Effects of Alloying Elements on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Heavy Section Ductile Cast Iron

The effects of alloying elements on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron were investigated to develop press die material having high strength and high ductility. Measurements of ultimate tensile strength, 0.2% proof strength, elongation and unnotched Charpy impact energy are presented as a function of alloy amounts within 0.25 to 0.75 wt pct range. Hardness is measured on the broken tensile specimens. The small additions of Mo, Cu, Ni and Cr changed the as-cast mechanical properties owing to the different as-cast matrix microstructures. The ferrite matrix of Mo and Ni alloyed cast iron exhibits low strength and hardness as well as high elongation and impact energy. The increase in Mo and Ni contents developed some fractions of pearlite structures near the austenite eutectic cell boundaries, which caused the elongation and impact energy to drop in a small range. Adding Cu and Cr elements rapidly changed the ferrite matrix into pearlite matrix, so strength and hardness were significantly increased. As more Mo and Cr were added, the size and fraction of primary carbides in the eutectic cell boundaries increased through the segregation of these elements into the intercellular boundaries.

Effect of alloying elements on austempered ductile iron(ADI) properties and its process:Review

Austempered ductile iron(ADI) parts have a unique combination of high strength and toughness with excellent design flexibility and low cost. These excellent properties are directly related to its microstructure called "ausferrite" that is the result of austempering heat treatment applied to ductile irons. Alloying elements increase ADI austemperability and change speeds of austempering reactions. Thus, they can affect ADI resultant microstructure and mechanical properties. In this paper, the effects of alloying elements on ADI mechanical properties, microstructural changes, two-stage austempering reactions, processing windows, austemperability, and other aspects are reviewed.

Elemental Composition and Geochemical Characteristics of Iron-Manganese Nodules in Main Soils of China

Elemental composition and geochemical characteristics of iron-manganese nodules from nine main soils in China were studied by chemical and multivariate statistical analyses to better understand the reactions and functions of iron-manganese nodules in soils and sediment. Compared to the corresponding soils, Mn, Ba, Cd, Co and Pb had strong accumulation, Ni had moderate accumulation, while Ca, Cu, Fe, Na, P, Sr and Zn accumulated to a minor degree in the iron-manganese nodules. In contrast, Si, Al, K, Mg and Ti were reduced in the iron-manganese nodules. The contents of Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were positively and significantly correlated with that of MnO2 in the iron-manganese nodules, while the contents of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were positively and significantly correlated with that of Fe2O3 in soils. Based on a principle component analysis, the elements of iron-manganese nodules were divided into four groups: 1) Mn, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Li, Ni, Pb and Zn that were associated with Mn oxides, 2) Fe, Cr and P that were associated with Fe oxides, 3) Si, K, and Mg that were included in the elemental composition of phyllosilicate, and 4) Ca, Na, Al and Ti that existed in todorokite, birnessite, lithiophorite and phyllosilicate. It was suggested that accumulation, mineralization and specific adsorption were involved in the formation processes of soil iron-manganese nodules.

Examination of Sarikaya(Yozgat-Turkey) iron mineralization with rare earth element(REE) method

Iron mineralizations in the study area are found in amphibolites in the localities of Buyukoren,Uzunkuyu-Atkayasi,and Karabacak and they display a predominantly banded texture.Their paragenesis is dominated by magnetite and hematite.In this study,iron mineralizations in Sarikaya were examined in terms of rare earth element(REE) contents and attempts were made to determine some physicochemical conditions that had an impact upon their formation.For this purpose,42 ore samples and 17 enriched magnetite samples...

Effect of RE Elements on the Morphology of Carbides and the Impact Fatigue Properties of the Low Cr White Cast Iron

An apparatus of zone melting unidirectional solidification with a steep temperature gradient and an impact fatigue tester were used.The effect of RE elements on the morphology of carbides and the impact fatigue properties of the low Cr white cast iron were investigated.Experimental results showed that the modi- fying effect of RE elements was remarkable on the M3C carbides.With the addition of RE elements in the low Cr iron,a lot of plate-like carbides were transformed into lath-like and rod-like ones.The higher the content of RE elements was,the more was the fraction of the lath-like and rod-like carbides.In the low Cr white cast iron,the RE modifying agent can efficiently increase the impact fatigue resistance and decrease the crack growth rate and delay the time of incipient cracking.With the increase of the content of RE elements in the low Cr cast iron,the impact fatigue resistance increased greatly and the crack growth rate decreased rap- idly.

