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Effects of combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage on water and salt transport of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China 被引量:14
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作者 HENG Tong LIAO Renkuan +3 位作者 WANG Zhenhua WU Wenyong LI Wenhao ZHANG Jinzhu 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第6期932-945,共14页
Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrig... Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. 展开更多
关键词 saline-alkali soil drip irrigation flood irrigation sub-surface pipe drainage soil desalination salt leaching arid area
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The Response of Chickpea to Irrigation with Treated Waste Water
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作者 Marwan Haddad Mustafa Khamis +3 位作者 Majdi Dakiky Adnan Manassra Mohannad Qurie Rafik Karaman 《Journal of Earth Science and Engineering》 2013年第9期603-612,共10页
In a three-year study, the response of four cultivars of chickpea, Bulgarit, WIR-32, Jordan and ICC 11293 to irrigation with TW (treated wastewater) and FW (freshwater), using surface and subsurface drip irrigatio... In a three-year study, the response of four cultivars of chickpea, Bulgarit, WIR-32, Jordan and ICC 11293 to irrigation with TW (treated wastewater) and FW (freshwater), using surface and subsurface drip irrigation was investigated. Wastewater generated from Al-Quds university campus included black, grey and storm water was treated by small scale pilot plant. The wastewater pilot plant consists of tailored made secondary biological activated sludge process with daily capacity of 50 m3. The influent and effluent chemical and biological quality parameters were routinely monitored and analyzed. The data reveal that the average values for BOD, COD and EC for the effluent are 50 ppm, 136 ppm and 1.4 mS/cm over 2 years period. The results of chickpea growth parameters and the chemical and biological analysis of the seeds and leaves indicate that the cultivars Bulgarit and ICC 11293 can be irrigated with TW without any loss in yield and quality. Factor analysis reasonably favored Bulgarit Cultivar irrigated with treated effluent over other cultivars. WIR-32 and Jordan cultivars showed significant reduction in their growth parameters when irrigated with TW as compared with FW. Surface and subsurface drip irrigation gave similar results in most cases. Soil analysis in this study showed no significant difference between irrigation with TW and FW. 展开更多
关键词 CHICKPEA surface drip irrigation sub-surface drip irrigation treated wastewater
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Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Surface Water in an Agricultural Area in Equatorial Africa: The Mungo River Basin, South West Cameroon, Central Africa
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作者 Gustave Raoul Nkoue Ndondo Suzanne Ngo Boum +4 位作者 Fricelle Song Gloria Eneke Takem Eyong David Eric Komba Bertil Nlend Jacques Etame 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2021年第3期164-181,共18页
The Mungo River and its tributaries represent the major sources of water supply for agriculture and drinking purposes for the Douala city and the south western agricultural region of Cameroon. In this study, the surfa... The Mungo River and its tributaries represent the major sources of water supply for agriculture and drinking purposes for the Douala city and the south western agricultural region of Cameroon. In this study, the surface water hydrochemistry was investigated at 12 locations to determine the hydrochemical and heavy metals characteristics and to assess the suitability for drinking and irrigational purposes. Results of water samples collected along the main channel and tributaries showed that the major ions were dominated by Ca<sup>2+</sup> > Na<sup>+</sup> > Mg<sup>2+</sup> > K<sup>+</sup> > NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>and > HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> > SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><span style="font-size:10px;white-space:normal;"><sup><span style="font-size:10px;white-space:normal;">-</span></sup> </span>> Cl<sup><span style="font-size:10px;white-space:normal;">-</span></sup> > F<sup><span style="font-size:10px;white-space:normal;">-</span></sup> > PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> , with concentrations varying between 0 to 60 mg/l. Heavy metal concentrations were relatively weak, dominated by Fe > Mn > As > Cd > Zn > Se. The main hydrochemical facies types revealed primarily 52% Ca-Na-HCO<sub>3</sub> and 48% Ca-Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub>. Base on Gibbs diagram and relative ion ratios, the hydrochemical characteristics are derived from weathering of silicate rocks and atmospheric source. The influence of anthropogenic factors including agro-industrial activities on the hydrochemical characteristics was less marked. The chemical composition of the water samples was compared with the drinking water standards and only the concentration of Fe was above the WHO guide limits in a single sample at Passi. The evaluation of the water quality for irrigation showed that 95% of water samples are suitable for irrigation in almost all soil types. According to the water quality index (HPI, HEI and Cd), this water is considered of excellent quality for consumption. The results provide a preliminary database for sustainable management of water resource in the Mungo River basin. 展开更多
