A Study on Parts of Speech Conversion in English and Chinese from the Perspective of Translation

Parts of speech conversion refers to transforming the certain words of the source language into another category words of the target language, which is one of the common methods and techniques used in the translation of English and Chinese languages. This paper starts from a relatively significant difference in English and Chinese language— the tendency of static words in English in contrast to that of dynamic words in Chinese, to explore the theoretical basis of transference in parts of speech in English and Chinese language translation. Combining with a large number of examples, the author puts forward some skills on transformation of parts of speech in English-Chinese translation to guide translation practice. The study found that the theoretical basis of the conversion in English and Chinese mostly including:1) there is a boundary ambiguity between lexical category;2)English SV/SVO structure is rigorous, which leads to expressing the dynamic meaning by means of using other lexical category; 3) the development of social culture not only makes new words continue to increase rapidly, but also gives many used words with new meanings; 4)it is acknowledged in Lexical morphology that English words which come from derivation are in larger number and derivations can make the word class of the corresponding original words either the same or different. The dynamic and specific features of Chinese make it more use of verbs in language use. Thus, in the process of translation, appropriate parts of speech conversion can make the translation more in line with their own habits of expression.

Animal Words: Parts of Speech and Metaphoricity

The study in this paper belongs to the field of the grammar of metaphor. Six types of animal words were investigated in order to find the connection between their parts of speech and metaphorical relationship by applying the British National Corpus in combination with Collins Dictionary. It is found that not all verbs formed via conversion from nominal animal words carry the conceptual features of the animal entities, and in this case, the resultant verbs do not form metaphors. Where the verbs carry over the conceptual features of the nominal animal words, metaphors will occur. Of course, there are a few exceptions, like fish in fish for, which forms a metaphor though fish as a verb here does not carry over the conceptual features of the nominal fish.As to adjectives and adverbs derived from nominal animal words, they form metaphors in most cases by carrying over the conceptual features of the relevant animals. The study can be broadened to other entity nouns in order to find regularities about when their derivatives form metaphoricity.

On the Conversion of Parts of Speech in English-Chinese Translation

Conversion refers to the transformation of parts of speech in some words while maintaining the original content unchanged in order to make the translated text sound smooth and fluent as well as more idiomatic in the target language. In E-C translation, conversion of pars of speech is one of the most important translation methods. Several different forms about conversion of parts of speech are introduced through analyzing the differences and usages between the two languages so that a better version in E-C translation can be got.

Selection Model of Optional Parts in Suppliers Involved in New Product Development

Quality function deployment (QFD),which can translate efficiently customer requirement (CRs) into technical attributes (TAs),is widely used in new product development (NPD) as an efficient customer-driven approach. After lots of QFD application is applied in manufacturing fields,it was proved that without considering suppliers involved,it is difficult to get precise and satisfying results in each process of QFD,particularly part deployment. The paper will address the issues of a model of optional parts selection in suppliers involved in part deployment process. Further,it has been applied to an ERP system reconstruction and updating problem as an illustration.

Strengthening International Cooperation, Working for World Human Rights Development——Speech at the opening ceremony of the 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium, July 13, 2014

The 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium opened today in Beijing. On behalf of the State Council Information Office, I would like to express my warmest con- gratulations on the opening of the forum, extend my welcome to Ms. Herta Daeubler-Gmelin and other German friends and my gratitude to symposium organizers and all participants for your long-term contribution to communication and exchange in human rights between China and Germany.

Panorama and Strategy for Development of China's petroleum Indusetry── of a Speech on Dec. 9, 1993

The basin covers an area of 48000 square kilometres with predicted oil and gas reserves of 1.6 billion tons and 380 billion cubic metres respectively.The exploration and development operations have been better than expected in the past three years with the discovery of 11 oilfields and the esta blishment of a crude production capacity of 1.25 million tons.While conducting further exploration work in this basin,CNPC has currently discovered other four new oil and gas-bearing belts in the area.This indicates a continuous increase of reserves and production in the next few years.

Improve Neural Machine Translation by Building Word Vector with Part of Speech

Neural Machine Translation(NMT)based system is an important technology for translation applications.However,there is plenty of rooms for the improvement of NMT.In the process of NMT,traditional word vector cannot distinguish the same words under different parts of speech(POS).Aiming to alleviate this problem,this paper proposed a new word vector training method based on POS feature.It can efficiently improve the quality of translation by adding POS feature to the training process of word vectors.In the experiments,we conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our methods.The experimental result shows that the proposed method is beneficial to improve the quality of translation from English into Chinese.

An Analysis of Speech and Thought Presentation in “A Sunrise on theVeld” from Stylistics Perspective

An analysis of speech and thought presentation in"A Sunrise on the Veld"is made from stylistic perspective in this essay.Through analysis of different kinds of speech and thought presentation,the psychological changes of the protegonist is explored.The analysis reveals the stylistic effect of the alternation of speech and thought presentation.The use of alternation of speech and thought presentation contributes a lot to the success of this novel.This method of Stylistic analysis provides the readers a new perspective of appreciating the novel.

