Objective: To investigate and analyze the irrational problems of common gastroenterology medications applied to gastroenterology patients during treatment, and to develop and implement countermeasures. Methods: This s...Objective: To investigate and analyze the irrational problems of common gastroenterology medications applied to gastroenterology patients during treatment, and to develop and implement countermeasures. Methods: This study included 60 patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology from January 2021 to December 2023 who were randomly divided into a control group (conventional drug management) and an observation group (targeted drug treatment), of 30 cases each. After the implementation of different management methods, the occurrence of irrational drug use and the incidence of adverse reactions between both groups were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence of irrational medication in the observation group (13.33%) was lower than that in the control group (40.00%) (P < 0.05). The occurrence of adverse reactions in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that of the control group (36.67%) after treatment (P < 0.05). The observation group had a higher level of satisfaction after treatment (90.00%) as compared to the control group (66.67%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of targeted drug treatment for gastroenterology patients reduced the incidence of irrational medication use, reduced adverse reactions, and improved patient satisfaction.展开更多
[Purpose]: The purpose of this study is to develop irrational belief test for nurses, and to examine reliability and validity. [Method]: In study 1, The Irrational belief test for nurses was developed based JIBT-20 (m...[Purpose]: The purpose of this study is to develop irrational belief test for nurses, and to examine reliability and validity. [Method]: In study 1, The Irrational belief test for nurses was developed based JIBT-20 (mori et al., 1994) of previous studies. And for the nurse (N = 96, 5 male, 91 female), carried out preliminary investigation, created the provisional version of the Irrational belief test for nurses, and examined factor structure and internal consistency. In study 2, for the nurse (N = 541, 21 male, 520 female) examined validity based on JIBT-20 (Japanese Irrational Belief Test), MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory), ATQ-R Japanese version (Automatic Thoughts Questionnare-Revised), and for the nurse (N = 91, 3 male, 88 female) examined a test-retest reliability four weeks afterward before long. [Result]: As a result of the explanatory factor analysis by a maximum likelihood estimation and promax rotation, 28-item 7 factors were extracted and was named a “patient belief”, “self-expectation”, “avoidance”, “self-inhibition”, “Ethical blame”, “helplessness”, and “dependence”. Moreover, as a result of conducting confirmation factor analysis, the hypothetical model obtained by explanatory factor analysis fitted (GFI = 0.89, AGFI = 0.86). About the reliability of the measure, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is 0.68 - 0.82, and a test-retest reliability is 0.64 and reliability is affirmed. About construct validity was checked correlation with JIBT-20, and about criterion validity was checked the correlation with MBI and ATQ-R Japanese-translation version. [Conclusion]: It is suggested that reliability and validity are verified and the irrational belief test for nurses is a useful measure. The developed test can be used to measure the irrational belief in the context of burnout in nurses.展开更多
Nonlinear dynamical systems with an irrational restoring force often occur in both science and engineering, and always lead to a barrier for conventional nonlinear techniques. In this paper, we have investigated the g...Nonlinear dynamical systems with an irrational restoring force often occur in both science and engineering, and always lead to a barrier for conventional nonlinear techniques. In this paper, we have investigated the global bifurcations and the chaos directly for a nonlinear system with irrational nonlinearity avoiding the conventional Taylor's expansion to retain the natural characteristics of the system. A series of transformations are proposed to convert the homoclinic orbits of the unperturbed system to the heteroclinic orbits in the new coordinate, which can be transformed back to the analytical expressions of the homoclinic orbits. Melnikov's method is employed to obtain the criteria for chaotic motion, which implies that the existence of homoclinic orbits to chaos arose from the breaking of homoclinic orbits under the perturbation of damping and external forcing. The efficiency of the criteria for chaotic motion obtained in this paper is verified via bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and numerical simulations. It is worthwhile noting that our study is an attempt to make a step toward the solution of the problem proposed by Cao Q J et al. (Cao Q J, Wiercigroch M, Pavlovskaia E E, Thompson J M T and Grebogi C 2008 Phil. Trans. R. Soe. A 366 635).展开更多
