Background: To our knowledge, there is little study on the interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure changes induced by different processing methods in dairy cattle. The objective of this stud...Background: To our knowledge, there is little study on the interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure changes induced by different processing methods in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat processing methods on interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure in terms of functional groups that are related to protein and starch inherent structure of oat grains with two continued years and three replication of each year.Method: The oat grains were kept as raw(control) or heated in an air-draft oven(dry roasting: DO) at 120 °C for 60 min and under microwave irradiation(MIO) for 6 min. The molecular structure features were revealed by vibrational infrared molecular spectroscopy.Results: The results showed that rumen degradability of dry matter, protein and starch was significantly lower(P 〈0.05) for MIO compared to control and DO treatments. A higher protein α-helix to β-sheet and a lower amide I to starch area ratio were observed for MIO compared to DO and/or raw treatment. A negative correlation(-0.99, P 〈 0.01)was observed between α-helix or amide I to starch area ratio and dry matter. A positive correlation(0.99, P 〈 0.01) was found between protein β-sheet and crude protein.Conclusion: The results reveal that oat grains are more sensitive to microwave irradiation than dry heating in terms of protein and starch molecular profile and nutrient availability in ruminants.展开更多
Nuclear technique is a powerful scientific tool in agricultural research, an area with fruitful achievements in China. Application of nuclear technique in agriculture (Nuclear Agricultural Sciences) based on the devel...Nuclear technique is a powerful scientific tool in agricultural research, an area with fruitful achievements in China. Application of nuclear technique in agriculture (Nuclear Agricultural Sciences) based on the development of related science and technology is a high-tech area, and also a significant aspect of non-electrical power application of nuclear technique. As an important component of agricultural science and technology, Nuclear technique application in agricultural field has achieved a lot and made remarkable contributions to the economic, social and ecological development of China. The current paper reviews the achievements, and presents the situation of the application of nuclear technique in the Chinese a-griculture briefly. The author strongly suggests that Chinese government should pay more attention to the study on the application of nuclear technique in agriculture, in order to promote its development and contribute more to the Chinese society and agriculture.展开更多
Azo dyes are commonly found as pollutants in wastewater from the textile industry,and can cause environmental problems because of their color and toxicity.The removal of a typical azo dye named C.I.Reactive Red 2(RR2...Azo dyes are commonly found as pollutants in wastewater from the textile industry,and can cause environmental problems because of their color and toxicity.The removal of a typical azo dye named C.I.Reactive Red 2(RR2) during low pressure ultraviolet(UV)/chlorine oxidation was investigated in this study.UV irradiation at 254 nm and addition of free chlorine provided much higher removal rates of RR2 and color than UV irradiation or chlorination alone.Increasing the free chlorine dose enhanced the removal efficiency of RR2 and color by UV/chlorine oxidation.Experiments performed with nitrobenzene(NB)or benzoic acid(BA) as scavengers showed that radicals(especially OH) formed during UV/chlorine oxidation are important in the RR2 removal.Addition of HCO_3^- and Cl^- to the RR2 solution did not inhibit the removal of RR2 during UV/chlorine oxidation.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Prairie Oat Grower Association(POGA)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC-federal government)Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair(PY)Program
文摘Background: To our knowledge, there is little study on the interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure changes induced by different processing methods in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat processing methods on interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure in terms of functional groups that are related to protein and starch inherent structure of oat grains with two continued years and three replication of each year.Method: The oat grains were kept as raw(control) or heated in an air-draft oven(dry roasting: DO) at 120 °C for 60 min and under microwave irradiation(MIO) for 6 min. The molecular structure features were revealed by vibrational infrared molecular spectroscopy.Results: The results showed that rumen degradability of dry matter, protein and starch was significantly lower(P 〈0.05) for MIO compared to control and DO treatments. A higher protein α-helix to β-sheet and a lower amide I to starch area ratio were observed for MIO compared to DO and/or raw treatment. A negative correlation(-0.99, P 〈 0.01)was observed between α-helix or amide I to starch area ratio and dry matter. A positive correlation(0.99, P 〈 0.01) was found between protein β-sheet and crude protein.Conclusion: The results reveal that oat grains are more sensitive to microwave irradiation than dry heating in terms of protein and starch molecular profile and nutrient availability in ruminants.
文摘Nuclear technique is a powerful scientific tool in agricultural research, an area with fruitful achievements in China. Application of nuclear technique in agriculture (Nuclear Agricultural Sciences) based on the development of related science and technology is a high-tech area, and also a significant aspect of non-electrical power application of nuclear technique. As an important component of agricultural science and technology, Nuclear technique application in agricultural field has achieved a lot and made remarkable contributions to the economic, social and ecological development of China. The current paper reviews the achievements, and presents the situation of the application of nuclear technique in the Chinese a-griculture briefly. The author strongly suggests that Chinese government should pay more attention to the study on the application of nuclear technique in agriculture, in order to promote its development and contribute more to the Chinese society and agriculture.
基金funded by the National High-tech R&D Program(863)of China(No.2013AA065205)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(No.JSGG20140703145428318)the National Science Fund of China(No.51138006)
文摘Azo dyes are commonly found as pollutants in wastewater from the textile industry,and can cause environmental problems because of their color and toxicity.The removal of a typical azo dye named C.I.Reactive Red 2(RR2) during low pressure ultraviolet(UV)/chlorine oxidation was investigated in this study.UV irradiation at 254 nm and addition of free chlorine provided much higher removal rates of RR2 and color than UV irradiation or chlorination alone.Increasing the free chlorine dose enhanced the removal efficiency of RR2 and color by UV/chlorine oxidation.Experiments performed with nitrobenzene(NB)or benzoic acid(BA) as scavengers showed that radicals(especially OH) formed during UV/chlorine oxidation are important in the RR2 removal.Addition of HCO_3^- and Cl^- to the RR2 solution did not inhibit the removal of RR2 during UV/chlorine oxidation.