Treatment of drilling wastewater using a weakly basic resin

Macroporous weak basic anion exchanger （D301R） was used to remove organic substances from drilling wastewater. The effect of pH, temperature and contact time on adsorption behavior was investigated in batch experiments, which indicated that the COD （Chemical Oxygen Demand） removal ratio of drilling wastewater was approximately 90%, and the COD of treated wastewater was below 70 mg/L under appropriate operating conditions. A mixed liquor of NaOH and NaCI was selected as desorbent because of its better elution performance. The results of column dynamic adsorption and regeneration showed that the COD of wastewater could be efficiently removed by D301R resin, and the resin was easily regenerated by the selected desorbent.

ADSORPTION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES BY MACRO WEAKLY BASIC IONEXCHANGE RESIN AND THEIR EFFECTS ON REMOVAL OF Cu^(2+) AND Pb^(2+)

Adsorption of humic, tannic and gallic acids by a macro weakly basic ion-exchange resin JN-01 was studied. The adsorption capacity of this resin for gallic and tannic acids is much higher than that for humic acid, which can be explained on the basis of both their molecular size and ionization degree. Furthermore, humic acid is separated into different components with molecular weight in the range from 2000 Da to 100000 Da by ultra-filter, and their adsorption isotherms on resin JN-01 indicate that humic acid＇s molecular weight is an important factor which makes significant influence on adsorption. Finally, changes in the amount of Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ adsorbed on resin JN-01 as a function of the concentration of each of these three acids were studied. A large increase in the heavy metal ions uptake is observed in the presence of humic substance, such advantages are due to the interactions between the heavy metal ions and the unbound functional groups of the adsorbed organic acids.

脂环族环氧-丙烯酸酯混杂光固化树脂的设计及性能研究

采用二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(DEGDMA)和三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(3EGDMA),分别与脂环族环氧树脂(TTA-21)共混,构建了TTA-21/DEGDMA和TTA-21/3EGDMA阳离子/自由基混杂光固化体系,探究了上述体系的组成对固化薄膜力学性能的影响。在此基础上,全面讨论了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚(GMA)的添加量对TTA-21/3EGDMA拉伸强度、断裂韧性、透光率以及热机械性能和微观形貌的影响。结果表明,GMA添加量为20%时,组分比为2∶1的TTA-21/3EGDMA薄膜拉伸强度为65.74 MPa,断裂伸长率为4.80%;GMA添加量为40%时,K IC可达2.74 MPa·m 1/2,提高了17.52%。不同GMA添加量的TTA-21/3EGDMA薄膜透光率均可达89.95%以上。随着GMA添加量的增多,固化物交联密度增加,GMA添加量大于30%后,出现了微相分离,增加了薄膜的柔韧性。

Environmentally benign chemical fixation of CO_(2) catalyzed by the functionalized ion-exchange resins

Basic ion-exchange resins,one kind of polystyryl-supported tertiary amine,were demonstrated to be highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for the fixation of carbon dioxide with aziridines under mild conditions,leading to the formation of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinone with excellent regio-selectivities.Notably,neither solvents nor any additives were required,and the catalyst could be recovered by simple filtration and directly reused at least five times without significant loss of catalytic activity and selectivity.The present protocol has been applied to reactions of epoxides/propargyl amines with CO_(2)/CS2.This solvent-free process thus represents environmentally friendly catalytic conversion of CO_(2) into value-added chemicals and may have potential in various continuous flow reactors in industry.

Adsorption of three pharmaceuticals on two magnetic ion-exchange resins

The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments poses potential risks to the ecology and human health. This study investigated the removal of three widely detected and abundant pharmaceuticals, namely, ibuprofen（IBU）, diclofenac（DC）, and sulfadiazine（SDZ）, by two magnetic ion-exchange resins. The adsorption kinetics of the three adsorbates onto both resins was relatively fast and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Despite the different pore structures of the two resins, similar adsorption patterns of DC and SDZ were observed, implying the existence of an ion-exchange mechanism. IBU demonstrated a combination of interactions during the adsorption process. These interactions were dependent on the specific surface area and functional groups of the resin. The adsorption isotherm fittings verified the differences in the behavior of the three pharmaceuticals on the two magnetic ion-exchange resins. The presence of Cl-and SO2-4suppressed the adsorption amount, but with different inhibition levels for different adsorbates. This work facilitates the understanding of the adsorption behavior and mechanism of pharmaceuticals on magnetic ion-exchange resins.The results will expand the application of magnetic ion-exchange resins to the removal of pharmaceuticals in waters.