The intramolecular vibrational dynamics due to extremely irrational couplings is demonstrated by contrast to the resonance couplings, for the three-mode case of H2O as an example. The extremely irrational couplings ar...The intramolecular vibrational dynamics due to extremely irrational couplings is demonstrated by contrast to the resonance couplings, for the three-mode case of H2O as an example. The extremely irrational couplings are shown to impose such strong hindrance to intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) that they act as barriers. They restrict the direct action/energy transfer between the two stretching modes, though they allow the transfer between a stretching and a bending modes. In contrast, the resonance is more mediated by the bending mode and leads to chaotic IVR. It is also shown that there is a region in the dynamical space in which resonance and extremely irrational couplings coexist.展开更多
The larger the difference between the willingness scale of tobacco family farmers and the optimal scale of efficiency,the greater the degree of irrationality,and the higher the decision making risk.With the aid of DEA...The larger the difference between the willingness scale of tobacco family farmers and the optimal scale of efficiency,the greater the degree of irrationality,and the higher the decision making risk.With the aid of DEA model,this study calculated the optimal scale of efficiency of Guiyang tobacco family farms.Using the ratio of willingness scale and efficiency optimal scale,it measured the degree of irrationality of family farmers.In addition,with the help of multiple linear regression model,it explained the irrational decision making mechanism of family farmers.Finally,it made a portrait of farmers who tend to make irrational decisions,to find specific farmers and guide them in their production and operation,reduce the risk of planting scale decision making and stabilize the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.展开更多
The main aim of the article is to investigate the irrational and transcendental properties of certain real numbers by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system. The difference between the factorial...The main aim of the article is to investigate the irrational and transcendental properties of certain real numbers by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system. The difference between the factorial series and the factorial system is that the factorial series does not set an upper bound at a given place after the radix point, while in the factorial system (i – 1) is the maximal possible value for r<sub>i</sub> after the radix point. I give an extended definition of periodic numbers, and show the relationship between periodic and irrational numbers. I prove the transcendence of e by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system.展开更多
Edgar Allan Poe,a writer of American Romantic period,is a forerunner in the use of irrational narration,especially in his dark tales,opening up a new approach for literature.Whether from narration perspective,plot or ...Edgar Allan Poe,a writer of American Romantic period,is a forerunner in the use of irrational narration,especially in his dark tales,opening up a new approach for literature.Whether from narration perspective,plot or theme,The Black Cat,one of his masterpiece,is the typical manifestation of this narration.展开更多
Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narrat...Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narration technique or elements,The Black Cat is the best elucidation of such narration.Thus,this thesis is devoted to a condensed study of irrational narration in The Black Cat,holding views that Poe's contribution in promoting the development of American literature and continuing the American dream is profound and significant.展开更多
Emerging adulthood(EA)is a critical stage of life to develop and sustain a healthy lifestyle,which is also a time of vulnerability to poor physical and mental health outcomes.In this study,we conducted a path analysis...Emerging adulthood(EA)is a critical stage of life to develop and sustain a healthy lifestyle,which is also a time of vulnerability to poor physical and mental health outcomes.In this study,we conducted a path analysis(N=1326)to examine associations among four dimensions of EA,levels of regular physical activity(PA),self-control,MPA tendency and irrational procrastination.Results found:1)higher levels of PA predicted both MPA tendency(β=−0.08,95%CI:−0.11 to−0.06,p<0.001)and irrational procrastination(β=−0.01,95%CI:−0.17 to−0.008,p<0.01)indirectly via self-control;2)Instability(β=0.13,95%CI:0.08 to 0.18,p<0.01)and Responsibility(β=−0.06,95%CI:−0.10 to−0.08,p=0.03)exerted direct effects on irrational procrastination and Instability also indirectly predicted irrational procrastination via MPA tendency(β=0.03,95%CI:0.02 to 0.05,p<0.01).These findings proved that perceived features of EA are linked to behavioral problems and supported that regular PA plays a crucial role to protect mental health.展开更多