关键词 Mungo River Basin surface Water Hydrochemical Characteristics Heavy Metals Drinking and irrigation Suitability
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Sharp Expansion of Intensive Groundwater Irrigation,Semi-Arid Environment at the Northern Bekaa Valley Lebanon
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作者 Ihab Jomaa Myriam Saade Sbeih Ronald Jaubert 《Natural Resources》 2015年第6期381-390,共10页
This research focuses on the sharp expansion of groundwater irrigation in the Northern Beqaa, using Landsat satellite images and other auxiliary GIS relevant data sources. Topographic maps were used to assess the loca... This research focuses on the sharp expansion of groundwater irrigation in the Northern Beqaa, using Landsat satellite images and other auxiliary GIS relevant data sources. Topographic maps were used to assess the location and size of the irrigated area in the early 1960s as the initial years of agriculture expansion analysis. The first available Landsat image of the area was of the year 1972 followed with a series of accessible Landsat images until 2009. In the 1960s, agricultural practices were only limited to areas of surface water resources and open channels next to urban settlements. In the Early 1980s, farmers discovered the agricultural potential of the area. Only 3% of the area was cultivated before the 1970s. The cultivated area reached about the 20% in late 1990s. Weather conditions, shallowness of groundwater tables, low fuel costs and market opportunities have led to an agricultural boom in the area considered as prone to desertification and of low productivity by national authorities. The area is however poorly understood from its hydro geological characteristics and exposed to intensive and unsustainable use of its natural resources. 展开更多
关键词 Northern Bekaa Agriculture Expansion LANDSAT NDVI surface irrigation surface Water Sources Groundwater
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Effects of different irrigation methods on micro-environments and root distribution in winter wheat fields 被引量:10
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作者 Lü Guo-hua SONG Ji-qing +3 位作者 BAI Wen-bo WU Yong-feng LIU Yuan KANG Yao-hu 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第8期1658-1672,共15页
The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity(RH) within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, an... The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity(RH) within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth.An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons.The results showed that border irrigation(BI), sprinkler irrigation(SI), and surface drip irrigation(SDI) had no significant effects on soil temperature.Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments.The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns.Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high.Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies.As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used.The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions. 展开更多
关键词 border irrigation root profile distribution sprinkler irrigation surface drip irrigation field micro-environment winter wheat
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Water use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid region 被引量:3
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作者 Mohamed Hakim Kharrou Salah Er-Raki +5 位作者 Ahmed Chehbouni Benoit Duchemin Vincent Simonneaux Michel LePage Lahcen Ouzine Lionel Jarlan 《Agricultural Sciences》 2011年第3期273-282,共10页
In irrigation schemes under rotational water supply in semiarid region, the water allocation and irrigation scheduling are often based on a fixed-area proportionate water depth with every irrigation cycle irrespective... In irrigation schemes under rotational water supply in semiarid region, the water allocation and irrigation scheduling are often based on a fixed-area proportionate water depth with every irrigation cycle irrespective of crops and their growth stages, for an equitable water supply. An experiment was conducted during the 2004- 2005 season in Haouz irrigated area in Morocco, which objective was i) to evaluate the effects of the surface irrigation scheduling method (existing rule) adopted by the irrigation agency on winter wheat production compared to a full irrigation method and ii) to evaluate drip irrigation versus surface irrigation impacts on water saving and yield of winter wheat. The methodology was based on the FAO-56 dual approach for the surface irrigation scheduling. Ground measurements of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to derive the basal crop coefficient and the vegetation fraction cover. The simple FAO-56 approach was used for drip irrigation scheduling. For surface irrigation, the existing rule approach resulted in yield and WUE reductions of 22% and 15%, respectively, compared with the optimized irrigation scheduling proposed by the FAO-56 for full irrigation treatment. This revealed the negative effects of the irrigation schedules adopted in irrigation schemes under rotational water supply on crops productivity. It was also demon-strated that drip irrigation applied to wheat was more efficient with 20% of water saving in comparison with surface irrigation (full irrigation treatment). Drip irrigation gives also higher wheat yield compared to surface irrigation (+28% and +52% for full irrigation and existing rule treatments respectively). The same improvement was observed for water use efficiency (+24 and +59% respectively). 展开更多
