Assessment of the trauma degree and bone metabolism after external fixation combined with vacuum sealing drainage treatment of open tibiofibula fracture

Objective: To evaluate the effect of external fixation combined with vacuum sealing drainage on the trauma degree and bone metabolism in patients with open tibiofibula fracture. Methods:A total of 116 patients with open tibiofibula fracture who received surgical treatment in Luzhou People's Hospital between February 2015 and January 2017 were divided into control group (n=58) and study group (n=58) by random number table. Control group received debridement + external fixation, and study group received debridement + external fixation +vacuum sealing drainage. The differences in the levels of trauma indexes and bone metabolism indexes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of trauma indexes and bone metabolism indexes between the two groups. 1 week after surgery, serum acute phase protein Tf level of study group was higher than that of control group whereas CER, Hp and CRP levels were lower than those of control group;stress indexes NE and Cor levels were lower than those of control group;bone metabolism indexes P1NP, BGP and BALP levels were higher than those of control group whereas β-CTX level was lower than that of control group. Conclusion: External fixation combined with vacuum sealing drainage can effectively reduce fracture trauma and promote fracture end healing in patients with open tibiofibula fracture.

Oil Spill Management in Nigeria: SWOT Analysis of the Joint Investigation Visit (JIV) Process

The Joint Investigation Visit (JIV) process of the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) have been analysed using the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) methodology. The oil spill Joint Investigation Visit (JIV) is empowered by the Oil Spill Recovery, Clean-up, Remediation and Damage Assessment Reulations, 2011 Section 5. The strength of the JIV process lies within its participatory nature and the well defined legal structure of the process. The oil spill Joint Investigation Visit process in Nigeria has several weaknesses—lack of independence and oversight, lack of technical competence on the part of regulatory bodies, lack of technical competence on the part of community representative, lack of transparency on the part of oil companies, lack of general procedure for determining the actual cause of spill, lack of general procedure for determining the actual volume of oil spilled, determination on the size of the impacted area and exclusion of women from the JIV Process. The JIV process for oil spill presents a number of opportunities such as;increasing community awareness, growing consciousness through Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and capacity building of stakeholders. Possible threats to the JIV process include;poor governance and corruption, manipulation of the Process by the spiller through the start date of an oilspill and obvious lack of transparency. Improved effectiveness of the JIV process will depend on strengthening of government agency coordination, integrated decision-making adequate training to various stakeholders and supporting infrastructure for purposeful monitoring and enforcement.

Analysis of Epidemiological Investigations and Responses to Human Rabies Deaths in Côte d’Ivoire, 2021

Rabies is an infectious disease that almost always leads to death as soon as the first signs appear, and is still endemic in several regions, including Côte d’Ivoire. Epidemiological investigations are carried out and response measures implemented in the event of any death from human rabies. However, the quality of these investigations does not always allow the adoption of response measures. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reports of epidemiological investigations and response actions carried out during the occurrence of human rabies deaths from 2016 to 2018. This was a cross-sectional study that took place from April to September 2021 at the National Institute of Public Hygiene and focused on human rabies deaths notified from 206 to 2018. Of sixty-one (61) human rabies deaths recorded, sixty (60) were investigated, among which fifty-nine (59) deaths had been subject to response. Most deaths occurred in rural areas (75%), and the main vector was the dog (98%). Several shortcomings were noted: response actions were not carried out promptly;joint interventions bringing together human and animal health professionals were rare, there was little communication about rabies to communities (36%), and very little vaccination of the vector, the source of the disease (12%);an almost total absence of capacity-building for local players (7%);the health districts of Abobo-Ouest, Bondoukou, Divo and Fresco, which had regularly recorded human rabies deaths, had not benefited from dog vaccination, which is supposed to break the circulation of the virus. The persistence of rabies deaths in the health districts could probably be linked to these shortcomings. Faced with these realities, it is essential to strengthen the epidemiological investigation capacities of the players involved, in order to improve the quality of investigations and ensure an effective response.

