of Linzhi City, and put forward corresponding measures. The investigation covered 321 species(cultivars) of 196 genera, 87 families. The results showed that(1) Salix alba, Ligustrum × vicaryi, Poa pratensis had the highest importance value in the tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer, respectively, and the importance value was 68.620, 24.139 and 35.747, respectively.(2) Among all landscape plants in Linzhi City, the most applied families were Rosaceae(48), Salicaceae(21), Asteraceae(20), Leguminosae(20), Gramineae(19), Pinaceae(16), Cupressaceae(13) and Oleaceae(12), accounting for 14.95%, 6.54%, 6.23%, 6.23%, 5.92%, 4.98%, 4.05% and 3.73% of the total investigated species.(3) Natural environment of the plateau was the most influential restraint for local landscaping, and the application of landscape plants varied greatly among regions.(4) The local area was endowed with rich landscape plant resources, but these resources were not ful y developed.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND DESIGN ON HEAT TRANSFER OF EVAPORATOR USED IN THE LARGE QUICK FREEZE PLANT

The evaporator is the main part of a quick-freeze equipment. There are many factors influencing the heat transfer coefficient of an evaporator. The most important factors among them are the fin shape, tube diameter, distance of fin space, frost, and velocity of air flow etc. They mainly influence the thermal efficiency of an evaporator, and therefore its thermal efficiency has direct relationship with the whole efficiency of the quick freeze plant. Evaporators with different structural types have different heat transfer efficiency, in order to obtain high efficiency structure of evaporator, 8 evaporator models with different fin shape, tube diameter and tube arrangement are analyzed and compared. The calculation results show that the integral waved fins, equilateral-triangle arranged small diameter tubes and varying fin-spacing has the highest heat transfer coefficient. The experimental result also shows that the evaporator with this type of structure has better thermal efficiency. The experimental result is in good agreement with the calculation result, it can instruct engineering design for usual designer. A real quick-freeze equipment is designed and put into production. The result shows that, compared with traditional domestic quick-freeze equipments, this equipment decreases by 40% in size and by 20% in energy consumption.

Clonal Transgenerational Effects Transmit for Multiple Generations in a Floating Plant

Environmental conditions of a parent plant can influence the performance of their clonal offspring,and such clonal transgenerational effects may help offspring adapt to different environments.However,it is still unclear how many vegetative generations clonal transgenerational effects can transmit for and whether it depends on the environmental conditions of the offspring.We grew the ancestor ramets of the floating clonal plant Spirodela polyrhiza under a high and a low nutrient level and obtained the so-called 1^(st)-generation offspring ramets of two types(from these two environments).Then we grew the 1^(st)-generation offspring ramets of each type under the high and the low nutrient level and obtained the so-called 2^(nd)-generation offspring ramets of four types.We repeated this procedure for another five times and analyzed clonal transgenerational effects on growth,morphology and biomass allocation of the 1^(st)-to the 6^(th)-generation offspring ramets.We found positive,negative or neutral(no)transgenerational effects of the ancestor nutrient condition on the offspring of S.polyrhiza,depending on the number of vegetative generations,the nutrient condition of the offspring environment and the traits considered.We observed significant clonal transgenerational effects on the 6^(th)-generation offspring;such effects occurred for all three types of traits(growth,morphology and allocation),but varied depending on the nutrient condition of the offspring environment and the traits considered.Our results suggest that clonal transgenerational effects can transmit for multiple vegetative generations and such impacts can vary depending on the environmental conditions of offspring.

Species and Distribution Characteristics of Alien Invasive Plants in Garden Greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the garden greenbelt in 30 sample plots such as parks,roads,communities,etc.in Shijiazhuang City.[Methods]The species,abundance and frequency of weeds in the greenbelt of public gardens were recorded through point-line-surface investigation,and typical plants were sampled.[Results]There were 56 species of alien invasive plants in garden greenbelts of Shijiazhuang City,belonging to 44 genera and 20 families.In terms of life form,herbaceous plants were absolutely dominant,accounting for 92.8%of the total.The most alien invasive plants were native to America,accounting for 66.1%of the total.In terms of introduction path,the plants introduced artificially and unintentionally accounted for almost half.The species and quantity of alien invasive plants were related to the size of greenbelt area,the length of the build time of the surveyed plot,the composition structure of greenbelt and the level of green management and protection.There was larger distribution of alien invasive plants in the sample plots with large greenbelt area,long build time,herbaceous-dominated greenbelt and low level of green management and protection.Among the 56 alien invasive plants,3 plants were toxic.From the perspective of invasiveness,the alien invasive plants in the garden greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City could be divided into 5 levels:invasive alien species of malignant consequences,invasive alien species of severe consequences,invasive alien species of partial consequences,invasive alien species of average consequences,and invasive alien species to be observed.[Conclusions]This study will provide a reference for the prevention and control of alien plant invasion,and lay a foundation for the prevention and control of existing invasive plants.

