We set up two experimental catchments to provide an improved understanding of hydrological processes in a subtropical forested area in the northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan. We calculated runoff using water level...We set up two experimental catchments to provide an improved understanding of hydrological processes in a subtropical forested area in the northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan. We calculated runoff using water level data (recorded by a pressure-type water level gauge installed in a box culvert) and a discharge rating curve (derived from in situ observations). Water balance calculations for 2010 showed that the rainfall, runoff and evapotranspiration losses (= rainfall – runoff) were 3403.6 mm, 2285.7 mm and 1117.4 mm, respectively. This result was in agreement with previous results from other forested experimental catchments in this region. Direct runoff, as a proportion of event total rainfall, can be expressed by the empirical equation (Qdirect = 0.0048, Pevent 1.7971, R2 = 0.9599). When Pevent was 100 mm or less, the ratios of Qdirect to Pevent were less than 15% in general. When Pevent exceeded 100 mm, the ratios were 20% - 30%.展开更多
Maritime forests in the southeastern United States are very susceptible to climate change and have experienced dramatic reductions in extent following anthropogenic disturbances over the past two hundred years. St. Ca...Maritime forests in the southeastern United States are very susceptible to climate change and have experienced dramatic reductions in extent following anthropogenic disturbances over the past two hundred years. St. Catherines Island, Georgia, an undeveloped barrier island, is home to an unusual pignut hickory (Carya glabra) maritime forest that is experiencing rapid rates of change, including a reduction in basal area from 23 m2·ha-1 in 1996 to 15 m2·ha-1 in 2014. Nine permanent forest plots and associated animal exclosures were installed across this 37 ha stand in 2012 to track forest change and seedling recruitment. From 2012 to 2014, declines in total basal area were caused by mortality of pignut hickory in the overstory and redbay (Persea borbonia) in the midstory. Pignut hickory continues to be ranked first in relative frequency, density and dominance, while Sabal palm (Sabal palmetto) is slightly increasing in relative density. In 2012, there were no woody species regenerating in any of the plots and following one year of animal exclosures, we found 478 pignut hickory seedlings ha-1;thus, deer browse and feral hog predation of nuts may be important drivers of change in this stand. The interplay among deer browse, exotic animal pressures, exotic insects and a drier climate has resulted in a very open forest with the regeneration of few woody plants. Without management of the feral hog and deer population, this unusual maritime forest, with trees as old as 250 years, may continue to decline.展开更多
The integrated value of the ecological function of tropical forests in the central mountainous areas of Hainan Island was 33.064 8 billion yuan/a in 2010(soil improvement,soil consolidation,soil nutrient maintenance,w...The integrated value of the ecological function of tropical forests in the central mountainous areas of Hainan Island was 33.064 8 billion yuan/a in 2010(soil improvement,soil consolidation,soil nutrient maintenance,water storage and moisture regulation,water purification,carbon sequestration,oxygen releasing,air purification,biodiversity conservation,eco-tourism),equivalent to 16.1%of GDP in Hainan Province this year(205.212 billion yuan).The tropical forests in the central mountainous areas of Hainan Island make great contribution to Hainan Island's ecology,and play an important role in maintaining the stability of the ecological environment in Hainan Island.Through the understanding of major ecological function value of tropical forests,it is necessary to make people cherish the tropical forests in the central ecological function conservation areas of Hainan Province,and spontaneously throw themselves into the ecological environment protection and construction,to promote the rapid and sustainable development of construction in Hainan Province as an international tourism island.展开更多
