To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and re...To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.展开更多
In recent years, cost-benefit analysis(CBA) has played an important role in disaster risk reduction(DRR)investment decisions, and now increasing attention is being paid to its application in developing countries. This...In recent years, cost-benefit analysis(CBA) has played an important role in disaster risk reduction(DRR)investment decisions, and now increasing attention is being paid to its application in developing countries. This article discusses government investment choices in DRR against typhoon disasters in Shenzhen, China. While the existing literature mainly focuses on disaster mitigation measures such as structural retrofitting, this study proposes a holistic framework of DRR investments in which structural(windproof retrofitting) and financial(insurance premium subsidies and post-disaster relief) are all taken into account.In particular, intermeasure spillover effects are measured and used in CBA. The results show that insurance premium subsidies yield the highest benefit-cost ratio and should be prioritized in investment. Windproof retrofitting comes in second place in terms of the benefit-cost ratio and can be considered when there is a sufficient budget. These results further confirm the need of a holistic review of government DRR investments to derive policy recommendations, while challenges remain in relation to the probabilistic modeling capacity to support CBA.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71661003)
文摘To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.
基金Financial support from the China 973 Project under grant 2012CB955404the State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology of China Project under Grant 2015-ZY-17
文摘In recent years, cost-benefit analysis(CBA) has played an important role in disaster risk reduction(DRR)investment decisions, and now increasing attention is being paid to its application in developing countries. This article discusses government investment choices in DRR against typhoon disasters in Shenzhen, China. While the existing literature mainly focuses on disaster mitigation measures such as structural retrofitting, this study proposes a holistic framework of DRR investments in which structural(windproof retrofitting) and financial(insurance premium subsidies and post-disaster relief) are all taken into account.In particular, intermeasure spillover effects are measured and used in CBA. The results show that insurance premium subsidies yield the highest benefit-cost ratio and should be prioritized in investment. Windproof retrofitting comes in second place in terms of the benefit-cost ratio and can be considered when there is a sufficient budget. These results further confirm the need of a holistic review of government DRR investments to derive policy recommendations, while challenges remain in relation to the probabilistic modeling capacity to support CBA.