The Experimental Investigation of Recirculation of Air-Cooled System for a Large Power Plant

The paper introduces thermal buoyancy effects to experimental investigation of wind tunnel simulation on direct air-cooled condenser for a large power plant. In order to get thermal flow field of air-cooled tower, PIV experiments are carried out and recirculation ratio of each condition is calculated. Results show that the thermal flow field of the cooling tower has great influence on the recirculation under the cooling tower. Ameliorating the thermal flow field of the cooling tower can reduce the recirculation under the cooling tower and improve the efficiency of air-cooled condenser also.

甘肃民勤沙生植物园荒漠植物引种驯化研究综述

据统计我国荒漠维管束植物有82科484属1704种,不仅在防风固沙、改善生态环境方面发挥着重要作用,而且为人类提供重要生活资料,是维系生态平衡、经济和社会可持续发展的宝贵种质资源。以我国第一座荒漠植物园—民勤沙生植物园为案例,对荒漠植物引种驯化工作进行了回顾总结,同时指出未来发展的方向。民勤沙生植物园先后引进各类植物680余种,成功筛选出梭梭、拧条锦鸡儿、细枝羊柴等10余种优良防风固沙造林树种。通过开展蒙古韭、沙蓬、斧翅沙芥、锁阳、肉苁蓉等沙漠经济植物种的驯化栽培与示范推广,丰富了农村产业结构,辐射带动了区域经济发展。未来荒漠区植物引种驯化应面向和美乡村建设与产业发展需求,充分利用甘肃省民勤治沙站荒漠植物国家林木种质资源库平台,强抓国家植物园建设机遇,重视对野生荒漠草本植物种质资源的引种驯化,加强荒漠区林草新品种培育,以期为我国西北风沙区乡村振兴提供技术支撑。

电厂锅炉实验虚拟仿真系统建设与应用

为开展能动专业核心课程“锅炉原理”的实验教学,校企合作开发了电厂锅炉实验虚拟仿真系统。基于两相流动与辐射对流传热原理构建的仿真系统,由风烟和汽水两大模型构成,严格遵守质量、能量、动量守恒方程。变负荷虚拟实验显示,随锅炉负荷增加,热效率降低、燃料耗量增加。根据辐射传热原理,结合火焰平均温度计算发现:只有炉膛出口烟温增加,才能保证炉膛传热负荷增加,继而抬升排烟温度,导致排烟热损失变大、锅炉热效率降低。锅炉原理实验虚拟仿真,可训练学生运用锅炉本体热力计算原理分析问题的思维,是落实创新能力培养的重要举措。

钢-植物纤维混掺增强混凝土力学性能研究

在混凝土中加入外掺纤维材料可以有效改善混凝土的力学性能,几种外掺纤维通过一定的比例混掺增强混凝土的力学性能相比单一纤维单掺入有更好的增强效果。植物纤维广泛存在于自然界,且有产量大、易获取、环保且可再生等优点。选取竹纤维、剑麻和黄麻3种植物纤维与钢纤维混掺,通过试验分析钢-植物纤维混掺对混凝土劈裂抗拉、抗剪以及抗冲击性能的增强效果,并与单掺钢纤维进行对比分析,验证了钢-植物纤维增强混凝土力学性能的可靠性。同时通过对3种植物纤维与钢纤维混掺的掺入量和配合比进行影响分析,提出了钢-植物纤维混掺增强混凝土的优化方案,并提出响应掺入量、配合比的建议值,为试验研究和工程应用提供借鉴和参考。

植物种质资源引进风险分析方法概述

种质资源作为生物资源的重要组成部分,是培育作物优质、高产、抗病(虫)、抗逆新品种的物质基础。近年来,为满足我国种业飞速发展的需要,我国不断从国外引入大量的种质资源,种质资源相比其他植物产品携带有害生物的风险更高。种质资源引进过程中不可避免地携带有害生物,可能会带来严重危害。目前,美国、澳大利亚等国家已制定了关于种质资源的风险分析方法,但我国缺少针对种质资源有害生物统一的风险分析方法。本文分析了国际植物检疫措施标准、主要的贸易国家及我国有害生物风险分析标准方法的主要内容,针对引进种质资源过程中亟需解决的有害生物风险分析问题开展讨论,并对种质资源有害生物风险分析系统其未来展开工作提出以下建议:设置符合种质资源风险分析特性的指标;采用半定量风险评估方法对种质资源进行风险分析;根据不断的学习和实际工作的需要,对风险评估指标体系进行验证和适当修改。