Analysis of Epidemiological Investigations and Responses to Human Rabies Deaths in Côte d’Ivoire, 2021

Rabies is an infectious disease that almost always leads to death as soon as the first signs appear, and is still endemic in several regions, including Côte d’Ivoire. Epidemiological investigations are carried out and response measures implemented in the event of any death from human rabies. However, the quality of these investigations does not always allow the adoption of response measures. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reports of epidemiological investigations and response actions carried out during the occurrence of human rabies deaths from 2016 to 2018. This was a cross-sectional study that took place from April to September 2021 at the National Institute of Public Hygiene and focused on human rabies deaths notified from 206 to 2018. Of sixty-one (61) human rabies deaths recorded, sixty (60) were investigated, among which fifty-nine (59) deaths had been subject to response. Most deaths occurred in rural areas (75%), and the main vector was the dog (98%). Several shortcomings were noted: response actions were not carried out promptly;joint interventions bringing together human and animal health professionals were rare, there was little communication about rabies to communities (36%), and very little vaccination of the vector, the source of the disease (12%);an almost total absence of capacity-building for local players (7%);the health districts of Abobo-Ouest, Bondoukou, Divo and Fresco, which had regularly recorded human rabies deaths, had not benefited from dog vaccination, which is supposed to break the circulation of the virus. The persistence of rabies deaths in the health districts could probably be linked to these shortcomings. Faced with these realities, it is essential to strengthen the epidemiological investigation capacities of the players involved, in order to improve the quality of investigations and ensure an effective response.

Laboratory-scale investigation of response characteristics of liquid-filled rock joints with different joint inclinations under dynamic loading

In underground rock engineering,water-bearing faults may be subjected to dynamic loading,resulting in the coupling of hydraulic and dynamic hazards.Understanding the interaction mechanism between the stress waves induced by dynamic loadings and liquid-filled rock joints is therefore crucial.In this study,an auxiliary device for simulating the liquid-filled layer was developed to analyze the dynamic response characteristics of liquid-filled rock joints in laboratory.Granite and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)specimens were chosen for testing,and high-amplitude shock waves induced by a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)were used to produce dynamic loadings.Impact loading tests were conducted on liquid-filled rock joints with different joint inclinations.The energy propagation coefficient and peak liquid pressure were proposed to investigate the energy propagation and attenuation of waves propagating across the joints,as well as the dynamic response characteristics of the liquid in the liquid-filled rock joints.For the inclination angle range considered herein,the experimental results showed that the energy propagation coefficient gently diminished with increasing joint inclination,and smaller coefficient values were obtained for granite specimens compared with PMMA specimens.The peak liquid pressure exhibited a gradually decreasing trend with increasing joint inclination,and the peak pressure for granite specimens was slightly higher than that for PMMA specimens.Overall,this paper may provide a considerably better method for studying liquid-filled rock joints at the laboratory scale,and serves as a guide for interpreting the underlying mechanisms for interactions between stress waves and liquid-filled rock joints.

Multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction for building structures: Experimental investigations

Estimation of lateral displacement and acceleration responses is essential to assess safety and serviceability of high-rise buildings under dynamic loadings including earthquake excitations. However, the measurement information from the limited number of sensors installed in a building structure is often insufficient for the complete structural performance assessment. An integrated multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction method has thus been proposed by the authors to tackle this problem. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental investigation using a cantilever beam with multi-type sensors is performed and reported in this paper. The experimental setup is first introduced. The finite element modelling and model updating of the cantilever beam are then performed. The optimal sensor placement for the best response reconstruction is determined by the proposed method based on the updated FE model of the beam. After the sensors are installed on the physical cantilever beam, a number of experiments are carried out. The responses at key locations are reconstructed and compared with the measured ones. The reconstructed responses achieve a good match with the measured ones, manifesting the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Besides, the proposed method is also examined for the cases of different excitations and unknown excitation, and the results prove the proposed method to be robust and effective. The superiority of the optimized sensor placement scheme is finally demonstrated through comparison with two other different sensor placement schemes： the accelerometer-only scheme and non-optimal sensor placement scheme. The proposed method can be applied to high-rise buildings for seismic performance assessment.

Seismic response control of a complex structure using multiple MR dampers: experimental investigation

This paper presents an experimental investigation on semi-active seismic response control of a multi- story building with a podium structure using multiple magnetorheological (MR) dampers manipulated by a logic control algorithm.The experiments are performed in three phases on a seismic simulator with a slender 12-story building model representing a multi-story building and a relatively stiff 3-story building model typifying a podium structure.The first phase of the investigation is to assess control performance of using three MR dampers to link the 3-story building to the 12-story building,in which seismic responses of the controlled two buildings are compared with those of the two buildings without any connection and with rigid connection.The second phase is to investigate reliability of the semi-active control system and robustness of the logic control algorithm when 2 out of 3 MR dampers fail and when the electricity supply to MR dampers is completely stopped.The last phase is to examine sensitivity of semi-active control performance of two buildings to change in ground excitation.The experimental results show that multiple MR dampers with the logic control algorithm can achieve a significant reduction in seismic responses of both buildings.The proposed semi-active control system is of high reliability and good robustness.

