The occurrence state of vanadium in the black shale-hosted vanadium deposits in Shangling of Guangxi Province, China

The Shangling vanadium deposit, which occurs in the Lower Devonian Tangding formation black rock series strata, has V2O5 reserves of more than 1.5 million tons and prospective reserves of more than 2 million tons. Preliminary studies on the occurrence state of vanadium(V) in this deposit have been conducted by artificial heavy minerals concentrates, leaching experiments, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction.These experiments have revealed no independent vanadium mineral occurrences in the Shangling vanadium deposit and the percentages of water-soluble vanadium, hydrochloric acid soluble vanadium and HF soluble vanadium were1.93 %, 21.42 % and 76.47 %, respectively. Based on our data and earlier research, we estimate that the valences state of V absorbed onto the surface of organic matter or clastic particles are +5 and +4, accounting for 10.00 % and13.35 % of the total amount of V, respectively and the valences state of V that exist in the octahedral crystal lattice of authigenic illite include +3 and +4, accounting for71.64 % and 4.83 % of the total amount of V, respectively.By calculating the correlation between the total organic carbon and V, we infer that after deposition and before entering the crystal lattice of illite, V occurs in the form of humate complex or is adsorbed by organic matter. About4.24 % of the Al is in the octahedral crystal lattice of illite,which was replaced by the vanadium under the metallogenic environments of Shanglin.

A compositional model for CO_(2) ooding including CO_(2) equilibria between water and oil using the Peng–Robinson equation of state with the Wong–Sandler mixing rule

This paper presents a three-dimensional, three-phase compositional model considering CO2 phase equilibrium between water and oil. In this model, CO2 is mutually soluble in aqueous and hydrocarbon phases, while other components, except water,exist in hydrocarbon phase. The Peng–Robinson(PR) equation of state and the Wong–Sandler mixing rule with non-random two-liquid parameters are used to calculate CO2 fugacity in the aqueous phase. One-dimensional and three-dimensional CO2 flooding examples show that a significant amount of injected CO2 is dissolved in water. Our simulation shows 7% of injected CO2 can be dissolved in the aqueous phase, which delays oil recovery by 4%. The gas rate predicted by the model is smaller than the conventional model as long as water is undersaturated by CO2, which can be considered as 'lost' in the aqueous phase. The model also predicts that the delayed oil can be recovered after the gas breakthrough, indicating that delayed oil is hard to recover in field applications. A three-dimensional example reveals that a highly stratified reservoir causes uneven displacement and serious CO2 breakthrough. If mobility control measures like water alternating gas are undertaken, the solubility e ects will be more pronounced than this example.

Calculation of Viscosities of Liquid Mixtures Using Eyring's Theory in Combination with Cubic Equations of State

Cubic equations of state (EOS) have been combined with the absolute rate theory of Eyring to calculate viscosities of liquid mixtures. A modified Huron-Vidal gE-mixing rule is employed in the calculation and in comparison with the van Laar and the Redlich-Kister-type mixing rule. The EOS method gives an accurate correlation of liquid viscosities with an overall average deviation less than 1% for 67 binary systems including aqueous solutions. It is also successful in extrapolating viscosity data over a certain temperature range using parameters obtained from the isotherm at a given temperature and in predicting viscosities of ternary solutions from binary parameters for either polar or associated systems.

Calculation of Viscosities of Liquid Mixtures Using Eyring’s Theory in Combination with Cubic Equations of State

Cubic equations of state EOS have been combined with the absolute rate theory of Eyring to calculate viscosities of liquid mixtures. A modified Huron-Vidal gE-mixing rule is employed in the calculation and in com- parison with the van Laar and the Redlich-Kister-type mixing rule. The EOS method gives an accurate correlation of liquid viscosities with an overall average deviation less than 1% for 67 binary systems including aqueous solu- tions. It is also successful in extrapolating viscosity data over a certain temperature range using parameters obtained from the isotherm at a given temperature and in predicting viscosities of ternary solutions from binary parameters for either polar or associated systems.

Fano Resonances Can Provide Two Criteria to Distinguish Majorana Bound States from Other Candidates in Experiments

There are still debates on whether the observed zero energy peak in the experiment by Stevan et al. [Science 346 （2014） 602] reveals the existence of the long pursued Ala.jorana bound states （MBSs）. We propose that, by mounting two scanning tunneling microscopic tips on top of the topological superconducting chain and measuring the transmission spectrum between these two metallic tips, there are two kinds of characteristics on the spectrum that are caused by A.IBSs uniquely： One is symmetric peaks with respect to zero energy and the other is 4~r period caused by a nearby dosephson junction. The former refers to the fact that MBSs are eomposited by Alajorana fermions which distributed in the particle and hole subspaees equally. The latter is based on the well known 4w period of Josephson effect in topological superconductor. We think that such two characteristics can be used as criteria to distinguish MBSs from other candidates, such as impurities, Kondo effect and traditional Andreev bound states.