Background: This study, it was aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of patients who applied to a family health center about the rational use of drugs. Irrational use of drugs is a major ...Background: This study, it was aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of patients who applied to a family health center about the rational use of drugs. Irrational use of drugs is a major problem worldwide. WHO reports that half of the patients do not use their drugs correctly. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 October 2017 and 30 November 2018 at Istanbul Fatih Family Health Center No 7. The sample size was determined as 301 people selected by systematic sampling method from patients aged 18 and older. Results: The mean age of the participants was 53.8% ± 16.8%, 59.8% were female, 62.5% were married, and 52.5% were primary school graduates. 63.9% of the participants knew the names of the drugs they used, and 79.9% of them knew the indication for use. 89% of individuals check the expiry date of the drugs before using them, and 83.1% read the drug prospectus. 84% of the participants support the prohibition of using over-the-counter drugs. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of the participants about the rational use of drugs is above the societal average. However, some issues need more awareness. The high level of rational use of drugs awareness of physicians and pharmacists will also strengthen the rational use of drugs and indirectly increase the awareness of the public.展开更多
During the post-antibiotic golden age, it has seen a massive antibiotic/antibacterial production and an increase in irrational use of these few existing drugs in the medical and veterinary practice, food industries, t...During the post-antibiotic golden age, it has seen a massive antibiotic/antibacterial production and an increase in irrational use of these few existing drugs in the medical and veterinary practice, food industries, tissue cultures, agriculture and commercial ethanol production globally. The irrational drug use has been further exacerbated by the increased marketing and promotion of these drugs by the pharmaceutical companies thus increasing their accessibility in the public and hence their improper use. The lack of production and introduction of the newer and effective antibiotic/antibacterial drugs in clinical practice in the post-antibiotic golden age has seen an increase in the emergence of the resistant pathogenic bacterial infections creating a significant problem in the global health of humankind. The massive productions of the antibiotic/antibacterial drugs have contributed to the poor disposal of these drugs and hence many of them are discharged in various water bodies contributing to the environmental antibiotic/antibacterial drug pollution. In the environment, these drugs exert pressure on the environmental bacteria by destroying useful bacteria that are responsible for the recycling of the organic matter and as well as promoting the selection of the resistant pathogenic bacteria that can spread in human and animal population thus causing an increase in the observed bacterial disease burden and hence a significant global public health problem. The resistant bacterial diseases lead to the high cost, increased occurrence of adverse drug reactions, prolonged hospitalization, the exposure to the second- and third-line drugs like in MDR-TB and XDR-TB that leads to toxicity and deaths as well as the increased poor production in agriculture and animal industry and commercial ethanol production.展开更多
In this paper, the periodic solutions of the smooth and discontinuous (SD) oscillator, which is a strongly irra- tional nonlinear system are discussed for the system having a viscous damping and an external harmonic...In this paper, the periodic solutions of the smooth and discontinuous (SD) oscillator, which is a strongly irra- tional nonlinear system are discussed for the system having a viscous damping and an external harmonic excitation. A four dimensional averaging method is employed by using the complete Jacobian elliptic integrals directly to obtain the perturbed primary responses which bifurcate from both the hyperbolic saddle and the non-hyperbolic centres of the un- perturbed system. The stability of these periodic solutions is analysed by examining the four dimensional averaged equa- tion using Lyapunov method. The results presented herein this paper are valid for both smooth (e 〉 0) and discontin- uous (ce = 0) stages providing the answer to the question why the averaging theorem spectacularly fails for the case of medium strength of external forcing in the Duffing system analysed by Holmes. Numerical calculations show a good agreement with the theoretical predictions and an excellent efficiency of the analysis for this particular system, which also suggests the analysis is applicable to strongly nonlinear systems.展开更多
Einstein claimed Bohr’s theory is incomplete: “the wave function does not provide a complete description of the physical reality” [1]. Their views represent two physics in schism [2] [3]. Quanta are fundamental. Th...Einstein claimed Bohr’s theory is incomplete: “the wave function does not provide a complete description of the physical reality” [1]. Their views represent two physics in schism [2] [3]. Quanta are fundamental. The theory of diffraction in quasicrystals, that is summarized here, is falsifiable and verified. The quanta are not only harmonic;but harmonic in dual series: geometric and linear. Many have believed the quantum is real;rather than conceptual and axiomatic. The quasicrystal proves its reality.展开更多
