Arsenic(III) Remediation from Contaminated Water by Oxidation and Fe/Al Co-Precipitation

Battery grade γ-MnO2 powder was investigated as an oxidant and an adsorbent in combination with Fe/Al coagulants for removal of arsenic from contaminated water. Simultaneous oxidation of As(III) and removal by coprecipitation/adsorption (one step process) was compared with pre-oxidation and subsequent removal by coprecipitation/adsorption (two step process). The rate of As(III) oxidation with MnO2 is completed in two stages: rapid initially followed by a first order reaction. As(III) is oxidised to As(V) by the MnO2 with a release of approximately 1:1 molar Mn(II) into the solution. No significant pH effect on oxidation of As(III) was observed in the pH range 4 - 6. The rate showed a decreasing trend above pH 6. The removal of As(V) by adsorption on the MnO2 decreased significantly with increasing pH from 4 to 8. The adsorption capacity of the γ-MnO2 with particle size 90% passing 10 μm was determined to be 1.5 mg/g at pH 7. MnO2 was found to be more effective as an oxidant for As(III) in the two step process than in the one step process.

Effect of microbial mediated iron plaque reduction on arsenic mobility in paddy soil

The potential of microbial mediated iron plaque reduction, and associated arsenic （As） mobility were examined by iron reducing bacteria enriched from As contaminated paddy soil. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report the impact of microbial iron plaque reduction on As mobility. Iron reduction occurred during the inoculation of iron reducing enrichment culture in the treatments with iron plaque and ferrihydrite as the electron acceptors, respectively. The Fe（II） concentration with the treatment of anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonic acid （AQDS） and iron reducing bacteria increased much faster than the control. Arsenic released from iron plaque with the iron reduction, and a significant correlation between Fe（II） and total As in culture was observed. However, compared with control, the increasing rate of As was inhibited by iron reducing bacteria especially in the presence of AQDS. In addition, the concentrations of As（III） and As（V） in abiotic treatments were higher than those in the biotic treatments at day 30. These results indicated that both microbial and chemical reductions of iron plaque caused As release from iron plaque to aqueous phase, however, microbial iron reduction induced the formation of more crystalline iron minerals, leading to As sequestration. In addition, the presence of AQDS in solution can accelerate the iron reduction, the As release from iron plaque and subsequently the As retention in the crystalline iron mineral. Thus, our results suggested that it is possible to remediate As contaminated soils by utilizing iron reducing bacteria and AQDS.

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic(Ⅴ) adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The test results indicate that chloride, nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects, and that selenium（Ⅳ） （Se（Ⅳ）） and vanadium（Ⅴ） （V（Ⅴ）） showed slight effects on the adsorption of As（Ⅴ） with Fe2O3. The results also showed that adsorption of As（Ⅴ） on A12O3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions, but slightly by Se（Ⅳ） and V（Ⅴ） ions. Unlike the adsorption of As（Ⅴ） with Fe2O3, that with Fe2O3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions. Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As（Ⅴ） adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Compared to the other tested anions, phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As（Ⅴ） adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. In general, Fe2O3 has a better performance than Al2O3 in removal of As（Ⅴ） within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.

Application of iron and silicon fertilizers reduces arsenic accumulation by two Ipomoea aquatica varities

A 45 d pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of silicon fertilizer or iron fertilizer on the growth of two typical Ipomoea aquatica cultivars（Daye and Liuye） and arsenic（As） accumuation of Daye and Liuye grown in As-contaminated soils at different As dosage levels. The results showed that the application of these two fertilizers generally enhanced the growth of the plants, which may be partly attributable to the reduction in As toxicity. The addition of these two fertilizers also significantly reduced the uptake of As by the plants though the iron fertilizer was more effective, as compared to the silicon fertilizer. The accumulation of As in shoot portion was weaker for Daye than for Liuye. The research findings obtained from this study have implications for developing cost-effective management strategies to minimize human health impacts from consumption of As-containing I. aquatica.

