The ion exchange resin Amberlite IRA-400 in iodide and bromide form where equilibrated separately with the respective labeled iodide and bromide ion solution of different concen-trations varying from 0.005M to 0.100M ...The ion exchange resin Amberlite IRA-400 in iodide and bromide form where equilibrated separately with the respective labeled iodide and bromide ion solution of different concen-trations varying from 0.005M to 0.100M in the temperature range of 32.0 oC to 48.0 oC. The dis-tribution coefficient Kd values calculated for iodide and bromide ion exchange increases with rise in ionic concentration of the external solution, however with rise in temperature the Kd values calculated where found to decrease. Also the Kd values calculated where higher for iodide exchange than bromide exchange. Among the different alternative techniques available for obtaining the Kd values, the radio-active tracer technique used in the present ex-perimental work offers high detection sensitivity. It is expected that the distribution coefficient data obtained from such experimental work will significant in environmental impact assessment on the disposal of radioactive waste.展开更多
添加纳米矿物类控失剂的控失尿素可通过吸附作用,减少施入土壤后的氮素损失,明确该控失尿素施用量、与常规尿素合理配比在夏玉米上的效应,可为夏玉米一次性施肥、氮肥减施增效提供依据。在不同产量水平(高、中、低产田)土壤上,通过田间...添加纳米矿物类控失剂的控失尿素可通过吸附作用,减少施入土壤后的氮素损失,明确该控失尿素施用量、与常规尿素合理配比在夏玉米上的效应,可为夏玉米一次性施肥、氮肥减施增效提供依据。在不同产量水平(高、中、低产田)土壤上,通过田间试验研究常规尿素(纯氮210 kg hm^(-2))、控失尿素常量及减施(减量10%,即纯氮189 kg hm^(-2);减量20%,即纯氮168 kg hm^(-2))、控失尿素与常规尿素配施(配比分别为7∶3、5∶5和3∶7)对夏玉米产量、地上部生物量、养分积累量、光合特性及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥施用可显著提高夏玉米产量,常量控失尿素施用下夏玉米增产率达22.96%~27.55%,在高、中产田上产量较常规尿素有显著提升。与常量控失尿素相比,控失尿素减施10%和20%通过提升穗粒数使得高、中产田夏玉米产量不降低,控失尿素减施20%处理下高产田氮肥利用率高达41.60%。控失尿素与常规尿素7∶3配施下的氮素积累量与常量控失尿素处理无显著差异,高产田和中产田夏玉米产量、秸秆干物重均未显著降低,同时可显著提高低产田夏玉米产量、秸秆干物重。综上,控失尿素(纯氮210 kg hm^(-2))一次性施用可显著提高夏玉米产量和氮肥利用效率,控失尿素减量20%处理下高、中产田夏玉米产量未显著减产,氮肥利用率显著提升,是高、中产田适宜的氮肥用量;控失尿素常量施用或与常规尿素7∶3配合施用更适宜低产田夏玉米生长。展开更多
文摘The ion exchange resin Amberlite IRA-400 in iodide and bromide form where equilibrated separately with the respective labeled iodide and bromide ion solution of different concen-trations varying from 0.005M to 0.100M in the temperature range of 32.0 oC to 48.0 oC. The dis-tribution coefficient Kd values calculated for iodide and bromide ion exchange increases with rise in ionic concentration of the external solution, however with rise in temperature the Kd values calculated where found to decrease. Also the Kd values calculated where higher for iodide exchange than bromide exchange. Among the different alternative techniques available for obtaining the Kd values, the radio-active tracer technique used in the present ex-perimental work offers high detection sensitivity. It is expected that the distribution coefficient data obtained from such experimental work will significant in environmental impact assessment on the disposal of radioactive waste.
文摘添加纳米矿物类控失剂的控失尿素可通过吸附作用,减少施入土壤后的氮素损失,明确该控失尿素施用量、与常规尿素合理配比在夏玉米上的效应,可为夏玉米一次性施肥、氮肥减施增效提供依据。在不同产量水平(高、中、低产田)土壤上,通过田间试验研究常规尿素(纯氮210 kg hm^(-2))、控失尿素常量及减施(减量10%,即纯氮189 kg hm^(-2);减量20%,即纯氮168 kg hm^(-2))、控失尿素与常规尿素配施(配比分别为7∶3、5∶5和3∶7)对夏玉米产量、地上部生物量、养分积累量、光合特性及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥施用可显著提高夏玉米产量,常量控失尿素施用下夏玉米增产率达22.96%~27.55%,在高、中产田上产量较常规尿素有显著提升。与常量控失尿素相比,控失尿素减施10%和20%通过提升穗粒数使得高、中产田夏玉米产量不降低,控失尿素减施20%处理下高产田氮肥利用率高达41.60%。控失尿素与常规尿素7∶3配施下的氮素积累量与常量控失尿素处理无显著差异,高产田和中产田夏玉米产量、秸秆干物重均未显著降低,同时可显著提高低产田夏玉米产量、秸秆干物重。综上,控失尿素(纯氮210 kg hm^(-2))一次性施用可显著提高夏玉米产量和氮肥利用效率,控失尿素减量20%处理下高、中产田夏玉米产量未显著减产,氮肥利用率显著提升,是高、中产田适宜的氮肥用量;控失尿素常量施用或与常规尿素7∶3配合施用更适宜低产田夏玉米生长。
