Surface Regional Heat(Cool) Island Effect and Its Diurnal Differences in Arid and Semiarid Resource-based Urban Agglomerations

With the rapid development of urban agglomerations in northwest arid and semiarid regions of China, the scope of the urban heat island(UHI) effect has gradually expanded and gradually connected, and has formed a regional heat island(RHI) with a larger range of impact to the regional environment. However, there are few studies on the heat island effect of urban agglomerations in arid and semiarid regions, so this paper selects the urban agglomeration of Hohhot, Baotou and Ordos(HBO) of Inner Mongolia, China as the study area. Based on the 8-day composite Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) surface temperature data(156scenes in all) and land use maps for 2005, 2010, and 2015, we analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of regional heat(cool) islands(RH(C)I) and the responses of surface temperatures to land-use changes in the diurnal and interannual surface cities. The results showed that: 1) from 2005 to 2015, urban areas showed the cold island effect during the day, with the area of the cold island showing a shrinking feature;at night, they showed the heat island effect, with the area of the heat island showing a first decrease and then an increase.2) From 2005 to 2015, the land development(unutilized land to building land) brings the greatest temperature increase(ΔT = 1.36°C)during the day, while the greatest temperature change at night corresponds to the conversion of cultivated land to building land(ΔT =0.78°C) exhibited the largest changes at night. From 2010 to 2015, the land development(grassland to building land) bring the greatest temperature increase(ΔT = 0.85°C) during the day, while the great temperature change at night corresponds to the conversion of water areas to building land(ΔT = 1.38°C) exhibited the largest changes at night. Exploring the spatial and temporal evolution of surface urban heat(cool) islands in urban agglomerations in arid and semiarid regions will help to understand the urbanization characteristics of urban agglomerations and provide a reference for the formulation of policies for the coordinated and healthy development of the region and co-governance of regional environmental problems.

白令海和阿留申群岛水文地理特征——《The Bering Sea and Aleutian Island:Region of Wonders》简评

由海事咨询计划顾问、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校渔业与海洋科学学院教授特里·约翰逊撰写的《The Bering Sea and Aleutian Island:Region of Wonders》一书于2003年由阿拉斯加海洋基金出版。该书一共分为八章,共191页,450多张彩色照片、地图等图件,88条参考文献,对白令海和阿留申群岛及其周边区域的水文地理特征进行了详细的描述。包括地理要素、自然环境、人文生态,以及资源能源等方面的内容。特里·约翰逊梳理了白令海和阿留申群岛区域水文地理探索的新成果,对中国寒区海域认识和研究具有重要的参考价值。

Urban Heat Island Effect over National Capital Region of India: A Study using the Temperature Trends

The local temperature is one of the major climatic elements to record the changes in the atmospheric environment brought about by industrialization, increasing population and massive urbanization. The present study deals with the annual and seasonal temperature trends and anomalies for maximum, minimum and mean temperatures of the four meteorological stations of the National Capital Region (NCR) of India namely Safdarjung, Palam, Gurgaon and Rohtak for the past few decades and their association with the development through urbanization processes. The annual mean maximum temperature did not show any specific trend;however a consistent increasing trend was seen in the annual mean minimum temperatures indicating an overall warming trend over the NCR especially after 1990. This warming trend is contrary to the cooling trend observed by earlier studies till 1980’s in various other cities of India including Delhi. However, the temperature trends in annual mean minimum temperatures reported in various countries (USA, Turkey, Italy, etc.) across the world showed warming trends to be associated to the urbanization process of the cities also. The current warming trends in temperature in the NCR Delhi based on the annual mean minimum temperatures have thus been supported by the trends in other parts of the world and could be utilized to infer the development process in this region. The urbanization pattern within Delhi is reflected by the trends of differences in annual mean minimum temperature of the two stations within the city namely Safdarjung and Palam. The significance of the warming trends of the annual minimum temperature for the urban heat island effect is also discussed.