Effect of arsenic content and quenching temperature on solidification microstructure and arsenic distribution in iron–arsenic alloys

The solidification microstructure, grain boundary segregation of soluble arsenic, and characteristics of arsenic-rich phases were systematically investigated in Fe-As alloys with different arsenic contents and quenching temperatures. The results show that the solidifica- tion microstructures of Fe-0.5wt%As alloys consist of irregular ferrite, while the solidification microstructures of Fe-4wt% As and Fe-10wt%As alloys present the typical dendritic morphology, which becomes finer with increasing arsenic content and quenching temperature. In Fe-0.5wt%As alloys quenched from 1600 and 1200℃, the grain boundary segregation of arsenic is detected by transmission electron microscopy. In Fe-4wt%As and Fe-10wt%As alloys quenched from 1600 and 1420℃, a fully divorced eutectic morphology is observed, and the eutectic Fe2As phase distributes discontinuously in the interdendritic regions. In contrast, the eutecfic morphology of Fe-10wt%As alloy quenched from 1200℃ is fibrous and forms a continuous network structure. Furthermore, the area fraction of the eutectic Fe2As phase in Fe-4wt%As and Fe-10wt%As alloys increases with increasing arsenic content and decreasing quenching temperature.

Iron-Modification of Pyroclastic Material from PCCVC Eruption (Chile): Characterization and Application to Remove Arsenic from Groundwater

Pyroclastic material from the PCCVC eruption (Chile) was modified with iron (III) solutions leading to the formation of ferrihydrite surface deposits. The aim of the chemical treatment was to prepare an adsorbent to remove arsenic from water by using low-cost mineral wastes. Physicochemical characterization of original and modified materials was carried out by XRD, BET-N2 adsorption, SEM-EDS microscopy and ICP-AES chemical analysis. The modified ash revealed that the increase of bulk iron content was close to 5% (expressed as Fe2O3) whereas surface values were 20.6% Fe2O3. Surface properties showed an increase of BET specific surface with prevalence of mesopores and an increase of total pore volume attributed to presence of nanoscopic iron phase. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were directed to optimize the operative conditions related to the material adsorptive capacity for removing arsenate species. Hence, the adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, stirring and sedimentation were evaluated in batch process. The optimal adsorption dose was 40 g ·L-1 and the solid-liquid contact time was stirring (1 h) and sedimentation (23 h), enough to ensure an adequate turbidity value valid for a pH range between 3.77 and 8.95. The analysis of the isotherm equilibrium by using the Langmuir linear method showed a R2 = 0.995 value. The performance of the treatment to remove arsenic by using a cost-effective adsorbent prepared from volcanic material is a promising technology to apply in the environmental field.

Absorption Studies of Arsenic Using Maghemite Crystals Synthesized from Iron Waste Extracted from Ogun State Iron Mill Dumpsite

This paper outlines the synthesis of maghemite from raw iron waste obtained in an iron mill dumpsite around Ogun state, Nigeria. Magnetite was synthesized from the ferrous precursor obtained by digesting the iron waste with concentrated H2SO4. Transformation of magnetite to maghemite was done by heating the magnetite obtained in an oven at 200°C. To determine the absorption capacity of the synthesized maghemite sample, a stock solution of As(III) was used for the absorption. Absorption spectrum shows higher absorption of γ-Fe3O4 at higher concentration of As(III). Maximum absorption obtained is 14 mg/g. Estimated yield of γ-Fe3O4 was 32%;however a low, further study promises to improve the yield value. The study shows γ-Fe3O4 to be a good absorbent for heavy metals.

Correlation between Iron Reducibility in Natural and Iron-Modified Clays and Its Adsorptive Capability for Arsenic Removal

The study reports aspects that allowed to correlate structural and redox properties of iron species deposited on clay minerals with the capacity of geomaterials for arsenic removal. Natural ferruginous clays as well as an iron-poor clay chemically modified with Fe(III) salt (ferrihydrite species) were investigated as adsorbents of the arsenate(V) in water. The study, carried out from minerals from abundant Argentinean deposits, was conducted with the aid of different techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman Spectroscopy, ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma) chemical analysis and Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR). This last technique allowed to detect availability of iron species in oxidic environment with different structural complexity and to determine active sites, accessible for arsenate(V) adsorption. The effect was observed through temperature dependence of the first Fe(III) reduction step (below 570°C) of iron-oxide species. The sequence of reducibility: ferrihydrite > hydrous oxide (goethite) > anhydrous oxide (hematite) > structural iron in clay was in agreement with the availability of iron active sites for the reducing process as well as for the arsenate adsorption. The important role of very high iron content in original samples was also observed. The chemical activation of iron-poor clay by a simple and feasible modification with Fe(III) solutions promoted the deposition of the ferrihydrite active phase with an increase of 2.81% (expressed as Fe2O3) respect to the original content of 1.07%, constituting an accessible and eco-friendly technological alternative to solve the environmental problem of water containing arsenic.