Integration of Geophysical and Geotechnical Soil Characteristics for Local Site Seismic Design in Georgia

Recently, number of new constructions and engineering projects increased in Georgia, especially in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. Because of significant seismic activity of Caucasus region, seismic hazard assessment is very important issue for seismic-designing of engineering projects. Due to modern building codes, complex study of the local area is crucial for proper design of any type of constructions. Among them, following studies should be performed: probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, geological, geotechnical, geophysical, etc. After that, all information should be merged to each other and taken into account while designing of the project. In this paper, location of one construction site was selected as an application of complex study in order to show how can be merged different studies to each other. At the beginning, geological survey (well drilling) and geotechnical studies including laboratory tests were performed. Then geophysical profiling and downhole tests in wells were done by obtaining direct and shear wave velocities including estimation of physical-mechanical parameters. Next, probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and site-depended seismic hazard assessment were performed based on all information obtained by different studies. As a result, influence of local soil amplification on seismic hazard assessment is shown for the study area.

Forensic Investigation in Communication Networks Using Incomplete Digital Evidences

Security incidents targeting information systems have become more complex and sophisticated, and intruders might evade responsibility due to the lack of evidence to convict them. In this paper, we develop a system for Digital Forensic in Networking, called DigForNet, which is useful to analyze security incidents and explain the steps taken by the attackers. DigForNet combines intrusion response team knowledge with formal tools to identify the attack scenarios that have occurred and show how the system behaves for every step in the scenario. The attack scenarios construction is automated and the hypothetical concept is introduced within DigForNet to alleviate missing data related to evidences or investigator knowledge. DigForNet system supports the investigation of attack scenarios that integrate anti-investigation attacks. To exemplify the proposal, a case study is proposed.

中国式刑事证明结构:分段包干与选择性接力

1979年颁行的《刑事诉讼法》确立了我国分段包干与选择性接力的证明结构。它既体现在侦诉审关系中,也体现在上下审关系中。在这一结构中,公检法在各自主导的诉讼阶段只有调查程序和方式的差异,并无查证责任和目标的差异。后端办案机关有接力查证的责任。接力者具有依照法定证明标准选择是否接力的判断权,也有选择接力主体、范围和方法的裁量权。《刑事诉讼法》虽然历经多次修改,但均朝着优化结构的方向前行。我国刑事证明结构具有如下鲜明特色:一是事实认定权力的去中心主义,二是专门机关查证责任的同质化,三是查证范围认定权的单元化,四是“调查”真相演变为“接着查”真相,五是作为查明真相协助者的辩方。

3D打印联合跗骨窦下小切口空心钉内固定治疗创伤性跟骨骨折的效果

目的:探究3D打印联合跗骨窦下小切口空心钉内固定治疗创伤性跟骨骨折的效果。方法:选择2019年1月—2023年1月在贵州省人民医院治疗的创伤性跟骨骨折患者120例,应用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(行跗骨窦下小切口空心钉内固定)及观察组(行3D打印联合跗骨窦下小切口空心钉内固定),各60例。对比两组临床效果、围手术期指标(手术时间、出血量、透视次数)、影像学指标(跟骨Bhler角、Gissane角、跟骨高度、跟骨长度、跟骨宽度)、踝关节功能(踝-后足评分)、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、应激反应[皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)]。结果:观察组优良率高于对照组,手术时间短于对照组,透视次数、出血量均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后,两组Bhler角、Gissane角、跟骨高度、跟骨长度、跟骨宽度与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后以上指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,两组踝-后足评分均升高,观察组高于对照组,TNF-α、IL-1、CRP、Cor、NE、AngⅡ水平均显著升高,但观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3D打印联合跗骨窦下小切口空心钉内固定治疗创伤性跟骨骨折,可减轻手术创伤,减轻炎症反应、应激反应,促进踝关节功能恢复。