Ultra-low concentration of total organic carbon in ultrapure water using ion-exchange resin embedding silanized magnetic nanoparticles

Regeneration of pure water is an important issue not only for the healthy life but also for the fine control of precise processes in various industries.One important issue in ultrahigh purified water is to reduce the amount of total organic carbon(TOC).Herein,we introduce a new approach to reduce the TOC using the surface silanized nanoparticles,in which the magnetic nanoparticles(mNPs)are silanized and then complexed with ion exchange resin(IER)beads.The Fe3O4 mNPs are surface modified by using high concentrated vinyltrimethoxysilane(VTMS)and then adhered on the surface of IER beads.The surface modified mNPs have a thick-shell of polysiloxane layer varying from 5 to 22 nm depending on the amount of VTMS used,which leads the significant increase of specific surface area.The IER beads embedding VTMS-silanized mNPs achieves about 7μg/L of the TOC level in ultrapure water system,which is two orders less than 228μg/L of the feeding water and one order less than 96μg/L from the system using pristine IER beads.This result is mainly attributed to the polysiloxane layer forming broccoli-like surface structure and some part by the vinyl group of VTMS exposed to the amines in the water.

树脂锚杆锚固性能及影响因素分析

采用理论分析、实验室试验、数值模拟及井下实测相结合的方法对树脂锚杆锚固性能及影响因素进行研究。理论分析了锚杆在拉拔与全长锚固状态下的应力分布特征;在实验室进行了不同形状锚杆、不同钻孔直径下锚杆拉拔力试验,得出了锚杆形状、孔径差对锚杆拉拔力的影响程度;测试了不同模拟钻孔温度、淋水量下锚杆的拉拔力,得出了温度、淋水量与锚杆拉拔力之间的关系。采用有限差分数值模拟软件FLAC3D,计算了不同杆体形状、孔径差、居中度及不同围岩强度下锚固剂、围岩中的剪应力大小,分析了诸因素对剪应力分布的影响,得出了不同条件下剪应力分布特征。在平庄风水沟煤矿井下进行了软岩可锚性试验,实测了软岩不同含水状态下锚杆、锚索拉拔力。最后,提出改进树脂锚杆锚固性能、提高锚固力的建议。

复方安替威胶囊血中移行成分的富集工艺研究

目的:研究复方安替威血中移行成分的富集工艺条件及参数。方法:以复方安替威的主要入血成分绿原酸和黄芩苷为考察指标,用HPLC测定含量,确定大孔树脂法富集复方安替威血中移行成分的最佳工艺条件。结果:复方安替威胶囊内容物经水提醇沉后,以NKA-2型大孔树脂为吸附剂,3 BV的水洗脱除去杂质后,收集5 BV的50%乙醇洗脱液为最佳富集工艺;终产物中绿原酸和黄苷芩的含量均较原复方安替威胶囊提高了近5倍。结论:以中药血清药物化学为指导的大孔树脂法,是富集复方安替威血中移行成分的有效方法,也为其他中药复方的精制提供借鉴。

毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂的制备及微囊化条件的优化

以脲醛树脂为壁材,采用原位聚合法制备了20%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂,探讨了影响微囊粒径大小及分布的因素,优化了微囊化条件,并就其与毒死蜱乳油对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊B radysia odoriphaga幼虫的毒力进行了对比。结果表明,选用苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚乳液(SMA)为分散剂(质量分数为总体系的2.5%),乳化条件为1 500r/m in搅拌30m in,60m in内调节体系pH值至2.5,反应后期升温至45℃,在此条件下制备的毒死蜱微胶囊外形较好,平均粒径为8.9μm,分散系数为0.182 6,包封率高达99.54%。毒力测定结果表明,乳油和微胶囊对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的初始LC50值分别为2.05和3.02μg/mL;而在自然环境中放置32d后,乳油对该虫的毒力下降较快,LC50值为100.23μg/mL,而微囊悬浮剂毒力仍保持较高水平,LC50值为15.63μg/mL。表明毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂兼具速效性高和持效期长的优点。