EFFECT OF TRACE ELEMENTS WITH ZERO SELF－INTERACTIONCOEFFICIENT ON CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATUREOF IRON CARBON ALLOYS

The effect of trace elements with zero self-interaction coefficient on crystallization temperature of iron carbon alloys was studied and the mathematic equation was developed based on thermodynamics in the present researeh. With the equation developed in this paper, the effects of nitrogen on crystallization temperature of Fe-3.45C-2.15Si0. 16Mn and Fe-3.45C-2. 15Si-0. 80Mn alloys were discussed.

The 5’-Untranslated Region of the C9orf72 mRNA Exhibits a Phylogenetic Alignment to the Cis-Aconitase Iron-Responsive Element;Novel Therapies for Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis

The hexanucleotide repeat mutation in the intron-1 of the chromosome 9 open reading frame (C9orf72) is a frequent cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Altered RNA folding plays a role in ALS pathogenesis in two ways: non-ATG translation of the repeat can lead to aggregates of the known C9orf72 specific dipeptide polymer, whereas the repeat also can form neurotoxic RNA inclusions that dose-responsively kill motor neurons. We report the presence of a homology in the 5’untranslated region (UTR) of the messenger RNA encoding C9orf72 with the iron responsive elements (IRE) that control expression of iron-associated transcripts and predict that this RNA structure may iron-dependently regulate C9orf72 translation. We previously report altered serum ferritin levels track with severity of ALS in patients. Here, we conduct bioinformatics analyses to determine the secondary structure of the 5’UTR in C9orf72 mRNA and find it aligned with IREs in the human mitochondrial cis-aconitase and L and H-ferritin transcripts. Comparison of the role of RNA repeats in Friedriech’s ataxia and fragile X mental retardation suggests the utility of RNA based therapies for treatment of ALS. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) have been reported to therapeutically target these GGGGCC repeats. At the same time, because the function of C9orf72 is unknown, knockdown strategies carry some risk of inducing or compounding haploinsufficiency. We propose, for consideration, an approach that may enhance its therapeutic dynamic range by increasing the 5’UTR driven translation of C9orf72 protein to compensate for any potential ALS-specific or ASO-induced haploinsufficieny.

Geochemical characteristics and genesis of volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks from porphyrite-type iron deposits in Ningwu metallogenic province,eastern China:Constraints from elements

Ningwu porphyrite-type iron deposits are located in Ningwu Mesozoic volcanic basin,which belongs to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River metallogenic province.The volcanic rocks can be divided into Longwangshan,Dawangshan,Gushan and Niangniangshan Formations from early to late.All these volcanic rocks are rich in alkali,and show the similar patterns in rare earth element(REE) distribution.However,some differences can be found in the trace elements and REE patterns.The study of petrology and REE geochemical characteristics shows that these rocks are derived from the underplating of the lithospheric mantle and are contaminated by crustal materials,undergo AFC process during the magmatic evolution.

Ion Probe Study of Silicate Inclusions from Colomera （IIE） Iron Meteorite： the Rare Earth Element Perspective

Coupled with a petrographical study, I carried out an ion probe study of rare earth element microdistributions in mineral phases of silicate inclusions from the Colomera ⅡE iron meteorite. Most mineral grains have homogeneous REEs, but show considerable inter-grain variations by a factor of 2 to 100. The whole rock REE abundances for Colomera, estimated by combining REE data with modal abundances, are relatively LREE-enriched with REEs of -10'CI, which suggest that Colomera silicates were highly differentiated and might represent a low degree partial melt (-10%) of a chondritic source. REE geochemistry of Colomera silicate inclusions points to an origin that involves differentiation, dynamic mixing, remelting, reduction, recrystallization, and subsequent rapid cooling near the surface of a planetary body.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE METAL MULTIDIE IRONING PROCESS

Taking double-die ironing for example, the plastic deformation behavior of theworkpiece in multidie ironing process is analysed by the rigid-plastic finite element method(RPFEM).Considering the strain hardening of the material, the distrbutions of the effective strainrate and hydrostatic stress are obtained. Calculated results and the effect of die argles on thedeformation and ironing force are discussed. The companrson of calculated results with thcoe of ex-poriment shows a good agreement.

