Ecological impact assessment method of highways in Tibetan Plateau:A Case study of Gonghe-Yushu Expressway

In recent years,the ecological environment along highways in Tibetan Plateau has been severely affected due to the rapid construction of highways.In order to solve the problems of multiple indicators and inconsistent criteria in the ecological impact assessment of highways,and to scientifically screen assessment indicators,the paper proposes a multi-round indicator screening method,which combines literature analysis,expert rating,and statistical analysis.Based on this screening method,normalized difference vegetation index,land surface temperature,elevation,and normalized difference soil index are screened out.Combined with multiple linear regression,an ecological impact assessment model is established and applied to ecological impact assessment of Gonghe-Yushu Expressway.The results show that the expressway construction is the first driving force for the deterioration of the ecological environment along the roadside,and its interference range on the desert grassland ecosystem is greater than that on the agroforestry system.The ecological environment within 150 m on both sides of the expressway should be protected.

Life cycle environmental impact assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and utilization in Northwestern Ontario,Canada

Biochar-based bioenergy production and sub- sequent land application of biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fixing atmospheric carbon into the soil for a long period of time. A thorough life cycle assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and biochar land application in Northwestern Ontario is conducted using SimaPro Ver. 8.1. The results of energy consumption and potential environmental impact of biochar-based bioenergy production system are compared with those of conventional coal-based system. Results show that biocbar land application consumes 4847.61 MJ per tonne dry feedstock more energy than conventional system, but reduces the GHG emissions by 68.19 kg CO2e per tonne of dry feed- stock in its life cycle. Biochar land application improves ecosystem quality by 18 %, reduces climate change by 15 %, and resource use by 13 % but may adversely impact on human health by increasing disability adjusted life years by 1.7 % if biomass availability is low to medium. Replacing fossil fuel with woody biomass has a positiveimpact on the environment, as one tonne of dry biomass feedstock when converted to biochar reduces up to 38 kg CO2e with biochar land application despite using more energy. These results will help understand a comprehensive picture of the new interventions in forestry businesses, which are promoting biochar-based bioenergy production.

Life cycle inventory analysis of CO_2 and SO_2 emission of imperial smelting process for Pb-Zn smelter

Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and substitution method, the environmental impacts of co-products were allocated among the main products of zinc, lead and sulfuric acid. The related impacts were assessed by use of Global Warming Potential （GWP） and Acidification Potential （ACP）. The results show that the GWP index from 1998 to 2000 is 11.53, 11.65, 10.93 tCO2-eq/tZn respectively, the ACP index decreases from 14.88 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 1998 to 10.99 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 2000. Power and electricity generation, followed by smelting and zinc distillation, are mainly responsible for GWP. Sintering individually affects ACP. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the ISP may come from energy conservation measures rather than from technological developments. And recycling more secondary Pb and Zn materials effectively treated by ISP, and reducing the amount of primary metal are the main ways to put SO2 emission under control.

Environmental Analysis of Packaging for Soft Drinks Using the Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

The knowledge of a product＇s life cycle is the first step on the search of sustainable development. The life cycle assessment （LCA） is an important method because it allows an environment accounting, where the extraction of natural resources and energy of the nature are considered and the ＂returns＂ to the same one and allows in evaluating relative potential the environment impacts generated. The present work had as objective to make an analysis of material and energy flows of the life cycle of three types of packaging for soft drinks： glass bottles of 390 mL, aluminum cans of 350 mL, and bottles of PET of 2,000 mL. The study considered processes since the extraction of raw materials for production of the packaging until the stages of recycling, after the consumption of the soft drink. For the research, an inventory analysis followed the LCA methodology. The main critical points of generation of negative environmental impact during the life cycle of each packaging had been the identified and quantified data in this study. The consumption of natural resources like water and other raw materials and energy, the generation of atmospheric emissions, solid wastes and wastewaters had been the analyzed categories. The results showed that, in accordance with the scenes and defined variables, the most important conclusion was that the bottle of glass presented a less favorable scene to the environment in comparison with other packaging.

Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Intelligent Transport Systems

A general review of the socio-economic impact of the intelligent transport system （ITS） is presented with a case study to demonstrate the data envelopment analysis method. Cost-benefit analyses are still the dominant method for evaluating ITS and other transport engineering projects, while cost effective analyses and multi-criteria appraisals are widely used to define and prioritize objectives by providing useful information for the most promising policy decisions. Both cost-benefit analyses and a data envelopment analysis method are applied to analyze the socio-economic impact of convoy driving systems. The main findings are that a convoy provides a worthwhile benefit-cost ratio when more than 30% of the traffics in the convoys and the traffic load exceeds 5500 vehicles/h for a three-lane motorway. The results also show that for a fixed percentage of convoys, increased demand will increase the data envelopment analysis method relative efficiency and that the neglect of certain output indicators of an ITS may result in underestimation of the system effects.

水力发电生命周期评价及碳足迹区域化分析

基于生命周期评价方法,对我国典型水电站水力发电生命周期碳足迹及其他环境影响进行了评估,并分析讨论了不同区域水力发电碳足迹的差异性及原因。结果显示,三峡水电站单位水电碳足迹(以CO_(2)当量计)为12.7 g/(kW·h),主要来源于运行阶段,造成其他环境影响的主要阶段为土建工程阶段,其次为机电设备制造阶段;我国不同省级行政区单位水电碳足迹差距较大,与全国平均值相差±20%以上的省级行政区有24个;各省级行政区运行阶段碳足迹占比为47.94%~96.82%,占比超过80%的省级行政区有19个。研究结果可以为我国及省级发电清单编制与电网结构调整提供数据支撑。

Techno-economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India

This paper presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India.The technical comparison reveals that sodium-ion(Na-ion)and lithium-ion(Li-ion)batteries outperform lead-acid batteries in various parameters,with Na-ion and Li-ion batteries exhibiting higher energy densities,higher power densities,longer cycle lives,faster charge rates,better compactness,lighter weight and lower self-discharge rates.In economic comparison,Na-ion batteries were found to be~12-14%more expensive than Li-ion batteries.However,the longer lifespans and higher energy densities of Na-ion and Li-ion batteries can offset their higher costs through improved performance and long-term savings.Lead-acid batteries have the highest environmental impact,while Li-ion batteries demonstrate better environmental performance and potential for recycling.Na-ion batteries offer promising environmental advantages with their abundance,lower cost and lower toxic and hazardous material content.Efficient recycling processes can further enhance the environmental benefits of Na-ion batteries.Overall,this research examines the potential of Na-ion batteries as a cheaper alternative to Li-ion batteries,considering India’s abundant sodium resources in regions such as Rajasthan,Chhattisgarh,Jharkhand and others.

面向PyPI生态系统的漏洞影响范围细粒度评估方法

Python语言的开放性和易用性使其成为最常用的编程语言之一.其形成的PyPI生态系统在为开发者提供便利的同时,也成为攻击者进行漏洞攻击的重要目标.在发现Python漏洞之后,如何准确、全面地评估漏洞影响范围是应对Python漏洞的关键.然而当前的Python漏洞影响范围评估方法主要依靠包粒度的依赖关系分析,会产生大量误报;现有的函数粒度的Python程序分析方法由于上下文不敏感等导致存在准确性问题,应用于实际的漏洞影响范围评估也会产生误报.提出一种基于静态分析的面向PyPI生态系统的漏洞影响范围评估方法PyVul++.首先构建PyPI生态系统的索引,然后通过漏洞函数识别发现受漏洞影响的候选包,进一步通过漏洞触发条件验证漏洞包,实现函数粒度的漏洞影响范围评估.PyVul++改进了Python代码函数粒度的调用分析能力,在基于PyCG的测试集上的分析结果优于其他工具(精确率86.71%,召回率83.20%).通过PyVul++对10个Python CVE漏洞进行PyPI生态系统(385855个包)影响范围评估,相比于pip-audit等工具发现了更多漏洞包且降低了误报.此外,在10个Python CVE漏洞影响范围评估实验中,PyVul++新发现了目前PyPI生态系统中仍有11个包存在引用未修复的漏洞函数的安全问题.

