Current situation of carbon emissions and countermeasures in China's ironmaking industry

The iron and steel industry(ISI) involves high energy consumption and high pollution. ISI in China, a leading country in the ISI,consumed 15% of the country’s total energy and produced more than 50% of the global ISI’s carbon emissions. Therefore, in the context of global low-carbon economy and emission reduction requirements, low-carbon smelting technology in the ISI has attracted increasingly more attention in China. This review summarizes the current status of carbon emissions and energy consumption in China’s ISI and discusses the development status and prospects of low-carbon ironmaking technology. The main route to effectively reducing carbon emissions is to develop a gas-based direct reduction process and replace sintering with pelletizing, both of which focus on developing pelletizing technology. However,the challenge of pelletizing process development is to obtain high-quality iron concentrates. Consequently, the present paper also summarizes the development status of China’s mineral processing technology, including fine-grained mineral processing technology, magnetization roasting technology, and flotation collector application. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for the low-carbon development of China’s ISI in terms of a dressing–smelting combination.

Highlights of Recent Advances in Refractories for Iron and Steel Industry in China

Recently procured outstanding achievements in iron and steel industry in China are presented by data or facts in steel output, energy consumption, technical and economical indicators and advanced technologies that are being adopted. The latest achievements in refractonries for this biggest user industry are reviewed, covering new refractories for CDQ coke oven, BF hearth, AOD Lining, long life tundish, SEN for clean steel making and regenerative reheating furnace . The reciprocal relationship is obvious that the rapid development of iron and steel industry has given an impetus to the advance of refractories industry, which in return has contributed greatly to the former.

Current Situation and Prospect of High Performance Refractories for Iron and Steel Industry in China

The development,physicochemical properties and application effectiveness of new high performance refractory products used in iron and steel industry in recent years are summarizedThe new products include carbon-containing oxides,non-oxides,functional refractories,low cement and ultra-low cement castables etc.It is pointed out that quality of refractory products needs to be improved and high performance varieties be developed.Meanwhile,research should be done on composite materials and composite structures,equipment techniques and optimization control of refractory production should be strengthened as well.

A Glimpse of Iron and Steel Industry of China in Recent Years

The paper briefs the recent development of China＇ s Iron ＆ Steel Industry from the view of a refractorie., worker. Some data and statistics have been revealed in the paper including total output of steel, geological distribution of key steel enterprises, productivity, facilities, technical and economical indices as well as technical advance achieved in. the last ten years. Structural adjustment and consolidation occurred in China＇s Iron ＆ Steel industy has also been described. The views on how much steel is demanded in China in the near future advanced by a steel expert has been accepted as the conclusion of the paper.

Maanshan Iron and Steel Design Institute under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry

Founded in July 1962.Maanshan Iron and Steel DesignInstitute is an important design institute directly under theMinistry of Metallurgical Industry,and a state Class A designinstitute registered in World Bank and Asia DevelopmentBank,also a member unit of China International ConsultantsCompany and China Metallurgical Construction GroupCompany.It boasts a staff of 1.500,including 1,200 engineeringand technical people(400 senior engineers included).It has 22research offices,such as iron-smelting,steel making,steel-rolling,mining,dressing and sintering,34 engineering designfaculties,has well-equipped electronic computer stations,experimenting labs and printing factories,and has divisions inShanghai and Zhuhai. The institute is engaged in the engineering design,technical consultancy,supervision and general contract

CDM Project Activities in China's Iron and Steel Industry:Current Status,Barriers and Development Strategies

China is now facing huge pressure from both the domestic concern of energy security and the global community's call for emission reduction commitment.As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters,China's iron and steel industry has a huge clean development mechanism(CDM) potential.This article both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the current status of CDM project activities in the iron and steel industry in China,including characteristics of approved project types,applicable methodologies,and potential technology fields.From the perspective of project implementation,the article summarizes development barriers such as high investment risk,difficulty in project identification,strict requirements on PPDs,long registration waiting time,and etc.Policy suggestions are also put forwarded to help better promote the development of CDM projects in the iron and steel industry.

Ma'anshan,a Window on China's Iron and Steel Industry

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An Optimized Oxygen System Scheduling With Electricity Cost Consideration in Steel Industry

As an essential energy resource in steel industry,oxygen is widely utilized in many production procedures.With different demands of the oxygen amount,a gap between the generation and consumption always occurs.Therefore,its related optimization and scheduling work along with the electricity cost to fill the gap has a great impact on daily production and efficient energy utilization in steel plant.Considering an oxygen system in a steel plant in China,a nonlinear programming model for oxygen system scheduling is proposed in this study,which concerns not only the practical characteristics of the energy pipeline network,but also the electricity cost acquired by a fitting regression modeling between the load of air separation units(ASU)and its corresponding electricity consumption.A set of constraints is formulated for restricting the practical adjusting capacity and filling the imbalance gap of oxygen.To solve the proposed scheduling model with electricity cost consideration,a particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is then adopted.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach,a large number of experiments employing the real data from this plant are carried out,both for the fitting regression and the scheduling optimization phases.And the results demonstrate that such a practice-based solution successfully resolves the oxygen scheduling problem and simultaneously minimizes the electricity cost,which will be beneficial for the enterprise.