核电站堆腔混凝土辐照试验研究

作为核电站关键材料的堆腔混凝土,其安全服役是核电站长期稳定安全运行的前提条件之一。为了进行堆腔混凝土的中子辐照损伤机理研究,获得堆腔混凝土在中子辐照环境下的试验数据,本文建立了堆腔混凝土辐照试验方法,研制了辐照试验装置,并在研究堆中对其进行了加速辐照试验。结果表明:辐照试验装置设计合理,辐照试验指标满足试验要求,实现了两种规格多个混凝土试样的中子辐照。进一步的混凝土试样辐照性能研究结果表明:混凝土试样在平均快中子注量3.41×10^(18) cm^(−2)下辐照后,与辐照前相比,其外部形状未见明显差异,但试样颜色变化较大,并且出现一定的辐照肿胀和力学性能退化现象。

阜阳地区6种杂薰衣草的引种栽培

为探讨杂薰衣草在阜阳地区的生态适应性与应用潜质,以6种杂薰衣草引种品种为研究对象,在栽植第3年对株高、冠幅、花枝数等生长指标,叶色、花色、花期等观赏指标,精油含量、成分、产量等经济指标进行调查分析。结果显示,在阜阳地区各品种均能正常生长,其中‘Mentha’株高最高,达81.30 cm;‘Sumian’冠幅最大,达114.25 cm;‘Nizza’花量最大,干重达252.63 g/株;‘Arabian Nights’花萼、花冠颜色深,花期最早,观赏期最长。经济指标检测显示,‘Arabian Nights’精油提取率最高,达5.34%;‘Nizza’精油产量最高,达9.22 g/株。气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析显示,‘Nizza’精油成分中芳樟醇、乙酸芳樟酯含量较高,品质显著优于其他品种。综上,在阜阳地区,‘Arabian Nights’最适宜用于观赏栽培,‘Nizza’最适宜用于精油提取栽培。

“园艺植物保护学实验”课程教学改革探索

“园艺植物保护学实验”是内蒙古大学生命科学学院生物技术与现代农学系园艺专业的一门专业核心课程,它是园艺植物保护学理论课的配套课程。近三年来,该门课程进行了教学改革,并取得了一定实效。改革的主要措施是从实验内容优化设置、实验教学组织形式创新、课前材料准备、课后拓展延伸、标本更新完善和多元化的成绩评定考核方面进行了一系列改革探索,初步形成了一套适合园艺本科生的植物保护学实验实践类课程的运行模式,对提高学生学习兴趣、增强动手操作能力、培养锻炼综合能力与素养起到了很好的促进作用,值得进一步推广实施。

‘维纳斯黄金’苹果在辽宁省的引种试栽表现

在辽宁省绥中县、庄河市和辽宁省果树科学研究所选择3个果园试栽‘维纳斯黄金’苹果,果实10月上旬成熟。均在定植后第4年进入盛果期,每666.7 m2产量1270~1688 kg。该品种高桩,果肉淡黄色,香气浓郁。2023年10月测定,3个果园的平均单果重246.6~292.4 g,果型指数0.92~0.93,果实硬度7.98~8.23 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量15.4%~17.6%。表现出优质、高产、抗逆性强等优异性状,值得推广。

昆明地区22种苦苣苔科植物引种综合评价

【目的】筛选在昆明地区适应性强、观赏价值高的苦苣苔科植物,为苦苣苔科植物开发、推广及新品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】基于保存率、长势、病虫害等7个指标对贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔、长茎芒毛苣苔等22种苦苣苔科植物进行生长状况评价,并运用层次分析法(AHP)对22种苦苣苔科植物的花色、叶长、株型等17个指标进行观赏性状评价。【结果】生长状况评价方面,所有种类均能正常越冬并开花,其生长状况可被划分为5个等级,其中,生长优良(Ⅰ)、生长良好(Ⅱ)、生长一般(Ⅲ)和生长不良(Ⅳ)的种分别占总数的18.18%、27.27%、13.64%和40.91%,无全部死亡(Ⅴ)的种。观赏性状评价方面,在17个指标中花色、群体花期和花茎轴长占重要因素,花序繁密度、花筒长度、叶面斑纹、生长状况和株型因素次之。根据每个物种的综合评价分值,将22个苦苣苔科植物划分为3个等级:一级总分≥3.0,观赏性最强,包括贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔等6个种;二级总分2.5~3.0,包括长柱报春苣苔、焰苞报春苣苔等12个种;三级总分≤2.5,包括冬花报春苣苔、龙氏报春苣苔等4个种。【结论】贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔、长茎芒毛苣苔、烟叶报春苣苔、圆叶汉克苣苔和斑叶汉克苣苔6个一级种适宜在昆明地区引种应用;长柱报春苣苔、焰苞报春苣苔、齿叶吊石苣苔、柳江报春苣苔、爱子报春苣苔、川鄂粗筒苣苔等、黄花牛耳朵、河池报春苣苔和革叶光叶苣苔12个二级种要按实际需求选择性引种;冬花报春苣苔、龙氏报春苣苔、单座苣苔和紫花苣苔4个三级种不适合在昆明地区引种栽培。