辽宁弓长岭富铁矿成矿过程元素迁移特征研究

辽宁弓长岭富铁矿是我国规模最大且唯一具有工业开采价值的沉积变质型(BIF)磁铁矿富矿床,目前其成因仍存在争议。本文系统采集了弓长岭二矿区四层铁中典型贫铁矿石和富铁矿石样品进行地球化学成分分析,采用质量平衡计算方法探究了弓长岭富铁矿形成过程中的元素迁移变化规律。结果表明,(1)主量元素主要表现为TFe_(2)O_(3)的强烈富集和SiO_(2)的强烈亏损且二者存在明显的负相关关系,同时伴有地球化学性质活泼的碱金属和碱土金属如Na、K、Ca和Mg等迁出,而P_(2)O_(5)、BaO和Cr_(2)O_(3)在富铁矿石中相对富集,应与富铁矿成矿流体性质有关;(2)微量元素中高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、U表现为富集,Ce、Th、Zr等元素亏损,而Hf、Ti等元素变化不明显;大离子亲石元素(LILE)Ba和Cs表现为富集,而Rb和Sr亏损,说明弓长岭富铁矿与其蚀变围岩中Nb、Ta等稀有金属矿化是同一地质作用的产物;(3)稀土元素中La、Ce、Pr、Nd等轻稀土亏损明显,而其它稀土元素,特别是重稀土元素均明显富集。综合主量、微量及稀土元素的迁移规律,认为弓长岭富铁矿成矿作用可能与花岗质岩浆活动有关。

涡旋压缩机平衡铁结构对阻力矩的影响研究

针对涡旋压缩机平衡铁随主轴旋转时产生的阻力损失问题,提出了圆角结构及机翼型结构平衡铁。运用Fluent有限元分析软件,结合滑移网格技术对平衡铁工作区域模拟,研究了3种不同结构平衡铁所受的压差阻力矩和摩擦阻力矩,对比分析了不同结构产生的阻力矩大小。结果表明:压差阻力矩占总阻力矩的90%以上,总阻力矩随转速的增大而增大;相对于样机平衡铁,前后端面为圆角的平衡铁总阻力矩减小了30%~50%之间;机翼型平衡铁总阻力矩减小了55%~65%之间。

玢岩型铁矿床尾矿中磷、稀土战略性矿产资源调查与综合利用研究:以安徽凹山矿田为例

玢岩型铁矿床是铁矿石的重要来源,其除了赋存巨量铁矿资源外,还以产出大量磷灰石为特征,伴生大量的磷、稀土、钒等资源。20世纪,矿业开发大多只回收主要矿种铁,对伴生资源的评价和综合利用较少。文章以凹山玢岩型铁矿田尾矿库为研究对象,开展伴生资源调查评价和综合利用示范研究。通过系统钻探采样、矿物组合分析、元素赋存状态和综合利用实验等研究,文章揭示出尾矿库中经济矿物为磷灰石,可综合利用资源为磷和稀土,并估算尾矿库中磷储量超过115万t、稀土5万t,社会和经济效益巨大,可作为范例进一步研究并推广应用。