Diffraction in quasicrystals is in irrational and geometric series with icosahedral point group symmetry. None of these features are allowed in Bragg diffraction, so a special theory is required. By means of a hierarc...Diffraction in quasicrystals is in irrational and geometric series with icosahedral point group symmetry. None of these features are allowed in Bragg diffraction, so a special theory is required. By means of a hierarchic model, the present work displays exact agreement between an <em>analytic</em> metric, with a <em>numeric </em>description of diffraction in quasicrystals—one that is founded on quasi-structure-factors that are completely indexed in 3-dimensions. At the quasi-Bragg condition, the steady state wave function of incident radiation is used to show how resonant response, in metrical space and time, enables coherent interaction between the periodic wave packet and hierarchic quasicrystal. The quasi-Bloch wave is invariant about all translations<em> <img src="Edit_ce7a6cbd-644e-4811-8416-a6f0c39eb4c3.png" alt="" /></em>, where <img src="Edit_f1f99a28-ba65-4079-aacc-c1b485bc7b16.png" alt="" /> is the quasi-lattice parameter. This is numerically derived, analyzed, measured, verified and complete. The hierarchic model is mapped in reverse density contrast, and matches the pattern and dimensions of phase-contrast, optimum-defocus images. Four tiers in the hierarchy of icosahedra are confirmed, along with randomization of higher order patterns when the specimen foil is oriented only degrees off the horizontal. This explains why images have been falsely described as having “no translational symmetry”.展开更多
Self-medication may be associated with side effects and increases the chance of drug interactions and also affects the adherence to treatment and quality of life. This study aims at determining the pattern of self-med...Self-medication may be associated with side effects and increases the chance of drug interactions and also affects the adherence to treatment and quality of life. This study aims at determining the pattern of self-medication, identifying knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices concerning the usage of the drugs and identifying demographic factors that could influence self-medication practices among the general population in El-Minia, Egypt. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected adults using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a structured interview questionnaire. Respondents who had practiced some sort of self-medication during the past month were 73% of the sample. The commonest cause of self-medication, illness, was perceived as minor (59.7%). The most common perceived illness for self-medication was common cold (90.6%). Older respondents (>40 years) were about twice more likely to practice self-medication than younger ones. Similarly, professionals in their work were 3.4 times more likely to practice self-medication than unemployed individuals. Self-medication is a relatively frequent problem in Minia and interventions at different levels are required.展开更多
is the disjoint union of for all , where is the set of all roots of primitive second degree equations , with reduced discriminant equal to k2m. We study the action of two Hecke groups—the full modular group and the g...is the disjoint union of for all , where is the set of all roots of primitive second degree equations , with reduced discriminant equal to k2m. We study the action of two Hecke groups—the full modular group and the group of linear-fractional transformations on . In particular, we investigate the action of on for finding different orbits.展开更多
We give a survey on the history, the main mathematical results and applications of the Mathematics of Harmony as a new interdisciplinary direction of modern science. In its origins, this direction goes back to Euclid...We give a survey on the history, the main mathematical results and applications of the Mathematics of Harmony as a new interdisciplinary direction of modern science. In its origins, this direction goes back to Euclid’s “Elements”. According to “Proclus hypothesis”, the main goal of Euclid was to create a full geometric theory of Platonic solids, associated with the ancient conception of the “Universe Harmony”. We consider the main periods in the development of the “Mathematics of Harmony” and its main mathematical results: algorithmic measurement theory, number systems with irrational bases and their applications in computer science, the hyperbolic Fibonacci functions, following from Binet’s formulas, and the hyperbolic Fibonacci l-functions (l = 1, 2, 3, …), following from Gazale’s formulas, and their applications for hyperbolic geometry, in particular, for the solution of Hilbert’s Fourth Problem.展开更多
A set of discoveries are described that complete the structural model and diffraction theory for quasicrystals. The irrational diffraction indices critically oppose Bragg diffraction. We analyze them as partly rationa...A set of discoveries are described that complete the structural model and diffraction theory for quasicrystals. The irrational diffraction indices critically oppose Bragg diffraction. We analyze them as partly rational;while the irrational part determines the metric that is necessary for measurement. The measurement is verified by consistency with the measured lattice parameter, now corrected with the metric and index. There is translational symmetry and it is hierarchic, as is demonstrated by phase-contrast, optimum-defocus imaging. In Bragg’s law, orders are integral, periodic and harmonic;we demonstrate harmonic quasi-Bloch waves despite the diffraction in irrational, geometric series. The harmonicity is both local and long range. A breakthrough in understanding came from a modified structure factor that features independence from scattering angle. Diffraction is found to occur at a given “quasi-Bragg condition” that depends on the special metric. This is now analyzed and measured and verified: the metric function is derived from the irrational part of the index in three dimensions. The inverse of the function is exactly equal to the metric that was first discovered independently by means of “quasi-structure factors”. These are consistent with all structural measurements, including diffraction by the quasicrystal, and with the measured lattice parameter.