New Data on the Upper Miocene Presence in the Aegean Region: The Geological Evolution of Spetses Island, Peloponnesus, Greece

Based on detailed geological and geomorphological mapping, sampling and micro-palaeontological determinations, both of the alpine and neogene formations, new data have been derived for Spetses Island (SW Aegean). The applied methodology provided results on the paleogeographic evolution for Spetses Island and the nearby land of Argolida peninsula as well. Based mainly on characteristic nannofossils, a Miocene age of the post-alpine formations is determined. It is the first time that miocene formations have been identified, not only in Spetses Island and Argolida, but in the whole area of Peloponnesus, where only Plio-pleistocene deposits have been described. This work also leads to the conclusion that Spetses Island is attached to the Argolida peninsula, forming an independent paleogeographic unit since Upper Miocene.

Development Trend of Small Island District in Tropical Monsoon Region (Case Study: Ly Son and Phu Quy Island Districts, Vietnam)

Ly Son (Quang Ngai province) and Phu Quy (Binh Thuan province) are two island districts in Vietnam that have similar natural characteristics;both are facing the issues of sustainable economic development. This research applied Man-Kendall model to estimate the trend of some socio-economic elements in these two island districts that have been collected during the period of 2002-2018. In general, socio-economic factors showed a tendency to increase recently. Ly Son island district has faster growth rate than that of Phu Quy because Phu Quy is farther from the mainland, more difficult to access and this island district does not own distinct local products. However, with the current development speed, Ly Son is facing several consequences such as insufficient water sources to meet the water demand and security instability due to the increasing number of visitors to the island. This research also proposed that, in order to sustainably develop the two island districts, there should be a specific structure for economic development orientation among sectors based on phased schedule. More importantly, tourism development planning should take capacity into consideration. Fishing practices should pay attention to methods and fishing equipment. Infrastructure investment for environmental protection as well as advocacy program to minimize the use of plastic bags should be done on a regular basis.

海岛水产养殖业台风灾害脆弱性分析:以舟山和温州海岛地区为例

基于浙江舟山和温州海岛地区获取的344份水产养殖家庭问卷调查数据和各利益相关者的访谈数据,使用混合数据的因子分析(FAMD)和主成分的层次聚类分析(HCPC),辨识海岛水产养殖家庭台风灾害脆弱性类型,揭示各脆弱性类型的特征,识别家庭脆弱性类型的判别指标,分析台风灾害及其他压力源对海岛渔业生态系统和水产养殖家庭经济脆弱性的影响。研究发现:1)海岛地区水产养殖业和水产养殖家庭呈现高经济脆弱性,大部分虾蟹贝混养类、藻类和贻贝类养殖家庭台风灾害损失严重。2)水产养殖家庭在暴露度、敏感性和适应能力方面的差异,导致家庭呈现3种不同的脆弱性类型及特征。3)家庭劳动力的不足、多次遭受台风灾害损失、基础设施不能充分满足需求是水产养殖家庭呈现台风灾害脆弱性的共同影响因素;风险暴露、养殖品种、家庭年均收入、户主年龄、教育程度、社会支持、采用适应策略的数量及成本-收益情况这些显著判别指标间的差异是形成不同脆弱性类型的关键。4)气候、生态环境、经济和市场、社会、制度和政策等方面的多重压力源相互作用产生累积效应,加剧了海岛地区渔业生态系统的脆弱性和家庭的社会经济脆弱性。