高吸水树脂颗粒调堵剂胶囊化缓膨方法研究

针对高吸水树脂颗粒作为调剖堵水材料膨胀速度过快的缺点,与微胶囊制备技术相结合,提出了一种新的延缓膨胀的思路。以线性低密度聚乙烯为成膜材料、二甲苯为溶剂、乙醇为非溶剂,利用凝聚法研究了树脂颗粒胶囊化缓膨技术,制备了具有良好缓膨性能的树脂颗粒,分析了其缓膨机理。研究表明两相分离的凝聚法可用于制备缓膨高吸水树脂颗粒。所制备的缓膨树脂颗粒在矿化度为21 328mg/L的模拟地层水中,开始出现膨胀的时间为30h,完全膨胀所需时间为70h。延缓作用是通过吸水面积的减少及包覆膜的物理限制作用实现的。

复方前列通胶囊纯化工艺的研究

目的:对复方前列通胶囊中主要组成药物牛膝、王不留行提取物的纯化工艺进行研究。方法:采用大孔树脂纯化提取物,并以牛膝皂苷元齐墩果酸的含量为指标,对大孔树脂纯化工艺参数进行优选;以主要药效、固含量、有效成分含量等指标评价纯化工艺。结果:选用D101型大孔吸附树脂纯化提取物,最佳工艺为:用5倍树脂量的水洗脱除糖类等杂质成分、5倍树脂量的90%乙醇液洗脱有效成分。提取物经纯化后吸湿性小,固体得率低,而经主要药效比较,提取物纯化前后无显著性差异。结论:采用此方法能有效地去除牛膝、王不留行提取物中的糖类成分等杂质,提取物易于制剂成型,纯化工艺可行。

环氧树脂/微胶囊红磷体系对高抗冲聚苯乙烯阻燃性能的研究

用锥形量热仪、TGA、LOI及UL94垂直燃烧研究了Novolac对MRP阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)性能的影响。结果表明,在MRP阻燃HIPS中添加适量的Novolac,可以使材料的阻燃性能满足使用要求,且随着Novolac用量的增加,材料的阻燃性能和热稳定性上升。

微胶囊红磷和酚醛环氧树脂对高抗冲聚苯乙烯阻燃性能的影响

采用锥形量热仪、极限氧指数(LO I)和UL94垂直燃烧测试方法研究了微胶囊红磷(MRP)和酚醛环氧树脂(NR)对高抗冲聚苯乙烯(H IPS)阻燃性能的影响。各种测试结果表明,NR和MRP对H IPS的阻燃具有协同效应。MRP可有效降低H IPS燃烧时的热释放速率(HRR)和热释放总量(THR),但由于MRP部分挥发到气相中,使得烟释放总量(TSR)有所增加;而NR可以抑制可燃产物的挥发,有效降低材料燃烧时的TSR,但THR却有所增加。同时添加MRP和NR与两者分别添加时相比,H IPS的HRR和THR显著降低;与纯H IPS相比TSR也有所降低;H IPS的LO I达到28.8%;UL94垂直燃烧级别达到V-0级。

应用离子交换树脂球研究温度对水稻土养分释放动态的影响

采用”通用佳”离子交换树脂球法研究了 3种不同温度下 (15℃、2 5℃、3 5℃ )淹水土壤氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等养分释放的动态规律。结果表明 ,温度升高对土壤氮和磷释放有明显的促进作用。 7周内离子交换树脂对N的累积提取量 ,2 5℃和 3 5℃时比 15℃分别增加了 91%和 189% ;同期对P的累积提取量 2 5℃和 3 5℃时比 15℃分别增加了 13 1%和 3 93 % ;温度对土壤钾钙镁释放的影响相对较小。不同温度下土壤养分释放动态适合于乘幂方程RAQ(i,t) =atb,其中 ,RAQ(i,t) 表示树脂球 t天内所吸收的i养分离子量 (μmol/cm2 ) ,a、b为常数 。

影响密胺树脂包覆耐晒黄G的条件研究

研究了用密胺树脂为囊壁包覆耐晒黄G的方法.微胶囊的包覆条件为:在温度为60℃,pH值为8.5的条件下加入摩尔比为1∶2.5的三聚氰胺和甲醛,制得密胺树脂预聚体,预聚体按囊材含量30%的比例加入颜料的溶液,分散剂的浓度控制在3%左右,pH值控制在5.5左右,反应2 h后,过滤、干燥,即得产品.