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate and analyze the irrational problems of common gastroenterology medications applied to gastroenterology patients during treatment, and to develop and implement countermeasures. Methods: This study included 60 patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology from January 2021 to December 2023 who were randomly divided into a control group (conventional drug management) and an observation group (targeted drug treatment), of 30 cases each. After the implementation of different management methods, the occurrence of irrational drug use and the incidence of adverse reactions between both groups were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence of irrational medication in the observation group (13.33%) was lower than that in the control group (40.00%) (P < 0.05). The occurrence of adverse reactions in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that of the control group (36.67%) after treatment (P < 0.05). The observation group had a higher level of satisfaction after treatment (90.00%) as compared to the control group (66.67%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of targeted drug treatment for gastroenterology patients reduced the incidence of irrational medication use, reduced adverse reactions, and improved patient satisfaction.
文摘[Purpose]: The purpose of this study is to develop irrational belief test for nurses, and to examine reliability and validity. [Method]: In study 1, The Irrational belief test for nurses was developed based JIBT-20 (mori et al., 1994) of previous studies. And for the nurse (N = 96, 5 male, 91 female), carried out preliminary investigation, created the provisional version of the Irrational belief test for nurses, and examined factor structure and internal consistency. In study 2, for the nurse (N = 541, 21 male, 520 female) examined validity based on JIBT-20 (Japanese Irrational Belief Test), MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory), ATQ-R Japanese version (Automatic Thoughts Questionnare-Revised), and for the nurse (N = 91, 3 male, 88 female) examined a test-retest reliability four weeks afterward before long. [Result]: As a result of the explanatory factor analysis by a maximum likelihood estimation and promax rotation, 28-item 7 factors were extracted and was named a “patient belief”, “self-expectation”, “avoidance”, “self-inhibition”, “Ethical blame”, “helplessness”, and “dependence”. Moreover, as a result of conducting confirmation factor analysis, the hypothetical model obtained by explanatory factor analysis fitted (GFI = 0.89, AGFI = 0.86). About the reliability of the measure, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is 0.68 - 0.82, and a test-retest reliability is 0.64 and reliability is affirmed. About construct validity was checked correlation with JIBT-20, and about criterion validity was checked the correlation with MBI and ATQ-R Japanese-translation version. [Conclusion]: It is suggested that reliability and validity are verified and the irrational belief test for nurses is a useful measure. The developed test can be used to measure the irrational belief in the context of burnout in nurses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11002093,11072065,and 10872136)the Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province of China (Grant No.11215643)
文摘Nonlinear dynamical systems with an irrational restoring force often occur in both science and engineering, and always lead to a barrier for conventional nonlinear techniques. In this paper, we have investigated the global bifurcations and the chaos directly for a nonlinear system with irrational nonlinearity avoiding the conventional Taylor's expansion to retain the natural characteristics of the system. A series of transformations are proposed to convert the homoclinic orbits of the unperturbed system to the heteroclinic orbits in the new coordinate, which can be transformed back to the analytical expressions of the homoclinic orbits. Melnikov's method is employed to obtain the criteria for chaotic motion, which implies that the existence of homoclinic orbits to chaos arose from the breaking of homoclinic orbits under the perturbation of damping and external forcing. The efficiency of the criteria for chaotic motion obtained in this paper is verified via bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and numerical simulations. It is worthwhile noting that our study is an attempt to make a step toward the solution of the problem proposed by Cao Q J et al. (Cao Q J, Wiercigroch M, Pavlovskaia E E, Thompson J M T and Grebogi C 2008 Phil. Trans. R. Soe. A 366 635).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 20373030) and the Foundation for Key Program of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No 306020) and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China.