Sustainable management of scenic and recreational forest based on the integration of forest landscape beauty and recreational functions is the foundation of forest tourism. Adhering to the principles of structural opt...Sustainable management of scenic and recreational forest based on the integration of forest landscape beauty and recreational functions is the foundation of forest tourism. Adhering to the principles of structural optimization, healthy and vital, beautiful landscape, sound function, and comprehensive benefi t, the hotspot and core task in the current construction of scenic and recreational forest is to conserve, transform and improve forest landscape. The ThousandIsland Lake National Forest Park is endowed with peculiar island scenery, it is necessary to construct a stable threedimensional comprehensive protection system covering "mountain, land and lake", enhance the ecological environment conservation of the lake as well as the lakefront wetland, promote the ecological restoration and coloring construction of forest, protect integrality and diversity of the biosystem, and construct ecological urban-rural system using regional scenic spot concept, so as to build the lake into a model of the sustainable operation of scenic and recreational forest.展开更多
海岛森林生态系统受地理位置特殊和数据源较少等因素影响,其碳通量动态监测及碳汇功能评估鲜见报道。该文以南麂岛森林生态系统为研究对象,基于涡度相关技术探讨了2020—2021年净生态系统碳生产力(net ecosystem productivity,NEP)、总...海岛森林生态系统受地理位置特殊和数据源较少等因素影响,其碳通量动态监测及碳汇功能评估鲜见报道。该文以南麂岛森林生态系统为研究对象,基于涡度相关技术探讨了2020—2021年净生态系统碳生产力(net ecosystem productivity,NEP)、总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)和生态系统呼吸(ecosystem respiration,Reco)的变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示,南麂岛森林生态系统表现为碳吸收,2020和2021年CO_(2)净吸收量分别为516 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)和598 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),Reco分别为1037 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)和1646 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),GPP分别为1552 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)和2244 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)。太阳总辐射(Rg)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、净辐射(Rn)、显热(H)与NEP、GPP显著正相关(p≤0.001);空气温度(Tair)和土壤温度(Tsoil)与Reco显著正相关(p≤0.001)。日尺度上南麂岛森林光合作用时间长于碳吸收时间,当Tair达到10.05~27.76℃,PAR达到110.47~429.44μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,海岛森林光合作用强度高于生态系统呼吸作用强度,表现为CO_(2)吸收。南麂岛森林生态系统碳通量监测与评估将为建立我国蓝碳动态监测评估管理体系提供重要的理论支持。展开更多
为了研究首都功能核心区新建小型城市森林公园缓解城市热岛效应的能力,以广阳谷城市森林公园为研究对象,基于遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)完成了2014年、2017年和2019年公园内及周边区域...为了研究首都功能核心区新建小型城市森林公园缓解城市热岛效应的能力,以广阳谷城市森林公园为研究对象,基于遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)完成了2014年、2017年和2019年公园内及周边区域的地表温度反演,同时结合长期定点监测公园内外空气温湿度,分析城市森林公园内及周边冷岛效应。结果发现:广阳谷城市森林公园建成后,在园外100 m范围内有一定的降温效果。相比建成前,2017年和2019年其100 m缓冲区内热岛区域占比分别减少了4.83%和1.38%,地表平均温度比核心区分别降低了0.72℃和1.15℃,说明公园建成以来,充分发挥了冷岛作用;公园内各测点在10:00—17:00的平均温度低于对照点1.65℃,公园内部的相对湿度比对照点高2.68%;3—8月公园内各点的平均温度比对照点低0.67℃,在3月、4月、6月和7月公园内各点的平均湿度比对照点高1.82%,说明森林公园在此段时间发挥着降温增湿的作用。展开更多
文摘We set up two experimental catchments to provide an improved understanding of hydrological processes in a subtropical forested area in the northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan. We calculated runoff using water level data (recorded by a pressure-type water level gauge installed in a box culvert) and a discharge rating curve (derived from in situ observations). Water balance calculations for 2010 showed that the rainfall, runoff and evapotranspiration losses (= rainfall – runoff) were 3403.6 mm, 2285.7 mm and 1117.4 mm, respectively. This result was in agreement with previous results from other forested experimental catchments in this region. Direct runoff, as a proportion of event total rainfall, can be expressed by the empirical equation (Qdirect = 0.0048, Pevent 1.7971, R2 = 0.9599). When Pevent was 100 mm or less, the ratios of Qdirect to Pevent were less than 15% in general. When Pevent exceeded 100 mm, the ratios were 20% - 30%.