3D打印技术辅助后路伤椎置钉短节段内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折的疗效及安全性

目的探讨3D打印技术辅助后路伤椎置钉短节段内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2020年9月至2022年9月南阳市中心医院收治的128例胸腰段椎体骨折患者的临床诊治资料,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组和观察组各64例。对照组患者行后路伤椎置钉短节段内固定,观察组患者行3D打印技术辅助后路伤椎置钉短节段内固定。比较两组患者的手术指标、手术优良率、伤椎前缘高度比、Cobb角、椎体疼痛[视觉模拟量表(VAS)]、椎体功能[日本骨科协会评估量表(JOA)]、围手术期应激激素[皮质醇(COR)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)]和术后并发症。结果观察组患者的手术时间、置钉时间、术中出血量及术中X线透视次数分别为(86.85±12.37)min、(4.29±1.02)min、(91.75±16.29)m L、(13.24±4.07)次,明显少于对照组的(105.34±20.83)min、(14.26±2.15)min、(127.56±29.63)mL、(18.64±5.12)次,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的手术优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者的伤椎前缘高度比、Cobb角、VAS评分及JOA评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1 d及3 d,观察组患者的COR、ACTH及NE分别为(734.27±53.21)nmol/L及(586.34±45.66)nmol/L、(20.41±2.14)pmol/L及(14.26±1.43)pmol/L、(562.37±32.15)ng/L及(410.37±29.41)ng/L,明显低于对照组的(987.26±68.44)nmol/L及(705.69±50.12)nmol/L、(25.63±2.37)pmol/L及(17.85±1.62)pmol/L、(779.82±40.16)ng/L及(568.94±30.25)ng/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的术后并发症发生率为3.13%,明显低于对照组的14.06%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论3D打印技术辅助后路伤椎置钉短节段内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折患者效果明显,可增强腰椎功能,减轻疼痛,缓解应激,且术后并发症少。

Divergent consequences of bio-resources on morphological plasticity and biochemical responses in early-stage leguminous species:Sustainable productivity approaches

Inorganic resources can be detrimental to the environment when exploited.In comparison,organic resources help balance the soil’s carbon and nitrogen(C/N)ratio,enhance soil fertility and benefit ecological protection.Current climate crises,rapid urbanization,and fast population growth are causing many natural forests to be converted to agricultural and industrial lands to fulfill ever-increasing food and developmental requirements.Application of different bio-resources becomes necessary for sustainable productivity of available lands.This study explores the effects of various organic amendments on the growth,morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of three leguminous tree species:Dalbergia sissoo,Vachellia nilotica,and Acacia ampliceps,concerning sustainable productivity.One-year-old healthy,disease-free,and homogenous seedlings were used as study material in a greenhouse pot experiment.Four organic amendments,i.e.,compost(CMP),cow dung(CD),poultry manure(PM),and biochar(BC),along with a control(CK)treatment,were applied.Results showed that all the organic amendments performed significantly better(P<0.05)than CK.CD produced the most significant results,followed by BC application,while PM influence was the least.Among all treatments and species,the maximum values of root length,root biomass,chlorophyll content,carotenoids,catalase,and total phenolic content were recorded under the CD treatment.Whereas for plant height and collar diameter,no big differences were observed between CD and BC(P=0.054).While comparing species,V.nilotica growth was significantly enhanced under organic amendments,followed by A.ampliceps.Combined and comparative results of studied parameters conclude that CD and BC were the most effective organic amendments,which greatly improved the growth of experimental leguminous tree species;this makes these two biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable agricultural productivity.Our study contributes toward an enhanced understanding of plant’s morpho-physiological responses,biochemical growth patterns,controls,and activities under different bio-fertilizers.

中前足骨折不同内固定方式的临床疗效对比分析

目的研究中前足骨折不同内固定方式的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院收治的通过可吸收螺钉进行内固定的中前足骨折患者33例的临床资料并将其纳入观察组,另将同期通过钛合金螺钉进行内固定的33例中前足骨折患者纳为对照组。记录比较2组围术期指标,通过Maryland足踝功能评分、美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery Association,AOFAS)踝与后足评分评估2组术前及术后3个月足踝功能情况,检测2组炎症因子[降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)]水平,观察比较2组并发症发生情况。结果观察组手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间显著小于对照组(t=3.492、2.607、7.581,P<0.05)。术后3个月,2组Maryland评分、AOFAS评分较术前高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(t=3.034、3.041,P<0.05)。术后3个月,2组PCT、IL-6、CRP水平较术前低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(t=3.816、10.315、10.050,P<0.001)。2组并发症总发生率比较无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.747,P=0.099)。结论可吸收螺钉内固定用于中前足骨折手术疗效显著,能够促进骨折及足踝功能恢复,减轻患者炎症反应,且安全性较高,值得临床应用与推广。