太平洋岛国本土智库的特色及发展趋势

[目的/意义]深入了解太平洋岛国本土智库,不仅有助于国内学术界更好地开展太平洋岛国研究,洞悉太平洋岛国的真实需求,而且有助于中国加强同太平洋岛国本土智库的合作,推动中国同太平洋岛国全面战略伙伴关系快速、深入发展。[方法/过程]以太平洋岛国本土智库的观点、发布的文件为研究对象,采用内容分析法和文本分析法,概述太平洋岛国本土智库,分析太平洋岛国本土智库的特色,并对其发展趋势做出重点研判。[结果/结论]研究发现,太平洋岛国本土智库独具特色,主张和平、发展与合作,拒绝地缘竞争,倡导构建和谐与稳定的地区秩序。在全球治理视域下,太平洋岛国本土智库聚焦气候变化、海洋治理等人类面临的共同紧迫问题,不仅提出了许多全球治理的新方案或路径,而且不断践行这些新方案或路径,为当今疲软的全球治理注入了新活力。

岛状多年冻土区高速铁路路基热状态及工程措施效果分析

为揭示岛状多年冻土区高速铁路路基热状态,提出合理有效的制冷结构,在新建哈尔滨至伊春高速铁路某车站试验段开展现场监测,获得岛状多年冻土的地温数据;基于实测地温数据,采用冻土水热耦合理论,对将在试验段实施的两侧双排普通热棒路基、两侧双排+中心单排全季热棒路基、两侧单排+基底横向通铺全季热棒路基3种制冷路基结构进行数值模拟,对比了3种制冷路基结构的地温分布特征及对下伏岛状多年冻土的降温效果。研究结果表明:铁力地区年均气温和降水呈增大趋势,天然场地岛状多年冻土地温在-0.3℃左右,属于高温极不稳定多年冻土。3种制冷路基结构中,两侧单排+基底横向通铺全季热棒对岛状多年冻土保护及降温效果最优,两侧双排普通热棒最差。普通热棒路基的多年冻土上限呈“两侧凸,中间凹”形态,抬升不明显;全季热棒路基的多年冻土上限呈“上凸缓斜平顶”形态,抬升显著。研究成果可对多年冻土区高速铁路路基建设和结构优化提供技术支撑。

绵羊清道夫受体A基因启动子克隆及序列分析

为了分析绵羊清道夫受体A(scavenger receptor A,SRA)基因的启动子序列特征,试验根据UCSC数据库和NCBI数据库预测的绵羊SRA基因启动子序列设计特异性引物,以绵羊肺组织基因组DNA为模板进行SRA基因启动子序列PCR扩增、测序,然后对序列进行生物信息学分析,包括预测启动子活性区域、转录因子结合位点、TATA box及CpG岛。结果表明:利用根据UCSC数据库预测的SRA基因启动子序列设计的引物未扩增出目的片段,利用NCBI数据库预测的SRA基因启动子序列设计的引物扩增得到了绵羊SRA基因启动子序列,大小约为1200 bp,与NCBI预测序列的相似性为99%,其中第577位碱基发生了突变(G→A);含有1个潜在活性区域(aaaaatgagctcacattcattttttttttcttaactggc);存在干扰素调节因子(interferon regulatory factor,IRF)1、IRF2、c-Jun、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白(CCAAT enhancer binding protein,C/EBP)、活化蛋白1(activator protein 1,AP-1)、核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)转录因子结合位点,其中IRF1和c-Jun的结合位点出现频率较高;不存在TATA box和CpG岛,只存在3个CpG位点。说明SRA基因的表达可能受IRF1和c-Jun等相关转录因子的调控,不受甲基化的影响。

GI格局影响区域气温的尺度效应和空间分异特征——基于天津市的实证

绿色基础设施为应对气候变化提供了一种基于自然的解决方案,尤其在调节区域气温方面发挥着重要作用。既有关于绿色基础设施与区域气候关联性的研究主要关注规模数量对全局尺度气候因子的影响,对尺度变化及其空间异质性的讨论不足。以天津市为例,综合运用景观生态学和地理加权回归分析方法,在测度研究区绿色基础设施格局的基础上,深入探讨了绿色基础设施格局影响区域气温的尺度效应和空间作用规律。结果表明:1)绿色基础设施格局能够显著影响区域气温,且随着尺度增加各项格局指数与区域气温的相关程度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并在7km×7km尺度下达到峰值;2)各项格局指数与区域气温的相关程度整体上为面积类指数>聚集类指数>密度类指数>形状类指数;3)各项格局指数与区域气温的相关性具有空间非稳定性特征,其中半城市化地区的区域气温更易受到格局变化的影响。最后,提出以乡镇(街道)为单元的GI格局分区优化措施,以期为气候适应性规划设计和各类相关政策的制定提供科学指导。