文摘The intramolecular vibrational dynamics due to extremely irrational couplings is demonstrated by contrast to the resonance couplings, for the three-mode case of H2O as an example. The extremely irrational couplings are shown to impose such strong hindrance to intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) that they act as barriers. They restrict the direct action/energy transfer between the two stretching modes, though they allow the transfer between a stretching and a bending modes. In contrast, the resonance is more mediated by the bending mode and leads to chaotic IVR. It is also shown that there is a region in the dynamical space in which resonance and extremely irrational couplings coexist.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guiyang Company of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company"Study on Cultivation of New Type Tobacco Operation Entities in Guiyang Tobacco Area"(2022-06)Students’Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province"Study on Cultivation of New Professional Tobacco Farmers with Family Farms as the Carrier"(202210466045)。
文摘The larger the difference between the willingness scale of tobacco family farmers and the optimal scale of efficiency,the greater the degree of irrationality,and the higher the decision making risk.With the aid of DEA model,this study calculated the optimal scale of efficiency of Guiyang tobacco family farms.Using the ratio of willingness scale and efficiency optimal scale,it measured the degree of irrationality of family farmers.In addition,with the help of multiple linear regression model,it explained the irrational decision making mechanism of family farmers.Finally,it made a portrait of farmers who tend to make irrational decisions,to find specific farmers and guide them in their production and operation,reduce the risk of planting scale decision making and stabilize the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.
文摘The main aim of the article is to investigate the irrational and transcendental properties of certain real numbers by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system. The difference between the factorial series and the factorial system is that the factorial series does not set an upper bound at a given place after the radix point, while in the factorial system (i – 1) is the maximal possible value for r<sub>i</sub> after the radix point. I give an extended definition of periodic numbers, and show the relationship between periodic and irrational numbers. I prove the transcendence of e by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system.
文摘Edgar Allan Poe,a writer of American Romantic period,is a forerunner in the use of irrational narration,especially in his dark tales,opening up a new approach for literature.Whether from narration perspective,plot or theme,The Black Cat,one of his masterpiece,is the typical manifestation of this narration.
文摘Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narration technique or elements,The Black Cat is the best elucidation of such narration.Thus,this thesis is devoted to a condensed study of irrational narration in The Black Cat,holding views that Poe's contribution in promoting the development of American literature and continuing the American dream is profound and significant.
基金the Start-Up Research Grant of Shenzhen University[20200807163056003]the Start-Up Research Grant[Peacock Plan:20191105534C].
文摘Emerging adulthood(EA)is a critical stage of life to develop and sustain a healthy lifestyle,which is also a time of vulnerability to poor physical and mental health outcomes.In this study,we conducted a path analysis(N=1326)to examine associations among four dimensions of EA,levels of regular physical activity(PA),self-control,MPA tendency and irrational procrastination.Results found:1)higher levels of PA predicted both MPA tendency(β=−0.08,95%CI:−0.11 to−0.06,p<0.001)and irrational procrastination(β=−0.01,95%CI:−0.17 to−0.008,p<0.01)indirectly via self-control;2)Instability(β=0.13,95%CI:0.08 to 0.18,p<0.01)and Responsibility(β=−0.06,95%CI:−0.10 to−0.08,p=0.03)exerted direct effects on irrational procrastination and Instability also indirectly predicted irrational procrastination via MPA tendency(β=0.03,95%CI:0.02 to 0.05,p<0.01).These findings proved that perceived features of EA are linked to behavioral problems and supported that regular PA plays a crucial role to protect mental health.