我国中老年人助听器康复干预的经济学评价研究

目的:对助听器康复干预进行成本效果分析,并考虑将助听器纳入医疗保险后对医保预算的影响。方法:利用在山东省临沂市开展的助听器康复干预的随机对照试验,通过双重差分法进行增量成本效果分析,以年人均国内生产总值作为是否具有成本效果的阈值;其次进行预算影响分析,测算在不同助听器报销比例下的医保预算费用变动。结果:假设每副助听器的购买费用为10,000元,助听器的平均使用年限为n年,若n>2.20,则干预非常具有成本效果;若1.88<n<2.20,则干预增加的成本效果可以接受;若n<1.88,则干预措施不具有成本效果。若将助听器购买费用纳入医疗保险系统,最多约需3.25年医保预算即可持平。结论:助听器干预是一种具有成本效果的听力康复手段,且若将其纳入医保报销,长期来看可节约医保预算。因此,本研究建议完善与听力障碍康复相关的保障政策,如鼓励助听器技术的研发和创新、推动将助听器纳入医保报销等,从而促进听力治疗和康复干预。

基于SPA-VFS的水库移民后期扶持效果评价研究

进行水库移民后期扶持效果评价有利于全面了解政策实施情况,及时发现问题并提出纠正对策。针对目前大多数后期扶持效果评价方法存在的主观性较强、可能导致评价结果失真等问题,提出了一种基于集对分析-可变模糊集的水库移民后期扶持效果评价方法。首先,参考文献和专家意见构建了水库移民后期效果的评价指标体系;其次,使用数据场势能函数计算初始聚类中心,再利用K-means聚类法进行指标分级;然后,采用熵权法确定指标权重,将集对分析和可变模糊集进行耦合提出了水库移民后期扶持效果的评价方法;最后,使用提出的评价方法对广东省大中型水库移民后期扶持政策实施情况进行了实例分析。结果表明,该方法能客观地反映当地移民后期扶持的效果,评价结果较为合理、可信。研究结果可为政府相关部门及实施机构的科学决策提供参考。

基于多因素耦合量化表征模型的冲击危险区域划分

针对现有冲击危险评价方法不能准确体现冲击危险因素影响下应力集中变化特征等问题,提出了基于多因素耦合量化表征模型的冲击危险区域划分方法。首先,根据地下煤层的地质条件、巷道分布、开采范围等实际情况,分析得出主要的冲击影响因素;其次,分别参考多因素叠加法和应力分析法,确定各类冲击影响因素的影响范围及相对应力集中系数;然后,基于煤岩体内部微元强度分布函数,构建冲击危险多因素耦合量化表征模型;最后,将冲击影响因素的影响范围及相对应力集中系数代入量化表征模型,得到煤层应力分布结果,根据应力分布结果进行冲击危险等级划分,得到冲击危险区域分布情况。以山东新巨龙能源有限责任公司3煤层为例,通过分析叠加断层、大巷和采空区等主要冲击危险因素引起的应力集中,制定合理的冲击危险等级划分标准,得到了3煤层冲击危险区域划分结果,并进行了现场验证。由评价工作完成前后发生的矿震事件可知,冲击震源主要集中在强冲击危险区域,这与区域划分结果较为吻合,从而验证了该方法能够有效地定量划分煤层冲击危险区域。

基于学情分析的高职环境影响评价课程设计

“环境影响评价”是高职院校环境管理与评价专业的核心专业课程,以学科交叉的综合性、应用导向的实践性和与时俱进的实效性为课程的突出特点。大量实践表明,学情分析是开展因材施教、分层教学的重要基础,本研究通过学情分析提出“优化教学重点、重构课程体系”的教学思路、“以学生‘学’为主,以教师‘导’为辅”的教学路径、“以贵州磷化工环评典型案例贯穿教学全过程”的课程设计思路。本研究旨在为高职院校环境管理与评价专业“环境影响评价”课程今后的教学研究提供一定的科学参考。

城市生物多样性评价研究综述

生物多样性对人类福祉和地球健康以及社会的经济繁荣至关重要。城市生物多样性作为其特殊组成部分,受城镇化等因素影响,生物多样性面临丧失的严峻挑战。城市生物多样性评价是保护工作的基础。然而,当前尚未开展科学、系统、全面的城市生物多样性评价研究。因此,本研究从现状评价、影响分析、情景分析3方面综述了城市生物多样性评价研究进展,阐述了各部分的评价方法和评价成果,剖析了城市生物多样性评价的特殊性和关注点。未来应加快构建科学、系统、完善、规范的城市生物多样性评价框架,积极开展城市生物多样性评价研究;开展城市生物多样性长期观测,为各项评价提供数据支撑;加强城市生物多样性评价结果的应用,为生物多样性的保护与管理提供科技支撑。