明清舟山群岛海防区划及主导因素研究

海防区划是海防空间布防的基础。明清舟山海防区边界分三个层级,即卫或镇的边界、内外洋边界、所或营的边界。卫或镇边界的北部与省界重合,明代以陈钱、壁下为界,清代循羊山—马迹一线划分;南部在明代以南田、健跳、牛头山一线分界,清代以天后宫—南山嘴为界;西部在明代深入陆地,清代沿镇海、象山海岸分界。内外洋以五屿山、两头洞、长涂、洛泇山、桃花山、尖仓、韭山、檀头等一线为界。明代五所与清代五营均有明确界线。其海防边界常跨越县级政区边界,但不会跨越府级、省级边界。内外洋、所与营的边界,则据防御任务和海洋自然环境进行划分。

颏下动脉岛状皮瓣在老年口腔癌患者术后缺损修复中应用的临床观察

目的观察颏下动脉岛状皮瓣在老年口腔癌患者术后缺损修复中应用的临床效果及其安全性。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2022年6月解放军总医院口腔外科收治的术前无明确颈部淋巴结转移的老年口腔癌患者29例,术中使用颏下动脉岛状皮瓣修复口腔软组织缺损。收集并分析患者基本资料、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、皮瓣大小、皮瓣制备时间、住院时间、术后皮瓣成活情况、肿瘤复发及相关并发症情况。根据术后病理诊断将患者分为颈部Ⅰ区淋巴结未转移组(16例)和颈部Ⅰ区淋巴结转移组(13例),统计并对比分析出现并发症的情况。结果颈部Ⅰ区淋巴结未转移组和颈部Ⅰ区淋巴结转移组术后均随访2~7年。2组平均年龄、肿瘤大小、皮瓣面积、手术时间及住院时间等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。29例皮瓣一期愈合。颈部Ⅰ区淋巴结未转移组和颈部Ⅰ区淋巴结转移组肿瘤复发情况(18.8%vs 23.1%,P=0.630)、术后并发症情况(0.0%vs 23.1%,P=0.776)比较,差异无统计学意义。结论对于术前无明确颈部淋巴结转移的中晚期口腔癌患者,采用颏下动脉岛状皮瓣修复术后缺损,该皮瓣的应用不会增加短期肿瘤的复发风险,特别是对于老年口腔癌患者是一种可行的修复方式。

A differentially methylated region of the DAZ1 gene in spermatic and somatic cells

Aim： To investigate the methylation status of the deleted in azoospermia 1（DAZ1） gene promoter region in different cell types. Methods： Using CpG island Searcher software, a CpG island was found in the promoter region of the DAZ1 gene. The methylation status of this region was analyzed in sperm and leukocytes by bisulfited sequencing. Results： The methylation status of the CpG island in the DAZ1 gene promoter region differed in leukocytes and sperm： it was methylated in leukocytes, but unmethylated in sperm. Conclusion： A differentially methylated region of the DAZ1 gene exists in spermatic and somatic cells, suggesting that methylation of this region may regulate DAZ1 gene expression in different tissues. （Asian J Androl 2006 Jan; 8：61-67 ）

A model to assess fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island ecosystem:A case study in the southern Miaodao Archipelago of China