关键词 Water Use Efficency YIELD surface and DRIP irrigation FAO-56 irrigation Scheduling WHEAT
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Vancomycin lavage for the incidence of acute surgical site infection following primary total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty 被引量:1
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作者 Ming-Yi Duan Hang-Zhou Zhang 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2022年第1期71-78,共8页
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection is a rare but serious complication associated with total joint arthroplasty(TJA).There are limited data on the effectiveness of intrawound irrigation with vancomycin solution(1000 mg... BACKGROUND Surgical site infection is a rare but serious complication associated with total joint arthroplasty(TJA).There are limited data on the effectiveness of intrawound irrigation with vancomycin solution(1000 mg/L;2 L)before wound closure for preventing acute surgical site infection following primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)and total knee arthroplasty(TKA).AIM To investigate the effectiveness of prophylactic intraoperative application of vancomycin(1000 mg/L;2 L)solution vs.plain irrigation in reducing the incidence of acute surgical site infection following primary THA and TKA.METHODS A retrospective review of 2725 consecutive patients undergoing THA or TKA from January 2012–December 2019 was performed.These patients received either intrawound irrigation with normal saline before wound closure between January 2012 and December 2015(group 1,1018 patients;453 undergoing THA and 565 undergoing TKA)or intrawound irrigation with vancomycin solution(1000 mg/L)before wound closure between January 2016 and December 2019(group 2,1175 patients;512 undergoing THA and 663 undergoing TKA).The outcomes were the incidences of postoperative surgical site infection and wound healing complications within 3 mo of primary TJA.RESULTS There were no significant demographic differences between the 2 groups.There was a significantly higher incidence of acute infection at the surgical site in patients who received intrawound irrigation with normal saline before wound closure than in those who received intrawound irrigation with vancomycin solution(1000 mg/L;2 L)before wound closure(overall incidence of infection:group 1,2.46%vs group 2,0.09%,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the incidence of wound healing complications between the two groups.CONCLUSION Prophylactic irrigation with vancomycin solution(1000 mg/L;2 L)significantly decreases the incidence of acute surgical site infection after primary TJA.This strategy is a safe,efficacious,and inexpensive method for reducing the incidence of acute surgical site infection after TJA. 展开更多
关键词 Total joint arthroplasty Total hip arthroplasty Total knee arthroplasty Vancomycin irrigation Postoperative acute wound infection Acute surgical site infection
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Causes of Decreasing Water Balances in the Barada Awaj (Damascus) Drainage Basin until the Uprising in Syria
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作者 Firas Arraf 《Open Journal of Modern Hydrology》 2019年第4期143-160,共18页
Despite all of the many discrepancies and contradictions in the estimate of the water balance in the Barada Awaj basin, all the research and reports, both local and international, indicate that the basin suffers from ... Despite all of the many discrepancies and contradictions in the estimate of the water balance in the Barada Awaj basin, all the research and reports, both local and international, indicate that the basin suffers from water depletion. The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water, and the area of land irrigated by the basin has risen significantly. Rapid population growth as a result of natural increase and massive immigration to the basin, piratical well-digging without permits, the failure to increase the area of land irrigated by modern methods and a decrease in rainfall and the drought that has affected Syria in general and the Barada Awaj basin in particular, have led to a water shortage in the basin during the first decade of this century. 展开更多
关键词 WATER Basin WATER Balance WATER Deficit surface WATER Ground WATER Legal WELLS ILLEGAL WELLS irrigation Methods
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Characteristics of water contamination in abandoned coal mines:a case study on Yudong River area,Kaili,Guizhou Province,China 被引量:2
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作者 Xiangdong Li Jieying Cai +1 位作者 Di Chen Qiyan Feng 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2021年第6期1491-1503,共13页