基于缺铁诊断指标筛选的猕猴桃叶片黄化诱因分析

[目的]筛选适宜的缺铁诊断指标,据此分析导致陕西关中地区猕猴桃园叶片黄化的主要因子,并利用施肥矫治试验对该因子进行验证,为猕猴桃叶片黄化防控提供理论依据。[方法]在陕西关中地区,依据叶片黄化后土施Fe-EDDHA可以复绿确定了3个缺铁猕猴桃果园,采集当年强旺营养枝顶端第2~3个叶片,共采集不同黄化度叶片64份,缺铁叶片样品的黄化度以SPAD值表征,将SPAD值与5个缺铁诊断指标进行相关分析。在关中地区选择5个健康果园、80个出现不同程度黄化症状的猕猴桃果园,采集叶片样品,将黄化果园叶片按照黄化程度分为绿叶、轻度黄化叶和重度黄化叶,测定12种元素、活性铁和硝态氮含量及SPAD值,并将其与SPAD值进行相关分析。在85个果园各采集1份土壤样品,分析其基础理化性状。选择两个黄化果园进行施肥矫治效果验证。[结果]64份缺铁黄化叶片中,鲜样邻二氮菲浸提铁与其SPAD值的相关性明显高于干样全铁、0.1 mol/L盐酸浸提铁、1 mol/L盐酸浸提铁和鲜样1 mol/L盐酸浸提铁,说明鲜样邻二氮菲浸提铁最适于猕猴桃缺铁的黄化诊断。健康园绿叶和黄化园绿叶中所测的12种元素、活性铁和硝态氮含量均无显著差异。SPAD和邻二氮菲浸提铁含量的顺序为黄化园绿叶>轻度黄化叶>重度黄化叶,而叶片硝态氮、磷、钾和硼含量则相反。轻度和重度黄化叶钙、全铁和锰含量低于绿叶。相关分析表明,猕猴桃叶片SPAD与叶片邻二氮菲浸提铁、全铁、锰和钙含量正相关,而与叶片钾、磷、硝态氮、全氮、硼、铜等含量负相关。随机森林和通径分析进一步表明,与猕猴桃叶片黄化关系最密切的指标为邻二氮菲浸提铁、钾及硝态氮。线性加平台函数拟合表明,邻二氮菲浸提铁5.084 mg/kg是猕猴桃叶片缺铁黄化诊断的临界值。土壤分析结果表明,黄化园土壤pH和碳酸氢根含量均偏高,而速效钾和硝态氮含量均适宜,说明土壤重碳酸盐诱发缺铁很可能是导致叶片黄化的主要原因。与健康园相比,黄化园土壤阳离子交换量偏低,说明叶片黄化还与土壤阳离子交换能力不足有关。施用Fe-EDDHA和蓝铁矿[Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)·8H_(2)O]均可提高叶片SPAD和邻二氮菲浸提铁含量,降低叶片钾和硝态氮含量,从而矫治猕猴桃叶片缺铁黄化。[结论]叶片鲜样中邻二氮菲铁最适于猕猴桃缺铁黄化诊断,其临界浓度为5.084 mg/kg。陕西关中地区猕猴桃园叶片黄化主要是由土壤重碳酸盐诱发缺铁所致,且与土壤阳离子交换能力不足有关;黄化叶中钾和硝态氮的累积是由缺铁造成的。因此,生产上应注意黄化园铁肥的补充和土壤阳离子交换能力的提升。

某选铁尾矿有价元素回收及资源化利用

“双碳”背景下,尾矿综合利用技术已进入新阶段,不仅可以通过选矿回收尾矿中的有价元素,同时以尾矿粉用作水泥混凝土掺合料的尾矿资源化利用技术也具有发展前景。本文以选铁尾矿为对象,先通过选矿工艺回收其中有价元素,再探究选矿过程产生的<5 mm细粒级尾矿粉用作掺合料置换水泥的可行性。试验结果表明:该尾矿经破碎筛分到合适粒度后,通过磁选可以得到铁品位为32.44%、回收率为35.03%的铁精矿;再用<5 mm细粒级尾矿粉用作掺合料置换水泥,当替代率为10%时得到的混凝土力学性能保持稳定,抗压强度达到未掺混凝土的95%以上,抗折强度达到未掺混凝土的99%以上。本文创新性地将选矿回收与混凝土原料制备相结合,既富集回收了铁精矿,避免了资源浪费,同时也缓解了铁尾矿堆积造成的环境污染问题,整体实现了该选铁尾矿中有价元素的回收及资源化利用,为该类型资源的综合利用提供一定依据和技术指导。

铁还原细菌矿化产物及其对铁建造沉积的指示意义

铁还原细菌是微生物诱导矿化的典范之一,它可以利用有机质或氢气作为电子供体还原三价铁,并在细胞外矿化形成多种含铁矿物,比如磁铁矿、菱铁矿、蓝铁矿和绿锈等矿物,从而广泛参与自然界中铁元素的生物地球化学循环过程。本文主要介绍铁还原细菌矿化产物的矿物特征、形成条件和影响因素。此外,通过实验室内建立严格厌氧的环境体系,以与微量元素共沉淀的水合氧化铁为底物,本研究分别利用Feap2+和铁还原细菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-4合成非生物成因和生物成因的磁铁矿,结果发现微量元素的存在会改变磁铁矿的形貌和粒径。结合前人提出的微生物可能参与铁建造沉积的过程,本文评估了微量元素作为识别矿物成因指标的有效性,探讨铁还原细菌矿化产物对铁建造沉积的潜在贡献。