Research on carrying capacity, aiming at maintaining the limited ability of the Earth＇s life supporting system to sustain human development, requires a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach to monitor and assess the localized sustainability of coupled social and ecological systems. A definition termed the ecosystem-based carrying capacity of island（EBCCI） was developed in this paper of which the indices of fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island（FCCI and RCCI） were highlighted to emphasize the inter-dependencies between social systems and ecological systems. In order to avoid the difficulties and uncertainties of direct assessment, the related assessment model was established on the basis of synthetic evaluation of inherent and external factors affecting the EBCCI. The southern Miaodao Archipelago（SMA） located in the intersection of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China, was taken as a typical example to acquire integrated recognition of the island ecosystem and its carrying capacity so as to discuss its sustainable development. The index scores of FCCI and RCCI in the SMA were 0.818 5 and 0.712 9 out of 1.0, respectively, with acceptable uncertainties. The results showed a relatively well capacity to sustain progress and relatively well realization of the carrying capacity of island ecosystem, owing to a well capacity of ecologically regulating, general performance of both ecologically supporting and resource provisioning, and a relatively high level of social supporting system. The study implied that it was critical to optimize the inter-dependencies and to sustain the relative balance between social systems and ecological systems so as to improve the RCCI and further facilitate the sustainability of SMA. The approach proposed in this paper provides a powerful tool which is well applicative to the regional level of an oceanic island or archipelago to study the sustainable development and can be further popularized to the coastal zone.

In vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the 3' region of cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori isolates

AIM:To evaluate the in vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the cag pathogenicity island(cag PAI).METHODS:One hundred and forty-nine clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)cultured from gastric biopsies from 206 Colombian patients with dyspeptic symptoms from a high-risk area for gastric cancer were included as study material.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method.Resistant isolates at baseline and in amoxicillin and clarithromycin serial dilutions were subjected to genotyping(cagA,vacA alleles s and m),Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala(EPIYA)polymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Images of the RAPD amplicons were analyzed by Gel-Pro Analyzer 4.5program.Cluster analyses was done using SPSS 15.0statistical package,where each of the fingerprint bands were denoted as variables.Dendrograms were designed by following Ward’s clustering method and the estimation of distances between each pair of H.pylori isolates was calculated with the squared Euclidean distance.RESULTS:Resistance rates were 4%for amoxicillin and 2.7%for clarithromycin with 2%double resistances.Genotyping evidenced a high prevalence of the genotype cagA-positive/vacA s1m1.The 3’region of cagA gene was successfully amplified in 92.3%(12/13)of the baseline resistant isolates and in 60%(36/60)of the resistant isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.Upon observing the distribution of the number of EPIYA repetitions in each dilution with respect to baseline isolates,it was found that in 61.5%(8/13)of the baseline isolates,a change in the number of EPIYA repetitions lowered antibiotic pressure.The gain and loss of EPIYA motifs resulted in a diversity of H.pylori subclones after bacterial adjustment to changing conditions product of antibiotic pressure.RAPD PCR evidenced the close clonal relationship between baseline isolates and isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.CONCLUSION:Antibiotic pressure does not induce loss of the cag pathogenicity island,but it can leadin most cases-to genetic rearrangements within the3’region cagA of the founding bacteria that can affect the level of tyrosine phosphorylation impacting on its cellular effects and lead to divergence of cagA-positive subclones.

景观建设与传说耦合背后的文化记忆——以文水世泰湖湿地公园为例

景观是社会与自然共生的重要场所,城市景观更是一方民众生活水平之体现和地域文化之表达。其中,地方传说因传播之深远、记忆之深刻成为景观建设重要的文化依托。文水世泰湖是汾河流域遗留的湿地之一,也是先秦史籍记载中“十薮”的唯一遗存——“昭馀祁薮”。其原本是一片滩涂,在生态改造中融入了当地遗存的大禹传说和天后岛传奇故事,在此基础上建设成集多功能于一体的湿地亲子乐园,成功转化为兼具文化吸引力、生态亲和力和娱乐生产力的湿地文化景观。在世泰湖景观建设与传说资源的耦合背后,蕴含着文水人民共同的地方文化记忆和美好生活愿景。