The seasonal and spatial changes in the chemical composition of the water in abandoned mine drainages and rivers in Yudong River area in the years of 2017-2018 were analyzed.The effects of mine water drainage on the s... The seasonal and spatial changes in the chemical composition of the water in abandoned mine drainages and rivers in Yudong River area in the years of 2017-2018 were analyzed.The effects of mine water drainage on the seasonality and physicochemical properties of the river water after mine closure were evaluated,and the feasibility of irrigation using river water and the degree of pollution to farmland were assessed using the Water Quality Standard for Farmland Irrigation.The results show that the mine water has low pH value(<3.5-4)and high levels of total hardness,SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,Al,and Zn.In addition,the pH of the mine water is negatively correlated with the presence of other metal ions.The correlation coefficient between the chemical oxygen demand(COD)and Fe reached 0.989.While the pollution levels of Pinglu and Baishui rivers were low,the confluence region of the two rivers was seriously polluted.However,only the levels of Fe and Cd slightly exceeded the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard after the confluence of Yudong and Chongan rivers.Overall,the heavy pollution type of the confluent river is consistent with mine water pollution.The water quality is slightly better in the dry season compared than in the high-water period.Sulfate and Fe content decreased by 39 and 16 mg/L,respectively,and Cd content decreased two-fold.Despite these findings,this study shows that from 2017 to 2018,the pH and Cd content of the rivers at the confluence exceeded the irrigation limit and the water quality continued to deteriorate,which may pose a soil contamination risk.Long-term use of the river for irrigation water may cause toxic elements such as Cd,Fe,Mn,SO_(4)^(2−),Al,and F-to enter the food chain,thereby endangering the life and health of villagers in Yudong River area. 展开更多
关键词 Yudong River(Guizhou) Closed coal mine surface water pollution irrigation water quality Soil and crop hazards
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Effect of Water Resources Allocation on Groundwater Environment and Soil Salinity Accumulation under Climate Change
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作者 Li Ping Qi Xuebin +3 位作者 Magzum Nurolla Huang Zhongdong Liang Zhijie Qiao Dongmei 《Journal of Earth Science and Engineering》 2016年第2期73-82,共10页
The combined surface and groundwater allocation practice by wells and canals had contributed to the safety of groundwater environment and agriculture sustainable production. The typical area in the People's Victory C... The combined surface and groundwater allocation practice by wells and canals had contributed to the safety of groundwater environment and agriculture sustainable production. The typical area in the People's Victory Canal irrigation district was taken as a case, drawing together the irrigation district agriculture water consumption and precipitation from 1954 to 2014 in the People's Victory Canal irrigation district, ratios of surface to groundwater irrigation amount, dynamic of groundwater depth and hydrochemical characteristic of groundwater from 2008 to 2014 in the research area, the relationship between groundwater depth and ratio of surface to groundwater irrigation amount was analyzed, in order to ascertain the influence of precipitation on ratios of surface to groundwater irrigation amount and its effect on soil and groundwater environment. The results indicated that positive correlation between the ratios of surface to groundwater irrigation amount and annual precipitation was appeared, affected by climate change, average irrigation amount from surface in the recent 5 years was 2.90 x 108 cubic meters, accounted for 75.52% of total irrigation amount, on the other hand, decreasing tendency of precipitation was obvious, and groundwater depth dynamic in upstream of the branch canals was more dramatic than downstream because of surface water irrigation infiltration, under the unified condition of water use efficiency, ratio of surface to groundwater irrigation amount was negative correlation with area of the groundwater depth beyond 11 m, meanwhile, groundwater depth demonstrated negative correlation with the ratio of surface to groundwater irrigation amount, moreover, alkaline trend of groundwater hydrochemistry during the normal season in the research area was obvious because of phreatic evaporation and the agricultural irrigation from wells, along with irrigation from surface inflow of Yellow River, quality of groundwater hydrochemistry during the dry season was ameliorative greatly. Consequently, it was very important to the agriculture sustainable production that well-canal combined irrigation patterns alleviated extremely alkaline trend of the groundwater hydrochemistry and played a positive role of root layer soil salinity leaching. 展开更多
关键词 Well-canal combined irrigation district irrigation patterns ratio of surface to groundwater irrigation amount hydrochemical characteristic.