Sorption Kinetic of Arsenate as Water Contaminant on Zero Valent Iron

This study investigates the sorption of arsenate from water using zero-valent iron ZVI as sorbent. Batch experiments were carried out to study the sorption kinetics of arsenate under different concentrations of arsenate varies from 0.5 to 200 mg/l. A kinetic model was considered to describe the arsenates sorption on ZVI material. The kinetics of the arsenate sorption processes were described by the Langmuir kinetic model. The sorption capacity increases with high initial concentration which obtained the maximum sorption 2.1 mg/g at 200 mg/l of arsenate initial concentration. The results show that the rapid initial sorption rates of arsenate were occurred at the beginning of experiments running time, followed by a slower removal that gradually approaches an equilibrium condition. The data from laboratory batch experiments were used to verify the simulation results of the kinetic model resulting in good agreement between measured and modeled results. The results indicate that ZVI could be employed as sorbent materials to enhance the sorption processes and increase the removal rate of arsenate from water.

Groundwater arsenic poisoning in a primary educational institution:health risks to school-going children

This study aimed to estimate arsenic(As)and iron(Fe)content in tubewell water(n=58)in primary educational institutions and subsequently assess the health risks to school-going children.Results described that the As concentration ranged between 0.002 and 0.994 mg L^(-1)with an average value of 0.044 mg L^(-1);which exceeded the World Health Organization(WHO)provisional guideline value of 0.01 mg L^(-1).Similarly,the Fe content varied from 0.05 to 10 mg L^(-1)averaging to 2.84 mg L^(-1).Samples of 55.17%contained a greater As concentration than0.01 mg L^(-1)and 18.97%greater than Bangladesh drinking water quality(BDWQ)standard of 0.05 mg L^(-1),respectively.Meanwhile,75.86%of samples contained a higher Fe concentration than the maximum Bangladesh permissible limit of 1 mg L^(-1).Health risk assessment indicated that girls are more vulnerable than boys are.The average hazard quotients(HQs)for As intake through drinking water were 6.01±17.85 and 7.41±22.03 for boys and girls,respectively,implying non-carcinogenic health risks to both genders.The HQs for Fe intake were less than threshold value of 1 indicating no health issues may arise from Fe intake alone.However,consumption of As and Fe may trigger health risks to students as indicated by the hazard index(HI),which was higher than 1.The average cancer risk(CR)values for both boys(0.0027±0.008)and girls(0.0033±0.0099)exceeded the threshold limit of 10-6-10-4,suggesting a possibility of lifetime cancer risks to the school-going children.Consequently,school authorities should find alternative ways to ensure safe drinking water for school-going children to avoid possible cancer and non-cancer health risks through consumption of As-poisoning water.

Mechanism research on arsenic removal from arsenopyrite ore during a sintering process

The mechanism of arsenic removal during a sintering process was investigated through experiments with a sintering pot and arsenic-bearing iron ore containing arsenopyrite; the corresponding chemical properties of the sinter were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). The experimental results revealed that the reaction of arsenic removal is mainly related to the oxygen atmosphere and temperature. During the sintering process,arsenic could be removed in the ignition layer,the sinter layer,and the combustion zone. A portion of Fe As S reacted with excess oxygen to generate Fe AsO_4,and the rest of the Fe As S reacted with oxygen to generate As_2O_3(g) and SO_2(g). A portion of As_2O_3(g) mixed with Al_2O_3 or CaO,which resulted in the formation of arsenates such as AlAsO_4 and Ca_3(AsO_4)_2,leading to arsenic residues in sintering products. The Fe As S component in the blending ore was difficult to decompose in the preliminary heating zone,the dry zone,or the bottom layer because of the relatively low temperatures; however,As_2O3(g) that originated from the high-temperature zone could react with metal oxides,resulting in the formation of arsenate residues.

长江中游牛轭湖湿地含水层沉积物中铁和有机质组成对砷赋存形态的影响

以长江中游天鹅洲故道牛轭湖湿地为研究对象,研究了长江中游牛轭湖湿地内外侧C3、C5两个典型钻孔沉积物中砷、铁赋存形态和有机质组成差异,并结合内外侧沉积环境的差异,查明了牛轭湖湿地内外侧不同沉积环境中铁-有机质耦合作用对含水层沉积物中砷赋存形态的影响。结果表明:牛轭湖湿地外侧C3钻孔0~<10m浅层沉积物中含有更多的吸附在无定形铁氧化物和腐殖质类有机质上的强吸附态砷,牛轭湖湿地内侧C5钻孔沉积物中含有更多与硅酸盐铁结合的低活性砷;牛轭湖湿地外侧浅层沉积物中富含黏土矿物以及粒径偏细、风化程度较高的湖相沉积环境使得铁-有机质-砷共同富集,牛轭湖湿地内侧沉积物粒径偏粗、风化程度偏低的河流相沉积环境不利于活性砷和黏土矿物、有机质的赋存。

