【目的】研究目前常用的4种缓释载体对信息化学物质的释放速率,为研发对昆虫信息素和寄主挥发物释放速率稳定、持效期长的仿生诱芯提供依据。【方法】在室内条件下(温度24~26℃,相对湿度50%~80%,气体流速300 m L·min-1),采用动态...【目的】研究目前常用的4种缓释载体对信息化学物质的释放速率,为研发对昆虫信息素和寄主挥发物释放速率稳定、持效期长的仿生诱芯提供依据。【方法】在室内条件下(温度24~26℃,相对湿度50%~80%,气体流速300 m L·min-1),采用动态顶空吸附法(吸附剂Porapak Q)在不同时间收集小蠹虫4种聚集信息素成分、松毛虫2种性信息素成分和寄主挥发物2种萜烯成分在4种缓释载体上的释放量,用正己烷洗脱采样管后进行气相色谱定量分析。【结果】在分析测试时间内,聚氯乙烯塑料膜缓释载体(Bubble cap)对小蠹烯醇(ipsenol)的释放速率高于小蠹二烯醇(ipsdienol),其4种异构体成分在第2,22,29天释放速率差异显著。第2天初次测试时聚集信息素成分具有较高的释放量,然后释放速率持续下降到第15天,第15~36天释放速率又迅速上升并在第36天达到最大释放量,然后又逐渐下降到低释放速率状态。封口的聚乙烯管缓释载体(PE tube,#730)不释放松毛虫性信息素成分顺5,反7-十二碳二烯醛和顺5,反7-十二碳二烯醇,而未封口的聚乙烯管缓释载体释放这2种成分,说明这2种松毛虫性信息素成分不能穿透聚乙烯管缓释载体1mm厚的管壁而释放。寄主挥发性成分α-蒎烯[S-(-)-α-蒎烯和R-(+)-α-蒎烯)在聚乙烯塑料瓶缓释载体(PE bottle)中的释放速率前期不稳定,43天后处于平稳低释放状态,释放高峰期内2种成分的释放速率在第15天和29天差异显著;但S-(-)-α-蒎烯与R-(+)-α-蒎烯平均释放速率差异不显著。反式马鞭草烯醇和顺式马鞭草烯醇在聚乙烯塑料纸缓释载体(PE pouch)中的释放模式相似,第2~15天是平稳低释放状态;第16天释放速率迅速上升,第36天(反式马鞭草烯醇)或第43天(顺式马鞭草烯醇)达到最大释放量,然后释放速率逐渐下降到低释放状态。在释放高峰期,2种成分的释放速率只有第43天差异不显著,其余时间段均差异显著。【结论】明确了昆虫信息化学物质在4种常用缓释载体上的释放模式及其诱芯在林间的释放动态特征,对评价仿生诱芯在害虫种群监测和防控中的使用效果具有指导意义,可为生产上针对不同信息化学物质选用最适宜的缓释载体提供技术支持。展开更多
Behavioral responses of the Asian larch bark beetle, lps subelongatus Motsch. to three potential aggregation pheromone components, ipsenol （racemic or [-]- enantiomer）, ipsdienol （racemic or [＋]-enantiomer） and 3...Behavioral responses of the Asian larch bark beetle, lps subelongatus Motsch. to three potential aggregation pheromone components, ipsenol （racemic or [-]- enantiomer）, ipsdienol （racemic or [＋]-enantiomer） and 3-methyl-3-buten- l-ol, were tested using partial or full factorial experimental designs in two provinces （Inner Mongolia and Jilin） of northeastern China. Our field bioassays in Inner Mongolia （Larix principis- rupprechtii Mayr. plantation） clearly showed that ipsenol, either racemic or 97%-（-）- enantiomer, was the only compound that significantly attracted both sexes of 1. subelongatus, while all other compounds （singly or in combinations） were unattractive. There were no two- or three-way synergistic interactions. However, in Jilin Province （L. gmelini [Rupr.] Rupr. Plantation）, all the individual compounds tested were inactive, except a very weak activity by 97%-（-）-ipsenol in 2004 when the beetle population was very high. While a combination of ipsenol and ipsdienol （racemates or enantiomerically pure natural enantiomers） showed a significant attraction for both sexes of I. subelongatus, indicat- ing a two-way synergistic interaction between these two major components, addition of 3-methyl-3-buten-l-ol to these active binary blend（s） did not have any effects on trap catches, suggesting that ipsenol and ipsdienol are the synergistic aggregation pheromone components of I. subelongatus in Jilin Province. It seems that 97%-（-）-ipsenol in Inner Mongolia or the binary blend of 97%-（-）-ipsenol and 97%-（＋）-ipsdienol in Jilin Province are superior to their corresponding racemates, which might be due either to weak inhibitory effects of the antipode enantiomers or to reduced release rates of the active natural enan- tiomer（s） in the racemate（s）. Our current bioassay results suggest that there is a strong geographical variation in aggregation pheromone response of L subelongatus in northeastern China. Future research on the pheromone production and response of 1. subelongatus from different regions in Northeast Asia will surely improve our understanding of the dynamic aggregation pheromone system of this economically important forest pest insect.展开更多
基金International Cooperation Project “Biodiversity and Forest Pest Problem in Northeast China” (1114201 ) between Beijing Forestry University and Helsinki UniversityForestry Public Scientific Research Special Project (200904029)The Central University Basic Scientific Research Special Fundation (TD2010-4)
文摘Behavioral responses of the Asian larch bark beetle, lps subelongatus Motsch. to three potential aggregation pheromone components, ipsenol （racemic or [-]- enantiomer）, ipsdienol （racemic or [＋]-enantiomer） and 3-methyl-3-buten- l-ol, were tested using partial or full factorial experimental designs in two provinces （Inner Mongolia and Jilin） of northeastern China. Our field bioassays in Inner Mongolia （Larix principis- rupprechtii Mayr. plantation） clearly showed that ipsenol, either racemic or 97%-（-）- enantiomer, was the only compound that significantly attracted both sexes of 1. subelongatus, while all other compounds （singly or in combinations） were unattractive. There were no two- or three-way synergistic interactions. However, in Jilin Province （L. gmelini [Rupr.] Rupr. Plantation）, all the individual compounds tested were inactive, except a very weak activity by 97%-（-）-ipsenol in 2004 when the beetle population was very high. While a combination of ipsenol and ipsdienol （racemates or enantiomerically pure natural enantiomers） showed a significant attraction for both sexes of I. subelongatus, indicat- ing a two-way synergistic interaction between these two major components, addition of 3-methyl-3-buten-l-ol to these active binary blend（s） did not have any effects on trap catches, suggesting that ipsenol and ipsdienol are the synergistic aggregation pheromone components of I. subelongatus in Jilin Province. It seems that 97%-（-）-ipsenol in Inner Mongolia or the binary blend of 97%-（-）-ipsenol and 97%-（＋）-ipsdienol in Jilin Province are superior to their corresponding racemates, which might be due either to weak inhibitory effects of the antipode enantiomers or to reduced release rates of the active natural enan- tiomer（s） in the racemate（s）. Our current bioassay results suggest that there is a strong geographical variation in aggregation pheromone response of L subelongatus in northeastern China. Future research on the pheromone production and response of 1. subelongatus from different regions in Northeast Asia will surely improve our understanding of the dynamic aggregation pheromone system of this economically important forest pest insect.