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Modeling Surface Water Availability for Irrigation Development in Mbarali River Sub-Catchment Mbeya, Tanzania
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作者 Moses Mazengo Gislar E. Kifanyi +1 位作者 Edmund Mutayoba Nyemo Chilagane 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2022年第4期1-14,共14页
Although Tanzania has a large land suitable for irrigation development, only 4.2% of the arable land which is potential for irrigation has been developed. Mbarali District is characterized by commercial and small-scal... Although Tanzania has a large land suitable for irrigation development, only 4.2% of the arable land which is potential for irrigation has been developed. Mbarali District is characterized by commercial and small-scale irrigation activities for paddy production. Currently, surface water availability for irrigation in Mbarali District is dwindling due to high water demands. Inadequate studies that estimate water availability for irrigation is one of the underlying factors to the lack of irrigation development in many parts of Tanzania including in Mbarali District. This study, therefore, aimed to model surface water availability for irrigation development in Mbarali River sub-catchment Mbeya, Tanzania. The Soil and Water Analysis Tool (SWAT) model and field observations were used to accomplish the study. The model estimates that Mbarali River sub-catchment receives about 631 mm of total mean precipitation annually. About 53% of received precipitation is lost through evapotranspiration, 12% recharged to deep aquifer and the remaining 35% discharged to the stream flow through surface runoff, lateral flow and return flow from unconfined aquifer. Discharge to the steam flow contributes to the total annual means of river discharge ranging from 0 - 10 cubic meters per second at upper catchment to 120 - 140 cubic meters per second at lower catchment. The study recommends that the lower reach of the Mbarali River sub-catchment is potential for irrigation than the upper reach as it has potential river flow that can support irrigation activities. The study also notes the urgent need for water reallocation plan to meet competing water needs in the lower reach of Mbarali River sub-catchment. Moreover, the study addresses the potentiality of irrigation in upper catchment under sustainable water management practices including excavation of small ponds to capture and store surface runoff for dry season use or to supplement irrigation as the rainfall declines. 展开更多
关键词 irrigation Mbarali River Sub-Catchment surface Water Availability SWAT
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Wound irrigation for preventing surgical site infections
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作者 Marios Papadakis 《World Journal of Methodology》 2021年第4期222-227,共6页
Wound irrigation(i.e.washing out a wound before wound closure)aims to reduce the microbial burden by removing tissue debris,metabolic waste,and tissue exudate from the surgical field before site closure.Although it is... Wound irrigation(i.e.washing out a wound before wound closure)aims to reduce the microbial burden by removing tissue debris,metabolic waste,and tissue exudate from the surgical field before site closure.Although it is a popular procedure in every day surgical practice,the lack of procedure standardization,leads to studies with high heterogeneity and often controversial results.Thus,there are studies that advocate its use,while others discourage its implementation in clinical practice to reduce the risk of surgical site infection.The present article reviews the current literature on wound irrigation for preventing surgical site infections.Several irrigants are presented.Chlorexidine is generally considered to be less effective than povidone-iodine,while antibiotics are not that common nowadays,as they require prolonged exposure with the target to act.Hydrogen peroxide has several potential complications,which eliminate its use.Any differences in the incidence of surgical site infections between different irrigants,especially between antibacterial and non-bacterial ones,should be viewed sceptically.More randomized controlled studies are needed to provide better quality of evidence regarding the irrigants'effectiveness and safety. 展开更多
关键词 wound irrigation Surgical site infections ANTISEPTICS ANTIBIOTICS Patient Safety
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Batch Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Porous Polylactic Acid‑Based Nanofiber Membranes for Antibacterial Wound Dressing