H_(∞) state estimation for Markov jump neural networks with transition probabilities subject to the persistent dwell-time switching rule

We investigate the problem of H_(∞) state estimation for discrete-time Markov jump neural networks. The transition probabilities of the Markov chain are assumed to be piecewise time-varying, and the persistent dwell-time switching rule,as a more general switching rule, is adopted to describe this variation characteristic. Afterwards, based on the classical Lyapunov stability theory, a Lyapunov function is established, in which the information about the Markov jump feature of the system mode and the persistent dwell-time switching of the transition probabilities is considered simultaneously.Furthermore, via using the stochastic analysis method and some advanced matrix transformation techniques, some sufficient conditions are obtained such that the estimation error system is mean-square exponentially stable with an H_(∞) performance level, from which the specific form of the estimator can be obtained. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the obtained results are verified by a numerical example.

The experience in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency with rule of thirds theory

To summarize the clinical experience of professor Luo Zhijuan in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI).It is believed that the main pathogenesis of POI is kidney deficiency.On the basis of"tonifying the kidney".We advocate the"Rule of Thirds Theory"which is to treat POI according to different stages,menstrual cycles and syndromes,the prescription can be flexibly added or decreased.And make good use of cream prescription,to ping for a period of time,the curative effect is obvious.

Professor LUO Zhijuan's experience in the treatment of infertility in elderly women

With the national second child policy, old-age fertility problem increasingly prominent, female fertility decline by the increase of age, so the incidence of infertility also will increase from the understanding of disease dialectical trichotomy therapy to summarize professor LUO Zhi-juan clinical experience infertility think the disease occurs mainly in kidney empty as this, liver and spleen viscera dysfunction to heart, wet phlegm and blood stasis as the main pathological product of common cause kidney - menstruation - ran ren - cell palace reproductive axis dysfunction and infertility.

The Temperature Dependence of the Density of States in Semiconductors

The temperature dependence of the density of energy states in semiconductors is considered. With the help of mathematical modeling of the thermal broadening of the energy levels, the temperature dependence of the band gap of semiconductors is studied. In view of the non-parabolic and the temperature dependence of the effective mass of the density of states in the allowed bands, graphs of temperature dependence of the band gap are obtained. The theoretical results of mathematical modeling are compared with experimental data for Si, InAs and solid solutions of p-Bi2-xSbxTe3-ySey. The theoretical results satisfactorily explain the experimental results for Si and InAs. The new approach is investigated by the temperature dependence of the band gap of semiconductors.

Timberland Investing and Private Property Rights in the United States of America

Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.

The Rising,Recession and Revitalization of the Traditional Industrial Base in the Northeastern United States

The distribution of American industries has been unbalanced and most of the early industrial regions were centered in northeastern America.The northeastern traditional industrial base once was called"manufacturing belt".Since the 1950s,old industrial bases in the United States have been under recession.The northeastern region was then even called"rust belt".Some issues and measures of policy were set up by the government to adjust and restructure the old industrial bases,and some are useful experience and inspirations for our country,such as setting up special branches and organizations,establishing and implementing strategic planning for the adjustment and restructure of old industrial bases,adjusting the industrial branch and system,emphasizing on environment control and preservation and so on was achieved.Learning the successful experience from America,effective countermeasures and steps must be taken to accelerate the revival of the old industrial base in Northeastern China.

Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

Collaborative multi-agent reinforcement learning based on experience propagation

For multi-agent reinforcement learning in Markov games, knowledge extraction and sharing are key research problems. State list extracting means to calculate the optimal shared state path from state trajectories with cycles. A state list extracting algorithm checks cyclic state lists of a current state in the state trajectory, condensing the optimal action set of the current state. By reinforcing the optimal action selected, the action policy of cyclic states is optimized gradually. The state list extracting is repeatedly learned and used as the experience knowledge which is shared by teams. Agents speed up the rate of convergence by experience sharing. Competition games of preys and predators are used for the experiments. The results of experiments prove that the proposed algorithms overcome the lack of experience in the initial stage, speed up learning and improve the performance.