对《重点管理外来入侵物种名录》中植物物种的解析与思考

《重点管理外来入侵物种名录》(简称《重点名录2023》)于2023年1月1日起正式施行,该名录对我国外来入侵物种防控管理具有重要的指导作用。本文梳理了我国外来入侵物种名录修订背景及概况,比较了《重点名录2023》和其他名录中外来入侵植物物种的差异,并分析了《重点名录2023》中33种外来入侵植物的危害性和扩散程度。《重点名录2023》与4批“中国外来入侵物种名单”和《国家重点管理外来入侵物种名录(第一批)》中的植物物种重合度较高。33种外来入侵植物对我国生态、农业、林业、人畜健康均有严重危害,且扩散范围广,但仍有值得商榷的问题。本文详述了《重点名录2023》在分类争议和前期评估上存在的问题和缺口,并对我国外来入侵植物物种名录的动态调整和分类管理提出了思考和建议。

石化码头项目环境影响评价工程分析要点

石化码头项目环境影响评价的基础和关键为工程分析章节,直接影响后续环境影响预测与评价的内容和结论。按照水运工程、海洋工程、石化行业等相关标准和规范,结合石化码头项目施工期和运营期工程特点,通过某新建海港石化码头项目环评报告书工程分析的相关内容剖析,寻找其中可切入的同行业共同点,从而阐明石化码头项目环评报告书工程分析的关注点及评价要点。

大麦秸水库生态影响评价方法在环评教学中的应用

基于《环境影响评价》课程的综合性及实践性特点,案例教学的开展有助于学生对课程的掌握与运用。基于生态文明思想的指导性地位,生态影响评价成为了该课程的主要任务。以大麦秸水库建设项目为例,通过生态环境状况指数法来科学评价该水库对生态环境的影响程度,结果表明水库运行前后评价范围内的生态环境状况指数分别为89.709和89.718,均符合生态环境状况分级的优级EI>75的要求,属于优级。针对水库建设及运行过程中可能对生态环境造成的影响,提出有效的减缓措施,从而达到保护生态环境的目的。

项目管理中风险评估对工程造价的影响

在工程项目管理中,风险评估扮演着举足轻重的角色,是一个至关重要的环节。它作为结构化的过程,不仅直接关系到项目的顺利进行,更是影响工程造价的关键因素。通过深入剖析项目风险,在识别、分析以及评估三个阶段,我们可以更准确地预测和评估其对工程造价的潜在影响。为预防潜在风险,提高决策质量,保护项目利益,降低工程造价风险,提高项目效益,我们需要制定有效的应对策略,包括但不限于建立完善的风险评估体系、加强风险沟通与协作、针对风险制定相应的应对措施、优化项目管理流程、加强风险预警机制、提升团队风险应对能力等。通过这些措施,我们旨在确保项目在可控的范围内顺利推进,从而实现工程造价的最优化,提高项目的整体效益和竞争力。

工程建设中环境影响评价的重要作用分析

随着社会经济的飞速发展,人们愈发重视可持续发展理念的贯彻,也更加关注人与自然的和谐发展。在环境工程领域,环境影响评价能够基于工程主体,结合实际情况发挥监督和管理作用,从而改进工程建设中隐藏的问题,并制定有针对性的解决办法,从而进一步提高工程建设的整体水平。基于此,本文着重研究工程建设中环境影响评价的重要作用,并对其应用措施进行阐述,提出应用策略,以期为业内同仁提供参考。

区域交通评估中的交通设施用地匹配关系研究

交通设施用地的匹配关系是区域交通评估工作的重要组成部分.以城市道路用地、地面公共交通场站及社会停车场3类交通设施用地为例,探讨了各类交通设施用地的核心要求与匹配关系.结果表明,在区域交通评估工作中,对城市道路用地的核心要求为空间布局和路网密度,地面公共交通场站及社会停车场用地的核心要求为空间布局和用地面积,通过实际案例对交通设施用地匹配可能存在的典型问题提出了改善建议.

环境影响评价流程中的数据分析与决策优化探讨

环境影响评价流程是环境管理中的关键环节,其决策质量直接关系到项目对环境的长远影响。文章深入探讨了环境影响评价中数据分析的现状,归纳了在数据处理和决策制定环节中存在的不足,并分析了其对评价结果的影响。文章评估了现行数据分析方法的效能,指出了在提升数据质量、分析深度和决策透明度等方面存在的问题。针对这些问题,提出了一系列基于数据科学的优化策略,并构建了一个决策支持框架,旨在通过精确的数据处理和科学的决策方法,提高环境影响评价的质量和效率。