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作者 Jing Yin Lan Xu Adnan Ahmed 《Advanced Fiber Materials》 SCIE EI 2022年第4期832-844,共13页
A good wound dressing needs to promote wound healing and tissue repair when the skin is injured.In this study,a self-made spherical section free surface electrospinning device was used to produce large quantities of e... A good wound dressing needs to promote wound healing and tissue repair when the skin is injured.In this study,a self-made spherical section free surface electrospinning device was used to produce large quantities of electrospun porous polylactic acid(PLA)/chitosan(CS)/aloin nanofiber membranes(NFMs)for antibacterial wound dressing.The porous structures of PLAbased nanofibers were controlled by adjusting the weight ratios of mixed solvent and solute.The results showed that highquality porous PLA/CS/aloin(PCA)NFMs were obtained when the weight ratios of chloroform/N,N-dimethylformamide and PLA:CS were 90/10 and 7:1,respectively.The porous PCA NFMs exhibited high porosity,acceptable mechanical properties,moderate hydrophobicity,good swelling property,and high water vapor transmission rate.Moreover,they also showed excellent blood coagulative,antibacterial,biocompatible properties,which had the potential to be used in the application of antibacterial wound dressings. 展开更多
关键词 Batch preparation Polylactic acid/chitosan/aloin Nanofiber membranes Spherical section free surface electrospinning Antibacterial wound dressings
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The salt accumulation at the shifting aeolian sandy soil surface with high salinity groundwater drip irrigation in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert 被引量:10
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作者 ZHANG JianGuo XU XinWen +6 位作者 LEI JiaQiang SUN ShuGuo FAN JingLong LI ShengYu GU Feng QIU YongZhi XU Bo 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 2008年第S2期63-70,共8页
The EC analysis and water serial sampling was performed in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt to explore the water and salt dynamics of the shallow aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) under high salinity groundwater drip i... The EC analysis and water serial sampling was performed in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt to explore the water and salt dynamics of the shallow aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) under high salinity groundwater drip irrigation. It was found that in one irrigation cycle, the EC of the shallow shifting aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) increased while the water content decreased. The EC of the surface aeolian sandy soil at the wetting front was far greater than that of the wetting area or the outside of the wetting area. During the irrigation cycle, the EC of the wetting front and the wetting area changed at a significant magnitude, whereas the EC of the outside of the wetting area remained largely steady. The horizontal influence distance of drip irrigation on the salt accumulation at the soil surface was about 100 cm, and the vertical influence depth was 5 cm. The three most abundant ions in the accumulated salt at the aeolian sandy soil surface were Na+, Cl- and SO42-. The salt accumulation at the soil surface was influenced by air temperature, wind speed, mineralization of irrigation water, sand burial thickness, soil texture, and litter content. 展开更多
关键词 HINTERLAND of the Taklimakan Desert DRIP irrigation with saline water salt accumulation at SOIL surface SHIFTING aeolian SANDY SOIL influence factors
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Transformation of surface water and groundwater and water balance in the agricultural irrigation area of the Manas River Basin,China 被引量:9
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作者 Yang Guang He Xinlin +2 位作者 Li Xiaolong Long Aihua Xue Lianqing 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2017年第4期107-118,共12页
Calculation of the water balance is very important to relieve the pressure on water resources in arid agricultural irrigation areas.This research focused on irrigation water balance calculations in the Manas River Bas... Calculation of the water balance is very important to relieve the pressure on water resources in arid agricultural irrigation areas.This research focused on irrigation water balance calculations in the Manas River Basin of the southern margin of the Junggar Basin of China,and aimed to analyze the groundwater level dynamic trend and response characteristics of the basin water cycle under water-saving irrigation measures.The surface water and groundwater coupling model of MIKE 11-Visual MODFLOW was