HPLC测定骨愈宁胶囊中柚皮苷的含量

目的 测定骨愈宁胶囊中柚皮苷的含量。方法 采用高效液相色谱法 ,ShimpackCLC -ODS色谱柱 (15 0mm× 6 .0mm ,id ,5 μm) ,流动相为甲醇 - 36 %醋酸 -水 (36 :4:6 5 ) ,检测波长 2 83nm。 结果 柚皮苷在 0 .0 6 5～ 1.0 4μg范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999) ,平均加样回收率为 10 0 .1% ,RSD =1.45 %。结论 该方法简便、准确。

红蓝光联合维胺脂等治疗中重度痤疮115例临床观察

目的观察红蓝光联合药物治疗中、重度痤疮的临床疗效和安全性。方法将入选的220例中、重度痤疮患者随机分成两组,全部患者予外涂0.3%维胺脂维E软膏,每日早、晚各1次,并口服维胺脂胶囊50mg,3次/d。另外,治疗组(115例)在予以上药物治疗前先洁面并予红蓝光分别照射10min,2次/周。两组患者的疗程均为4周。结果治疗结束时,治疗组有效率为83.48%,对照组为54.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组12例和对照组8例患者口服药物后感到口干及上腹部不适,轻度皮肤干燥、脱屑;而治疗组有5例、对照组有3例患者外用维胺脂维E软膏后感到皮肤烧灼感、脱皮,但患者均能耐受。结论红蓝光联合维胺脂胶囊、维胺脂维E软膏治疗中、重度痤疮有较好的临床疗效,且不良反应轻微,值得临床选用。

围岩性质对树脂锚杆锚固性能影响的研究

运用数值模拟方法分析了树脂锚固剂锚固界面上剪应力大小在不同性质围岩情况下的分布规律,指出对于不同性质的围岩,锚杆拉拔载荷对锚杆锚固性能影响较大,锚杆锚固长度与锚固剂厚度对锚杆锚固性能影响较小,同时在载荷保持不变的情况下,锚杆与树脂锚固剂界面处的剪应力峰值随着围岩弹性模量的增加而增加,剪应力峰值越大,岩体越容易屈服。

锚固剂环形厚度对树脂锚杆锚固性能影响的研究

在介绍国内外煤矿支护中钻孔与锚杆之间合理孔径差的基础上,运用数值模拟方法分析了树脂锚固剂在不同环厚,以及锚杆偏心导致左右两侧厚度不均情况下的受力变形特征,验证了三径匹配的合理性。指出当锚杆偏心导致锚固剂受力不均时,极易造成支护系统失稳。模拟结果认为,只有合理控制钻孔与锚杆之间的直径差,同时保证锚杆在钻孔居中,才能获得较好的支护效果。

肝苏缓释胶囊精制工艺中大孔吸附树脂型号的筛选

目的筛选适合分离纯化赶黄草提取物的最佳大孔吸附树脂型号。方法以槲皮素吸附量、解吸率、吸附速率及解吸速率为指标,对D140、D141、D3520、AB-8、D101、DM-130、NKA-9、S-8等8种大孔吸附树脂的性能进行比较。结果8种大孔吸附树脂对槲皮素的静态吸附量顺序为:D140>D141>D3520>AB-8>D101>DM-130>NKA-9>S-8,解吸率顺序为:D140>D141>S-8>AB-8>NKA-9>D3520>DM-130>D101。其中D140、D141对槲皮素的吸附量分别为9.728、.76m.g-1,解吸率分别为88.5%、84.3%;吸附速率和解吸速率比较结果表明,D140型树脂在加入药液后约5h吸附达到平衡,在加入解吸剂后1.5h解吸完全,其吸附、解吸速率最快。结论在8种树脂中,D140的吸附与解吸效果最佳。