文摘Background: This study, it was aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of patients who applied to a family health center about the rational use of drugs. Irrational use of drugs is a major problem worldwide. WHO reports that half of the patients do not use their drugs correctly. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 October 2017 and 30 November 2018 at Istanbul Fatih Family Health Center No 7. The sample size was determined as 301 people selected by systematic sampling method from patients aged 18 and older. Results: The mean age of the participants was 53.8% ± 16.8%, 59.8% were female, 62.5% were married, and 52.5% were primary school graduates. 63.9% of the participants knew the names of the drugs they used, and 79.9% of them knew the indication for use. 89% of individuals check the expiry date of the drugs before using them, and 83.1% read the drug prospectus. 84% of the participants support the prohibition of using over-the-counter drugs. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of the participants about the rational use of drugs is above the societal average. However, some issues need more awareness. The high level of rational use of drugs awareness of physicians and pharmacists will also strengthen the rational use of drugs and indirectly increase the awareness of the public.
文摘During the post-antibiotic golden age, it has seen a massive antibiotic/antibacterial production and an increase in irrational use of these few existing drugs in the medical and veterinary practice, food industries, tissue cultures, agriculture and commercial ethanol production globally. The irrational drug use has been further exacerbated by the increased marketing and promotion of these drugs by the pharmaceutical companies thus increasing their accessibility in the public and hence their improper use. The lack of production and introduction of the newer and effective antibiotic/antibacterial drugs in clinical practice in the post-antibiotic golden age has seen an increase in the emergence of the resistant pathogenic bacterial infections creating a significant problem in the global health of humankind. The massive productions of the antibiotic/antibacterial drugs have contributed to the poor disposal of these drugs and hence many of them are discharged in various water bodies contributing to the environmental antibiotic/antibacterial drug pollution. In the environment, these drugs exert pressure on the environmental bacteria by destroying useful bacteria that are responsible for the recycling of the organic matter and as well as promoting the selection of the resistant pathogenic bacteria that can spread in human and animal population thus causing an increase in the observed bacterial disease burden and hence a significant global public health problem. The resistant bacterial diseases lead to the high cost, increased occurrence of adverse drug reactions, prolonged hospitalization, the exposure to the second- and third-line drugs like in MDR-TB and XDR-TB that leads to toxicity and deaths as well as the increased poor production in agriculture and animal industry and commercial ethanol production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11072065)
文摘In this paper, the periodic solutions of the smooth and discontinuous (SD) oscillator, which is a strongly irra- tional nonlinear system are discussed for the system having a viscous damping and an external harmonic excitation. A four dimensional averaging method is employed by using the complete Jacobian elliptic integrals directly to obtain the perturbed primary responses which bifurcate from both the hyperbolic saddle and the non-hyperbolic centres of the un- perturbed system. The stability of these periodic solutions is analysed by examining the four dimensional averaged equa- tion using Lyapunov method. The results presented herein this paper are valid for both smooth (e 〉 0) and discontin- uous (ce = 0) stages providing the answer to the question why the averaging theorem spectacularly fails for the case of medium strength of external forcing in the Duffing system analysed by Holmes. Numerical calculations show a good agreement with the theoretical predictions and an excellent efficiency of the analysis for this particular system, which also suggests the analysis is applicable to strongly nonlinear systems.
文摘Einstein claimed Bohr’s theory is incomplete: “the wave function does not provide a complete description of the physical reality” [1]. Their views represent two physics in schism [2] [3]. Quanta are fundamental. The theory of diffraction in quasicrystals, that is summarized here, is falsifiable and verified. The quanta are not only harmonic;but harmonic in dual series: geometric and linear. Many have believed the quantum is real;rather than conceptual and axiomatic. The quasicrystal proves its reality.