工业场地铊、砷污染土壤修复技术研究

研究开发了一种工业场地铊和砷污染土壤修复技术。采用常见的氯化钾、氯化锰、氢氧化钾、膨胀珍珠岩和磷石膏,经过等温等离子体处理等一系列化学反应,制备了一种铁锰基混合粉的修复药剂,该药剂制备过程简单且具有强氧化性和强吸附性。实验结果表明,在修复时间为7 d,修复药剂中氯化锰与氯化铁物质的量比为3∶10,膨胀珍珠岩粉末与氯化铁锰固液比为25∶100,磷石膏与铁锰基混合粉质量比为3∶10的条件下,处理污染土壤,铊、砷的稳定效率分别达到99.21%和99.68%。此外,通过BCR法对土壤中铊、砷的形态分析显示,修复后土壤中铊、砷主要以残渣态存在,显著降低了其对环境的潜在危害。本研究为工业场地重金属污染土壤的修复提供了一种高效、环保的解决方案。

三级耦合技术处理含砷废水工程实例

以某光伏企业为例,以砷为主要考察指标,设计“板框压滤+砷铁共沉淀+活性砂过滤”三级耦合工艺,应用于含砷废水预处理。介绍该工艺技术特点,并给出主要构筑物的技术参数,阐述工艺控制要点及系统运行情况,分析运行效果。工程运行结果表明,该工艺可有效去除总砷,出水水质稳定达标。

含砷铜渣中砷的分离与固化

砷是锌冶炼过程中的有害杂质元素,不仅制约着锌冶炼的顺利和安全生产,同时也影响企业的经济效益。云南某锌冶炼企业采用“SO_(2)还原浸出—铁粉沉铜”工艺处理锌冶炼浸出渣后所得铜砷渣砷含量高,为降低铜砷渣中砷的含量和提高铜渣的计价系数,采用“SO_(2)还原浸出—铁粉沉铜”工艺铁粉沉铜后的溶液为浸出剂,将含砷铜渣与含有一定浓度H_(2)SO_(4)及Fe^(2+)的铁粉沉铜后溶液以一定的液固比混合,用氧压浸出工艺进行处理,开展砷的分离与固化,深入研究关键技术参数对含砷铜渣中铜、砷浸出率,砷固化率以及固砷渣品质的影响规律。结果表明:含砷铜渣在初始硫酸浓度50 g/L、液固比5∶1、氧分压0.4 MPa、反应温度120℃、反应时间3 h的工艺条件下,可实现含砷铜渣中99%以上的铜和砷被浸出;含砷铜渣在铁砷质量比2.0、初始pH值1.0、液固比5∶1、氧分压0.4 MPa、反应温度120℃、反应时间3 h的固砷工艺条件下进行固砷处理,有价金属损失小,砷以稳定的臭葱石晶体固化,砷固化率98.23%,且臭葱石晶体结构良好、晶粒清晰、表面光滑、边缘整齐;固砷后的溶液经过锌粉置换沉铜,可产出含铜质量分数在70%以上的富铜渣,铜渣中铜的计价系数较除砷前提升13%,既实现了含砷铜渣中砷的分离与固化,降低了砷对环境的污染,又实现了企业的经济效益。研究结果可为锌冶炼含砷铜渣的高值化利用和砷的环境污染防治及环境风险防控提供参考。

可渗透反应墙除砷的研究进展与展望

砷类化合物造成的环境污染严重影响生态和人类健康,有效地去除和防治砷污染是当前工业发展中亟待解决的问题之一.基于原位修复的可渗透反应墙(PRB)技术具有低成本、高效能、可持续性和工艺简单等优点,利用PRB技术防治砷污染是一种绿色、经济又高效的选择.PRB中的填充材料是除砷的反应主体,因此总结了PRB除砷填充材料及其除砷性能与机理,包括黏土矿物、碳基材料、钙基材料、铁基材料和固体废弃物等.其中,铁基材料对砷物种的固定能力较其它材料更为突出,零价铁、铁矿物、废铁材料等铁基材料广泛应用于砷污染修复,廉价易得又高效的铁基材料是未来PRB除砷材料的重要研究方向.在此基础上,简要介绍了除砷PRB填充材料的实验研究与模拟,并通过PRB除砷工程或中试实验阐述了PRB的运行监测与砷污染治理效果,展望了PRB除砷材料和工程应用的发展前景与挑战,以促进我国地表径流砷污染治理PRB材料和技术的开发与进步.