铁盐淋洗剂对稀土污染土壤的淋洗修复研究

稀土矿的大量开采,加剧了土壤污染,危害居民健康。本研究采用不同三价铁盐(Fe^(2)(SO_(4))_(3)、Fe(NO_(3))_(3)和FeCl_(3))对稀土污染的农田土壤进行淋洗修复,同时对比其他无机盐(亚铁盐、镁盐、铵盐和钠盐)的淋洗效果;并研究三价铁盐淋洗剂浓度、液固比和淋洗时间对稀土元素(REE)去除效果的影响。结果表明,三价铁盐对REE的淋洗率高达41.7%~54.3%,显著高于其他无机盐(0.2%~26.8%);三价铁盐的最佳淋洗时间为1440 min,当淋洗剂浓度从5 mmol/L增加到50 mmol/L的过程中,土壤中REE淋洗率显著增加,淋洗率随淋洗液固比(1∶1~5∶1)的升高而增加,其中,淋洗剂浓度对REE去除率的促进作用显著大于液固比。在优化淋洗条件下,Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)对REE的淋洗率为54.3%,显著高于Fe(NO_(3))_(3)(46.1%)和FeCl_(3)(41.7%),这主要是由于REE^(3+)与SO_(4)^(2−)易发生络合,促进了REE的溶出。三价铁盐对土壤中REE的高效去除,主要是由于酸解作用、较强的阳离子交换能力,以及阴离子配体与稀土元素的络合作用。此外,三价铁盐对MREE的去除效率显著高于LREE土和HREE,表现出明显的分异特征。上述研究可为稀土污染土壤的修复治理提供指导与借鉴。

Cu-20%Fe粉末异步轧制有限元模拟及工艺参数影响规律

为研究高铁含量铜铁粉末异步轧制的成形规律及合理选取工艺参数,应用Shima-Oyane屈服准则,在MSC.Marc有限元软件中建立粉末轧制有限元模型,通过实验验证了该模型的有效性。利用仿真结合轧制实验方法分析了异速比、压下率、轧制速度、轧辊直径及辊面摩擦系数等工艺参数对生坯相对密度和轧制力的影响规律。结果表明:相较于粉末对称轧制,采用异步的方式能显著减小轧制力,提高生坯密度分布均匀性;过大的压下率和轧辊直径分别会对生坯造成边裂和缠辊等不良影响,过低的压下率和摩擦系数导致生坯不能顺利轧制成形。实验结果与有限元模拟结果相符,相对密度模拟结果最大误差为3.89%,轧制力模拟结果最大误差为9.49%,研究结果对铜铁粉末异步轧制成形工艺优化有较好的借鉴价值。

典型铜熔炼渣铜铁元素分布特征及回收技术研究现状

铜熔炼渣是原生矿铜冶炼过程中产生的主要固体废物,其产量约为粗铜产量的2-3倍,其中的Cu、Fe等金属元素具有回收价值。目前铜渣处理面临着Cu、Fe协同回收难、Fe元素利用率低、回收能耗高、尾渣难以全质化高值化利用等技术难题,近年来行业内技术人员有针对性地开展了大量研究工作。本文围绕多种典型铜渣矿物学基础特性,Cu、Fe元素回收工艺等方向梳理了部分研究成果,总结了不同类型回收技术的基本原理及优缺点,展望了铜渣中Cu、Fe元素回收的未来发展方向。

中国铁矿床伴生关键金属:基本特征、分布规律及资源潜力

关键金属对于国家高精尖科技发展具有举足轻重的地位。近年来,随着科技革命推进和新兴产业发展,许多国家对关键金属资源的争夺愈加激烈。中国战略性关键金属与“四稀金属”大致对应,主要以伴生形式赋存于各种类型的矿床中。铁矿是中国分布最广泛、研究最成熟的金属矿产之一,但以往的研究主要注重于铁矿床类型及成因的研究,对其伴生的关键金属研究程度不够。文章通过对大量文献开展深入调研工作,系统地总结了中国铁矿床中关键金属的基本特征和时空分布规律,并初步评价了铁矿床中关键金属的资源潜力。研究结果显示,铁矿作为大宗金属矿产主要伴生REE、Sc、Nb、Ta、PGE、Co、Ni、Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、Te、Re等关键金属以及Mn、Ti、V等有色金属;中国伴生关键金属铁矿床主要划分为5个成矿区:扬子地台西缘成矿区、长江中下游成矿区、鲁西成矿区、华北准地台北缘成矿区和白乃庙-东升庙成矿区。对铁矿床中伴生关键金属的赋存状态和超常富集机制的深入研究,将为关键金属资源综合利用和找矿勘查提供参考,并提高中国战略性关键金属资源储备和国际竞争力。