文摘Maritime forests in the southeastern United States are very susceptible to climate change and have experienced dramatic reductions in extent following anthropogenic disturbances over the past two hundred years. St. Catherines Island, Georgia, an undeveloped barrier island, is home to an unusual pignut hickory (Carya glabra) maritime forest that is experiencing rapid rates of change, including a reduction in basal area from 23 m2·ha-1 in 1996 to 15 m2·ha-1 in 2014. Nine permanent forest plots and associated animal exclosures were installed across this 37 ha stand in 2012 to track forest change and seedling recruitment. From 2012 to 2014, declines in total basal area were caused by mortality of pignut hickory in the overstory and redbay (Persea borbonia) in the midstory. Pignut hickory continues to be ranked first in relative frequency, density and dominance, while Sabal palm (Sabal palmetto) is slightly increasing in relative density. In 2012, there were no woody species regenerating in any of the plots and following one year of animal exclosures, we found 478 pignut hickory seedlings ha-1;thus, deer browse and feral hog predation of nuts may be important drivers of change in this stand. The interplay among deer browse, exotic animal pressures, exotic insects and a drier climate has resulted in a very open forest with the regeneration of few woody plants. Without management of the feral hog and deer population, this unusual maritime forest, with trees as old as 250 years, may continue to decline.
文摘The integrated value of the ecological function of tropical forests in the central mountainous areas of Hainan Island was 33.064 8 billion yuan/a in 2010(soil improvement,soil consolidation,soil nutrient maintenance,water storage and moisture regulation,water purification,carbon sequestration,oxygen releasing,air purification,biodiversity conservation,eco-tourism),equivalent to 16.1%of GDP in Hainan Province this year(205.212 billion yuan).The tropical forests in the central mountainous areas of Hainan Island make great contribution to Hainan Island's ecology,and play an important role in maintaining the stability of the ecological environment in Hainan Island.Through the understanding of major ecological function value of tropical forests,it is necessary to make people cherish the tropical forests in the central ecological function conservation areas of Hainan Province,and spontaneously throw themselves into the ecological environment protection and construction,to promote the rapid and sustainable development of construction in Hainan Province as an international tourism island.
基金Sponsored by Key Soft Science Research Program of Hangzhou City(20150834M12)
文摘Sustainable management of scenic and recreational forest based on the integration of forest landscape beauty and recreational functions is the foundation of forest tourism. Adhering to the principles of structural optimization, healthy and vital, beautiful landscape, sound function, and comprehensive benefi t, the hotspot and core task in the current construction of scenic and recreational forest is to conserve, transform and improve forest landscape. The ThousandIsland Lake National Forest Park is endowed with peculiar island scenery, it is necessary to construct a stable threedimensional comprehensive protection system covering "mountain, land and lake", enhance the ecological environment conservation of the lake as well as the lakefront wetland, promote the ecological restoration and coloring construction of forest, protect integrality and diversity of the biosystem, and construct ecological urban-rural system using regional scenic spot concept, so as to build the lake into a model of the sustainable operation of scenic and recreational forest.
文摘海岛森林生态系统受地理位置特殊和数据源较少等因素影响,其碳通量动态监测及碳汇功能评估鲜见报道。该文以南麂岛森林生态系统为研究对象,基于涡度相关技术探讨了2020—2021年净生态系统碳生产力(net ecosystem productivity,NEP)、总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)和生态系统呼吸(ecosystem respiration,Reco)的变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示,南麂岛森林生态系统表现为碳吸收,2020和2021年CO_(2)净吸收量分别为516 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)和598 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),Reco分别为1037 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)和1646 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),GPP分别为1552 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)和2244 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)。太阳总辐射(Rg)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、净辐射(Rn)、显热(H)与NEP、GPP显著正相关(p≤0.001);空气温度(Tair)和土壤温度(Tsoil)与Reco显著正相关(p≤0.001)。日尺度上南麂岛森林光合作用时间长于碳吸收时间,当Tair达到10.05~27.76℃,PAR达到110.47~429.44μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,海岛森林光合作用强度高于生态系统呼吸作用强度,表现为CO_(2)吸收。南麂岛森林生态系统碳通量监测与评估将为建立我国蓝碳动态监测评估管理体系提供重要的理论支持。