文摘Diffraction in quasicrystals is in irrational and geometric series with icosahedral point group symmetry. None of these features are allowed in Bragg diffraction, so a special theory is required. By means of a hierarchic model, the present work displays exact agreement between an <em>analytic</em> metric, with a <em>numeric </em>description of diffraction in quasicrystals—one that is founded on quasi-structure-factors that are completely indexed in 3-dimensions. At the quasi-Bragg condition, the steady state wave function of incident radiation is used to show how resonant response, in metrical space and time, enables coherent interaction between the periodic wave packet and hierarchic quasicrystal. The quasi-Bloch wave is invariant about all translations<em> <img src="Edit_ce7a6cbd-644e-4811-8416-a6f0c39eb4c3.png" alt="" /></em>, where <img src="Edit_f1f99a28-ba65-4079-aacc-c1b485bc7b16.png" alt="" /> is the quasi-lattice parameter. This is numerically derived, analyzed, measured, verified and complete. The hierarchic model is mapped in reverse density contrast, and matches the pattern and dimensions of phase-contrast, optimum-defocus images. Four tiers in the hierarchy of icosahedra are confirmed, along with randomization of higher order patterns when the specimen foil is oriented only degrees off the horizontal. This explains why images have been falsely described as having “no translational symmetry”.
文摘Self-medication may be associated with side effects and increases the chance of drug interactions and also affects the adherence to treatment and quality of life. This study aims at determining the pattern of self-medication, identifying knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices concerning the usage of the drugs and identifying demographic factors that could influence self-medication practices among the general population in El-Minia, Egypt. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected adults using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a structured interview questionnaire. Respondents who had practiced some sort of self-medication during the past month were 73% of the sample. The commonest cause of self-medication, illness, was perceived as minor (59.7%). The most common perceived illness for self-medication was common cold (90.6%). Older respondents (>40 years) were about twice more likely to practice self-medication than younger ones. Similarly, professionals in their work were 3.4 times more likely to practice self-medication than unemployed individuals. Self-medication is a relatively frequent problem in Minia and interventions at different levels are required.
文摘is the disjoint union of for all , where is the set of all roots of primitive second degree equations , with reduced discriminant equal to k2m. We study the action of two Hecke groups—the full modular group and the group of linear-fractional transformations on . In particular, we investigate the action of on for finding different orbits.
文摘We give a survey on the history, the main mathematical results and applications of the Mathematics of Harmony as a new interdisciplinary direction of modern science. In its origins, this direction goes back to Euclid’s “Elements”. According to “Proclus hypothesis”, the main goal of Euclid was to create a full geometric theory of Platonic solids, associated with the ancient conception of the “Universe Harmony”. We consider the main periods in the development of the “Mathematics of Harmony” and its main mathematical results: algorithmic measurement theory, number systems with irrational bases and their applications in computer science, the hyperbolic Fibonacci functions, following from Binet’s formulas, and the hyperbolic Fibonacci l-functions (l = 1, 2, 3, …), following from Gazale’s formulas, and their applications for hyperbolic geometry, in particular, for the solution of Hilbert’s Fourth Problem.
文摘A set of discoveries are described that complete the structural model and diffraction theory for quasicrystals. The irrational diffraction indices critically oppose Bragg diffraction. We analyze them as partly rational;while the irrational part determines the metric that is necessary for measurement. The measurement is verified by consistency with the measured lattice parameter, now corrected with the metric and index. There is translational symmetry and it is hierarchic, as is demonstrated by phase-contrast, optimum-defocus imaging. In Bragg’s law, orders are integral, periodic and harmonic;we demonstrate harmonic quasi-Bloch waves despite the diffraction in irrational, geometric series. The harmonicity is both local and long range. A breakthrough in understanding came from a modified structure factor that features independence from scattering angle. Diffraction is found to occur at a given “quasi-Bragg condition” that depends on the special metric. This is now analyzed and measured and verified: the metric function is derived from the irrational part of the index in three dimensions. The inverse of the function is exactly equal to the metric that was first discovered independently by means of “quasi-structure factors”. These are consistent with all structural measurements, including diffraction by the quasicrystal, and with the measured lattice parameter.