used to simulate rainfall runoff in mountainous areas,and quantify the contribution of water balance components in the plain irrigation area.Convergence of the delayed watershed in the mountain area was obvious,and when the river runoff exceeded 200 m^(3)/s,the error in the runoff simulation was large.The water balance in the plain agricultural irrigation area was in a negative equilibrium state,and the difference between recharge and discharge was−2.65 billion m^(3).The evapotranspiration was 24.49 billion m^(3) under drip irrigation,accounting for only approximately 51%of the total discharge.The lateral discharge of the unsaturated and saturated aquifers was 15.38 billion m^(3),accounting for approximately 32%of the total discharge.The main reason for the groundwater decline in the irrigation area was closely related to the extraction of groundwater,because the amount of recharge and discharge in the natural state was approximately identical.The MIKE 11-Visual MODFLOW model produced accurate results,and the research method provided a new exploration technique to quantify the effect of water supply mode on the groundwater table.The model is suitable for the management of water resources in arid areas. 展开更多
关键词 water balance coupling model surface water and groundwater water saving irrigation Manas River Basin
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眼前节研究的融合与统一
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作者 Houmam Araj 王颖娜(译) 惠延年(审校) 《国际眼科杂志》 CAS 2025年第1期1-9,共9页
著名生物学家爱德华·威尔逊(Edward O Wilson)在其名作《一致性:知识的统一》(Consilience:The Unity of Knowledge)中提出跨学科整合与协调的必要性。他将融合定义为“知识的‘跳跃式结合',即通过事实的相互关联……创造出一... 著名生物学家爱德华·威尔逊(Edward O Wilson)在其名作《一致性:知识的统一》(Consilience:The Unity of Knowledge)中提出跨学科整合与协调的必要性。他将融合定义为“知识的‘跳跃式结合',即通过事实的相互关联……创造出一个共同的解释基础。”文章的假设是,与基础生物医学研究需要来源于最新技术的数据几乎一样,整合现有知识同样极其重要。这涉及到解决相互矛盾的发现、减少“信息孤岛”、以及承认复杂的必要性。我们以角膜和晶状体作为我们假设的案例研究。具体来说,在这种视角下,我们讨论蛋白质聚集、氧化损伤和纤维化方面相互矛盾和碎片化的信息。这些研究领域与眼前节研究紧密相关。我们的目的是强调威尔逊的知识融合统一的迫切需要,从而增强严谨性和可重复性,最重要的是,促进对知识的深入理解,而不只是知道。 展开更多
关键词 眼前节 眼表 角膜 晶状体 白内障 后囊混浊 蛋白质聚集 氧化损伤 抗氧化剂 纤维化 创伤愈合 一致性
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Development of part-dissolvable chitosan fibers with surface N-succinylation for wound care dressing 被引量:2
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作者 Guohui SUN Chao FENG +6 位作者 Ming KONG Xiaojie CHENG Jiaojiao BING Guixue XIA Zixian BAO Hyunjin PARK Xiguang CHEN 《Frontiers of Materials Science》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第3期272-281,共10页
To enhance the liquor absorptivity of chitosan fibers (CS-Fs), N-succinyl surface-modified chitosan fibers (NSCS-Fs) were developed and evaluated for wound healing, The NSCS-Fs exhibited cracks on the surface and ... To enhance the liquor absorptivity of chitosan fibers (CS-Fs), N-succinyl surface-modified chitosan fibers (NSCS-Fs) were developed and evaluated for wound healing, The NSCS-Fs exhibited cracks on the surface and high liquor absorbing capacity with absorbing-dissolvable equilibrium state in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The bacteriostasis ratios of NSCS-Fs against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans were higher than 80%. No cytotoxicity has been found for mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) treated with NSCS-Fs leach liquor, Acute oral toxicity and skin irritation experiment were taken to evaluate the safety of NSCS-Fs in vitro. Muscle implant study showed that NSCS-Fs were biodegradable and non-toxic in vivo. These results suggested that the surface modified NSCS-Fs had favorable biological properties and improved liquor absorptivity, indicating that they could be used as promising dressing materials for wound care. 展开更多
关键词 chitosan fiber surface N-succinylation liquor absorptivity part-dissolvability wound dressing
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Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation:effects on healing of category 4 pressure ulcers
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作者 Johannes Matiasek Gabriel Djedovic +2 位作者 Marcus Kiehlmann Ralph Verstappen Ulrich M.Rieger 《Plastic and Aesthetic Research》 2018年第9期19-29,共11页