基于地形信息的遥感生态指数在水土保持区域评估中的应用

科学评估区域水土流失状况是有效防治水土流失的重要基础和关键,然而因开发区面积较小,对基础数据的空间精度要求较高,故中国土壤流失方程较难在开发区尺度上运用。以遥感生态指数RSEI为基础,融入地形因子,构建了基于地形信息的遥感生态指数TRSEI,并以太湖西山岛为例,对比分析两种遥感生态指数在平原区和山区两种地貌类型区域的水土流失状况评估能力,以期为水土保持区域评估提供新思路。结果表明:融入地形因子后的TRSEI能够更清晰地还原出山区土壤侵蚀的形态特点,对于山脊、沟谷等水土流失易发区的纹理细节展现更加细致,更符合实际情况。

海南岛暖季区域数值模式降水精细化预报检验

应用面向降水过程的时空检验方法,评估了中国气象局广东快速更新同化数值预报系统(CMA-GD)、上海数值预报系统(CMA-SH9)和中尺度天气数值预报系统(CMA-MESO)的海南岛暖季(2019—2020年的4—9月)非台风降水日小时降水预报效果,结果表明:三家模式均能捕捉不同流场条件下的降水空间分布形态及降水日变化特征,但CMA-GD和CMA-SH9的降水频率和强度总体偏多偏强,其中CMA-GD降水频率偏多近10%,CMA-SH9平均小时雨强偏强近4 mm·h^(-1),CMA-MESO雨强在5 mm·h^(-1)以上的降水多分布在西南部和中部山区,与实况空间分布差异较大。三家模式降水预报最易开始和降水峰值时间平均偏早1~3 h,而降水最易结束时间偏晚1~3 h;模式的大气层高层露点温度和不稳定能量预报值偏大,不稳定能量出现时间偏早,近地层逆温层特征预报失真,降水预报的开始时间倾向于提前、降水持续时间偏长。三家模式的昼间海南岛北部沿海的海陆风辐合带预报偏强,其中CMA-SH9尤为明显,与该模式降水强度明显偏强特征相一致;CMA-GD的夜间南部沿海的海陆风辐合带预报位置偏西,与该模式西南部沿海降水频次预报偏多相对应;CMA-MESO的海南岛西南部和中部山区的风速辐合预报偏强,其降水预报强度也相应偏强。

Demonstration of Hainan Regional and Cultural Eco-Elements in Hotel Landscape Design:A Case Study of Landscape Design of Embrace Sea Villas Hotel in Sanya City,China

From the perspectives of hotel road profile,orientation of plant color combination,interpretation of Cultural eco-elements,and landscape design of Embrace Sea Villas Hotel was taken for example to explore the ways of demonstrating regional cultural characteristics in hotel landscape designs on Hainan Island. Eco-design techniques of tropical landscapes were combined to facilitate the formation of harmonious holiday resort images on the island,and enhance the public acceptance of the characteristic vacation culture of Hainan.

多源配电网主动孤岛恢复策略与动态组网潮流分析方法

多源配电网主动孤岛运行是极端条件下大范围电网故障时保障关键负荷供电、提升配电系统安全和可靠性的重要措施。为此,根据不同类型分布式电源及重要负荷的分布,以最小路径权值和最大重要负荷恢复量为目标,建立大停电初期的配电网孤岛黑启动方案的最优化模型,以保证关键负荷在尽可能短的时间内恢复。充分发挥BFGS信赖域算法收敛速度快、计算精度高的优点,提出多源配网主动孤岛黑启动组网过程动态潮流分析方法,利用动态潮流的频率与节点电压结果判断黑启动方案的可行性,实现多源配电网黑启动序列的有效性评估及方案优化。以改进的IEEE 33节点配电系统作为仿真算例,结果可以验证所提方法的有效性和创新性。