A New Part-of-Speech Tagging System Based on Closed-words,Word Form and Rules

A method of part-of-speech tagging of English text based on closed-words, wold-form and rules, its abstract model and formal description of its realizing procedure are presented. Finally, an experimental example is givento illustrate the application of this method.

The Origin of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Thinking on Chinese Medicine Development

Although the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has developed a profound theory system and a fame of outstanding advantage in curative effect, it seems that the TCM is not quite adaptable to the deveiopment and requirement of the modern society.A principle of “Adopting the advanced part of Western medicine to serve the TCM" should be adhered to for the traditional Chinese medicine. First, TCM should strive for a consensus of TCM theory which focuses on the guiding principles of “diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of the illness and the patient’s condition"and “the opposite principle of five internal organs".Among these principles, “keeping relative balance of three internal systems"is a valuable guidance of the diagnosis and treatment theory. Secondly, macroscopic should be integrated with microscopic, totality with parts,phenomenology with materialism.A dialectical law should be applied to guide analysis. In treatment, adjustment and balance are basic principles.It is necessary not only prepare the medicine in advance accoding to the predicted disease of the year,but also adopt methods to restrict disease in advance.Basides, TCM dose type should be ameliorated in order to meet the needs of society.

A Comparative Study of the Usage of Vague Expressions in English and Chinese Cosmetic Advertisements

Vagueness is one of the basic characteristic of natural language. Vague language is employed widely in advertising language. In this research cosmetic advertisements in Chinese and English magazines are selected and analyzed. The results show that in Chinese and English cosmetic advertisements vague adjectives are the most frequently adopted, and that vague nouns and verbs are employed greatly. Comparatives, superlatives, hedges, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns are also used in advertisements.

Principles of the analysis of structure of chaffinch song (<i>Fringilla coelebs</i>L.). Individual variability of song

Song of birds is subtle and flexible species specific feature, like as the morphology signs. Species specific song of chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.) can be judged as precise character in the image on sonograms. The song has the certain structure and shares (divides) on the parts, elements, which consists of them. Individual variability of songs of one type will consist in unique singing each of chaffinch males, who form a local population.

Physical Mechanism of Formation of the Bimodal Structure in the Meiyu Front System

The bimodal structure of the Meiyu front system is readdressed after Zhou et al.（2005）. The physical mechanism of the formation of the bimodal distribution is discussed. The bimodal structure of the Melyu front system considerably results from atmospheric moisture gradients, though atmospheric temperature gradients are also not negligible. According to the definition of equivalent potential temperature, and by scale analysis, we find that atmospheric equivalent potential temperature gradients, which could be regarded as an indicator of the Meiyu front system, could be mainly attributed to the variations of atmospheric potential temperature gradients with a scaling factor of 1 and moisture gradients multiplied by a scaling factor of an order of about 2.5 × 10^3, which means that small variations of atmospheric moisture gradients could lead to large variations of equivalent potential temperature gradients, and thus large variations of the Meiyu front system. Quantitative diagnostics with a mesoscale simulation data in the vicinity of the Meiyu front system show that moisture gradients contribute to equivalent potential temperature gradients more than potential temperature gradients.

Auditory neuropathy-a rare condition where CI provides improved hearing and speech development

Auditory neuropathy (AN) was reported 30 years ago in 1979 when Davis and Hirsh presented the first case with normal or near normal hearing threshold but absent auditory brainstem responses.Many names have been given since then including paradoxical hearing loss,brainstem auditory processing syndrome,central auditory dysfunction,neural synchrony disorder or neural dyssynchrony.The term auditory neuropathy was first given by Sininger and colleagues in 1995.More and more AN articles have been published in recent years.The present short review and case report focus on the most important characteristics from a clinical point of view in order to let young physicians know AN,and consequently make correct diagnosis.

Real Time Speech Based Integrated Development Environment for C Program

This Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is the process which converts an acoustic signal captured by the microphone to written text. The motivation of the paper is to create a speech based Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for C program. This paper proposes a technique to facilitate the visually impaired people or the person with arm injuries with excellent programming skills that can code the C program through voice input. The proposed system accepts the C program as voice input and produces compiled C program as output. The user should utter each line of the C program through voice input. First the voice input is recognized as text. The recognized text will be converted into C program by using syntactic constructs of the C language. After conversion, C program will be fetched as input to the IDE. Furthermore, the IDE commands like open, save, close, compile, run are also given through voice input only. If any error occurs during the compilation process, the error is corrected through voice input only. The errors can be corrected by specifying the line number through voice input. Performance of the speech recognition system is analyzed by varying the vocabulary size as well as number of mixture components in HMM.

A Study on Comparison of Words in Ancient and Modern Chinese and Foreign Fantasy Novels

Fantasy novel is a kind of novel literature, which is different from other fictions. With the passage of time, fantasy novels have great development with human society. There are differences and similarities between Chinese and Western fantasy novels,which make literary works widely spread and popular. This study uses corpus linguistics software(Tree-Tagger, Range) to analyze four famous Chinese and English fantasy novels and their English translation, observing the different of proportion of noun, verb,adverb and adjective and the lexical difficulty of the novel.