基于法律法规框架下药物临床试验研究者必备的能力与要求

《药物临床试验机构监督检查办法(试行)》将于2024年3月1日起正式实施,强调药物临床试验机构备案管理后研究者的责任和风险防控意识,加大违法违规行为的查处力度。国家药品监督管理局对药物临床试验数据的现场核查结果显示,研究者在履职能力和对临床试验质量的把控方面仍然存在诸多问题,包括研究者资质欠缺、不能保证试验条件、《药物临床试验质量管理规范》(GCP)意识不足、知情同意过程与试验记录不规范、方案违背、受试者权益保护不充分、质控不到位、试验用药品管理不规范等,影响临床试验质量。为不断提升药物临床试验质量,本研究在强调开展临床研究的重要性和必要性的同时,基于现行GCP对研究者职责要求,探讨研究者必备的能力与要求,如保护受试者权益和安全、做好临床试验风险防控、严格遵守临床试验方案、加强系统培训、掌握试验技术和GCP及其他相关法规知识等内容,进一步明确临床试验高质量发展时期研究者的使命,旨在强化研究者尤其是主要研究者(PI)的主体责任意识,有效助推临床试验高质量发展。

Investigation of response time of small footprint photonic crystal AND logic gate

In this paper, the response time of all-optical AND logic gate using the triangular photonic crystal lattice is investigated. The proposed logic gate consists of a photonic crystal nano-resonator formed by changing the size of the dielectric rods. The structure benefits the interference effect mechanism. The contrast ratio of the photonic crystal AND logic gate is obtained as 6 d B. In addition to simplicity, the designed nano-resonator increases the bit rate of logic gate. The delay time and footprint of logic gate are respectively 0.32 ps and 146 μm2. The proposed photonic crystal AND logic gate can operate at a bit rate of 3.12 Tbit/s。

金属地下矿山顶帮板管理思路

金属地下矿山安全管理重点之一是顶帮板管理。相关资料显示,在矿山整体安全效果显著提升时,冒顶片帮事故仍然占事故总数的较大比重。本文从顶帮板风险分级管控切入,结合隐患排查治理的实践要求,探讨科学有效地建立顶帮板安全管理双重预防机制,切实保障从业人员生命健康和财产安全,促进矿山企业安全高质量发展。

经皮内固定系统对创伤性胸腰椎骨折疗效、应激反应以及血清NSE、GFAP水平的影响

目的探讨经皮内固定系统对创伤性胸腰椎骨折疗效及应激反应、血清胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)水平的影响。方法纳入2017年2月~2019年2月该院收治的84例创伤性胸腰椎骨折患者,均采用椎弓根内固定系统治疗,按不同术式分组:40例传统入路,44例经皮内固定,分别设为对照组及观察组。比较两组的手术、随访、应激反应相关指标以及血清NSE、GFAP水平。结果与对照组比较,观察组术中出血量、下床时间、住院时间等数据显著更低(P<0.05),两组手术时间无显著差异(P>0.05);与术前比较,两组术后1周、末次随访疼痛VAS评分、Cobb角明显下降,伤椎前缘高度比明显增加,术后1周观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组间各时期影像指标无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后1 d、1周的肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素显著高于术前,血清NSE、GFAP水平显著低于术前(P<0.05),但观察组术后1 d、1周的各项指标与对照组均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论经皮内固定术治疗创伤性胸腰椎骨折,能获得与传统手术入路一致的效果,但前者早期疼痛更轻,能减轻术后早期应激反应以及脊髓、神经微损伤。

电梯安装过程中伤亡事故监管责任研究

为了完善电梯安装的安全监管机制,本文基于电梯安装事故的牵头调查部门及监管部门涉及的相关法律法规和规定,研究探讨电梯安装过程中安全监管现状和方法,提出了在电梯安装过程中监管职责交叉所存在的问题以及从政府及各相关监管部门层面解决电梯安装安全监管的建议。研究结果表明:细化电梯安装过程中的部门监管职责和责任清单、提高电梯安装单位的准入门槛、强化联合执法方式,能够为提升电梯安装过程中的安全监管水平提供参考。

FPSO串靠外输作业溢油风险分析及应对措施

深入研究浮式生产储卸油装置(FPSO)串靠外输作业溢油风险问题,通过归纳、总结FPSO串靠外输作业的特点和溢油原因及可能导致的环境和经济影响,提出一系列应对措施,包括加强天气的预测及前期准备工作、设备定期检查和隐患整改、人员技能提高、各项安全制度的贯彻执行等,从而有效降低FPSO串靠外输作业溢油风险,保护海洋生态环境,保障经济利益,也可为相关领域的研究提供借鉴。