Carbon dioxide emissions reduction technology and its application prospects in the steel industry

Fossil-fuel burning greenhouse gas induced global warming has been recognized as global environmental problems,reduce and ultimately control the energy production in the use of CO_2 emissions, global energy production will be a major challenge.As a highly intensive materials and energy,iron and steel enterprises,need to be invested to produce one ton of steel about two tons of material and 0.7 t of standard coal energy,and while producing two tons of CO_2.Therefore,reducing CO_2 emissions from iron and steel industry has become the focus of the global steel industry.This paper describes an integrated domestic and international measures to control carbon dioxide emissions research progress and future technology trends, with emphasis on the domestic steel industry emissions of carbon dioxide status of technology development and industrialization of implementation of the proposed on this basis,including dry quenching technology, gas,power generation,coal moisture control technology,blast furnace injection plastics technology,the use of coking process for treating municipal waste plastics technology,sintering heat generation,low pressure saturated steam for power generation,metallurgical slag heat recovery technology,coke oven gas hydrogen technology and the other key technologies energy saving technologies,including the development,promotion and popularization of the steel industry in China will be the CO_2 emission reduction technology direction and focus.At this stage,the Chinese steel industry can be improved the energy efficiency and recycling of waste heat and energy,reduce unit GDP,CO_2 emissions;but in the long run,should increase CO_2 capture and storage on the input of technology can possible effective control of the adverse effects of CO_2 emissions.

Iron ＆ Steel

Outdated Capacity to Be Eliminated The iron and steel capacity has reached 660 million tons in China, but the actual market requirement is only 470 million tons, so the excess-capacity is 190 million tons. National Development and Reform Commission of China declared the new capacity and expansion capacity in iron and steel industry will not be authorized. 400 m^3 or below blast furnaces and converters and 30 t or below electric furnaces will be eliminated by the end of 2011.

Running States of China's Iron & Steel,Nonferrous,and Building Materials Industries in 2012

Iron ＆ Steel Industry China＇s outputs of crude steel, steel products, coke and ferrous alloys in 2012 were 716.54 million tons （up 3.1% YOY）, 051.86 million tons （up 7.7% YOY）, 443.23 million tons （up 5.2% YOY） and 31.29 million tons （up 15% YOY）,

Environmental boundary and formation mechanism of different types of H2S corrosion products on pipeline steel

To establish an adequate thermodynamic model for the mechanism of formation of hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) corrosion products,theoretical and experimental studies were combined in this work. The corrosion products of API X60 pipeline steel formed under different H_2S corrosion conditions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction. A thermodynamic model was developed to clarify the environmental boundaries for the formation and transformation of different products. Presumably,a dividing line with a negative slope existed between mackinawite and pyrrhotite. Using experimental data presented in this study combined with previously published results,we validated the model to predict the formation of mackinawite and pyrrhotite on the basis of the laws of thermodynamics. The established relationship is expected to support the investigation of the H_2S corrosion mechanism in the oil and gas industry.

钢铁行业大气污染治理科技发展分析与展望

钢铁行业是我国工业领域重要的大气污染排放源之一,钢铁行业的大气污染治理是降低重点行业污染排放、打好污染防治攻坚战的重中之重。近年来,我国在钢铁行业大气污染治理方面取得了显著成果。总结了我国“十一五”以来钢铁行业污染防治科技工作的部署,并梳理分析了钢铁行业大气污染治理技术发展的阶段。基于末端治理、源头减排和过程控制、全过程耦合控制三个方面技术发展现状,剖析了当前我国钢铁行业在多污染物协同深度减排和实现超低排放面临的形势和问题。最后,面向“十四五”时期,聚焦碳达峰碳中和目标,提出了相关建议,旨在深化大气污染防治科技工作,为建设“美丽中国”和实现“双碳”目标提供关键科技支撑。在未来的发展中,我们有理由相信,在全社会的共同努力下,钢铁行业将迎来更加清洁、高效和可持续的发展。

欧盟碳边境调节机制对产品出口成本影响评估

碳边境调节机制(CBAM)带来的产品出口成本影响存在较高的不确定性.通过剖析CBAM条例规则,对CBAM关键要素的核算范围与规则进行研判,提出了评估CBAM出口成本影响的方法学框架,并以粗钢产品为例开展了实证研究.结果表明,在CBAM的系统边界与排放核算范围内,我国1t转炉粗钢的嵌入排放为1.73tCO_(2)eq,我国向欧盟出口粗钢产品的增量成本为37.26欧元/t.基于评估结果并统筹考虑我国与欧盟的气候政策体系差异,提出了包括隐性碳价谈判、降低产品碳排放强度、调整出口结构在内的多项应对CBAM的政策建议.

国内外钢铁工业水污染物排放标准对比及启示

钢铁工业是国民经济重要的基础产业,其用水量大,涉及的生产工艺流程长,排放的污染物种类也较多。为了加强钢铁工业的水污染物排放管理,美国、德国、欧盟等国家(地区)以及世界银行均针对钢铁工业制定了水污染物排放标准,各钢铁工业水污染物排放标准具有各自的特点。梳理了国内外钢铁工业水污染物排放标准,对各标准的适用范围、污染物项目以及排放限值、超标判定要求等主要技术内容进行了对比研究。最后,为了完善我国钢铁工业水污染物排放标准,提出了相关工作建议。

工业数字孪生数据建模在钢铁行业中的应用研究

目的工业数字孪生技术在钢铁行业的应用展现了其显著的潜力,成为工厂数字转型的核心技术之一,尤其在数据建模方面。本文梳理工业数字孪生中数据建模技术在钢铁行业中的应用。方法通过梳理相关文献,重点分析四种数据建模方法,即基于知识的方法、基于机理的方法、基于传统机器学习的方法和基于深度学习的方法,详细介绍这些方法的优势、局限性和具体应用案例。探索了这些方法在数字物理实体融合的工业数字孪生系统构建中的潜力,以及未来模型的可扩展性设计,特别是针对大模型技术的应用。结论通过这一综述,梳理钢铁行业现有工业数字孪生数据建模技术,为钢铁行业的数字化转型提供有价值的见解,并为未来的研究和实践提供方向。