Aim: The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is well established in the treatment of chronic wounds. NPWT with instillation (NPWTi) combines traditional NPWT with the application of a topical irrigation solu... Aim: The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is well established in the treatment of chronic wounds. NPWT with instillation (NPWTi) combines traditional NPWT with the application of a topical irrigation solution (in this case octenidine based octenilin? wound irrigation solution) within the wound bed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of NPWTi on pressure ulcers (PUs). Methods: In total 13 patients with PUs in different locations were treated with negative pressure therapy combined with ocitenidine based instillation fluid after first surgical debridement. After 6 days the dressing was removed and wound closure using different local flaps was performed. Results: Normal wound healing without irritation was found 30 days post-debridement and after 90 days the wounds showed complete healing. No adverse incidents occurred and no toxic tissue reactions were documented. During the follow up period, there was no recurrence of the PU in any of the treated patients. Conclusion: It is generally recognised that for chronic wounds to heal, optimum wound bed preparation is of paramount importance. This helps prepare for secondary healing, skin grafting or coverage with flaps. Tests were performed in vitro simulating real clinical conditions using PU vacuum exudates. These tests quantified the antiseptic efficacy of octenilin? wound irrigation solution in the eradication of microorganisms. Further research is needed to establish the role of NPWTi with octenilin? in the management of category 4 PUs, but these initial results on 13 patients lead in the direction of developing an enhanced protocol for the treatment of chronic wounds. 展开更多
关键词 Negative PRESSURE wound therapy with INSTILLATION octenilin(R) wound irrigation solution chronic woundS PRESSURE ULCER wound bed preparation
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Effect of limited access dressing on surface pH of chronic wounds
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作者 Pramod Kumar Thittamaranahalli Muguregowda Honnegowda 《Plastic and Aesthetic Research》 2015年第1期257-260,共4页
Aim:Changes in the pH of chronic wounds can inhibit the optimal activity of various enzymes in the wound environment,thereby delaying wound healing.The aim of the present study is to monitor the effect of limited acce... Aim:Changes in the pH of chronic wounds can inhibit the optimal activity of various enzymes in the wound environment,thereby delaying wound healing.The aim of the present study is to monitor the effect of limited access dressing(LAD)on the pH on the surface of chronic wounds.Methods:A total of 140 patients with chronic wounds of more than 4 weeks duration were divided into two groups by simple randomization:a LAD group(n=64)and a conventional dressing group(n=76).Fifty-six participants(22 in the LAD group and 34 in the conventional dressing group)were lost to follow-up or withdrawn from the study.Results:In the LAD group(n=42),the mean age was 38.3±10.56 years(range:12-60 years),and the mean wound size at the time of admission was 28 cm^(2)(range:19-40 cm^(2)).In the conventional dressing group(n=42),the mean age was 35.3±14.0 years(range:17-65 years),and the mean wound size at the time of admission was 26 cm^(2)(range:18-39 cm^(2)).Patients treated with LAD showed a significant decrease in the mean±standard deviation pH when compared with the conventional dressing group(0.83±0.52 vs.0.41±0.26,P=0.048).Conclusion:LAD reduces the chronic wound surface pH to a level required for the optimal function of various enzymes.This could be a factor that exerts a beneficial effect on wound healing. 展开更多
关键词 Chronic wounds limited access dressing negative pressure wound therapy wound surface pH
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生理盐水冲洗伤口对创伤性脑损伤合并海水浸泡大鼠的影响 被引量:1
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作者 杨洋 俞霞 +4 位作者 侯鹏伟 陈力 徐永君 魏梁锋 王守森 《中华神经外科疾病研究杂志》 CAS 2024年第1期6-10,共5页
目的建立创伤性脑损伤合并海水浸泡(TBI+SI)大鼠模型,采用生理盐水对TBI+SI大鼠进行冲洗,以稀释海水的高渗透性和高碱性,并评估其治疗效果.方法健康成年雄性大鼠48只,按照随机数字表法分为假手术(Sham)组、创伤性脑损伤(TBI)组、创伤性... 目的建立创伤性脑损伤合并海水浸泡(TBI+SI)大鼠模型,采用生理盐水对TBI+SI大鼠进行冲洗,以稀释海水的高渗透性和高碱性,并评估其治疗效果.方法健康成年雄性大鼠48只,按照随机数字表法分为假手术(Sham)组、创伤性脑损伤(TBI)组、创伤性脑损伤合并海水浸泡伤(TBI+SI)组和生理盐水冲洗(TBI+SI-NS)组,每组12只.采用控制性皮质损伤方法构建TBI模型.Sham组头皮切开后磨出直径3.5 mm骨窗,暴露硬脑膜,但不予处理;TBI大鼠头皮切开后磨出3.5 mm骨窗,实施控制性皮质损伤打击;TBI+SI组行TBI术后,采用人工海水浸泡创伤部位30 min;TBI+SI-NS组在TBI+SI基础上,用无菌生理盐水冲洗25 min.应用干湿重法测定脑组织含水量,ELISA检测脑组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)的表达量,HE染色观察脑组织病理变化,透射电镜观察神经元细胞线粒体损伤情况.结果与TBI组相比,TBI+SI组脑组织含水量升高(P<0.01),炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β表达上调(P<0.05,P<0.01),损伤部位大脑皮质脑组织病理变化和皮质神经元细胞损伤更加严重(P<0.05).采用生理盐水对TBI大鼠的创伤部位进行冲洗25 min后,脑组织含水量下降(P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β表达下调,脑组织病理变化和神经元细胞损伤减轻.结论生理盐水冲洗TBI+SI大鼠的创伤部位,缓解了脑组织的进一步损伤,减轻了病理变化和神经元细胞的死亡,其机制可能与生理盐水稀释海水的矿盐成分和降低其高渗透性有关. 展开更多
关键词 创伤性脑损伤 海水浸泡 炎症 生理盐水 伤口冲洗
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