Calculation of the Phase Equilibrium of CO2–Hydrocarbon Binary Mixtures by PR-BM EOS and PR EOS

The phase equilibrium data of CO2 hydrocarbon binary mixtures are important for the design and operation of CO 2 ood- ing, coal liquefaction, and supercritical extraction processes. Numerous pieces of binary phase equilibrium data have been obtained. Thus, models for the accurate calculation of binary and multicomponent mixtures must be developed on the basis of existing data. In this work, 3578 vapor liquid phase equilibrium data points for 10 CO 2 hydrocarbon binary mixtures, including CO2 butane, CO 2 pentane, CO 2 isopentane, C O 2 hexane, CO 2 benzene, CO 2 heptane, CO 2 octane, C O 2 non- ane, CO 2 decane, and C O 2 undecane, were collected. The PR and PR-BM equations of state (EOS) in combination with relevant mixing rules were used to calculate the phase equilibrium data of the CO 2 hydrocarbon binary mixtures. The binary interaction parameter k ij in the PR EOS was temperature independent, whereas parameters in the PR-BM EOS were functions of temperature. Thus, the phase equilibrium data and other thermodynamic properties of the binary and multicomponent mixtures at di erent temperatures and pressures can be calculated by using the parameters obtained in this work. The PR-BM EOS performed better than the PR EOS, and the average absolute deviations over the temperature range of 255.98 408.15 K calculated by the PR EOS and PR-BM EOS were less than 5.74% and 3.36%, respectively. The results calculated by the two EOS were compared with those calculated by other models, such as PPR78, PR + LCVM + UNIFAC, KIE + PR EOS + HV, and PSRK. The phase equilibrium data of CO 2 butane decane, CO 2 hexane decane, and C O 2 octane decane ternary mixtures were calculated by the two EOS. The average overall deviations for the CO 2 mole fractions calculated by the two EOS were less than 7.66%.

Difference in Number of Electrons in Inner Shells of Charged or Uncharged Elements in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry: Compatibility with the Even-Odd Rule

The recently introduced even-odd rule has been shown to successfully represent chemical structures of ions and molecules. While comparing available drawings in the scientific literature with the list of compounds predicted by the even-odd rule, it became however obvious that existing compounds are fewer than expected. Several predicted compounds involving many covalent bonds have apparently never been experimentally observed. Neutral oxygen for instance is expected to have 6 valence electrons, whereas oxygen can only build a maximum of two bonds, as in water. This specificity is observed for elements in the top-right corner of the periodic table. For compounds to contain only single covalent bonds, and thus follow the even-odd rule, further explanations are necessary. The present paper proposes that those specific elements experience a transfer of electrons from the valence shell into the inner shell, making them unavailable for further bonding. These elements will be described as organic, hereby providing a clear and hopefully unifying definition of the term. In opposition, inorganic elements have a constant inner shell no matter their electrical state or the number of bonds they maintain. More than 70 compounds involving 11 elements of the main group are studied, revealing a progression from fully inorganic elements at the left of the periodic table to fully organic elements. The transition between inorganic or organic elements is made of few elements that take an organic form when negatively charged;they are labelled semi-organic. The article concludes that the fully organic elements of the main group are Oxygen and Fluorine, whereas semi-organic elements are more numerous: C, N, S, Cl, Se, Br and I. Thus, the even-odd rule becomes fully compatible with scientific knowledge of compounds in liquid or gaseous phase.

Weather induced subtidal flows through multiple inlets of an arctic microtidal lagoon

Estuarine processes in the arctic lagoons are among the least studied but important subjects, especially considering the rapid warming of arctic water which may change the length of ice-free period in the summer. In this paper, wind-driven exchange flows in the micro-tidal Elson Lagoon of northern Alaska with multiple inlets of contrasting widths and depths are studied with in situ observations, statistical analysis, numerical experiments, a regression model on the basis of dynamics, and remote sensing data. Water velocity profiles were obtained from a bottom deployed acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) in the northwestern Eluitkak Pass connecting the Beaufort Sea to the Elson Lagoon during a 4.9 day ice-free period in the summer of 2013. The subtidal flow is found correlated with wind(R^2 value ～96%). Frequently occurring east, northeast and north winds from the arctic atmospheric high-and low-pressure systems push water from the Beaufort Sea into the lagoon through the wide inlets on the eastern side of the lagoon, resulting in an outward flow against the wind at the narrow northwestern inlet. The counter-wind flow is a result of an uneven wind forcing acting through the asymmetric inlets and depth,an effect of "torque" or vorticity. Under northwest wind, the exchange flow at the northwestern inlet reverses its direction, with inward flows through the upwind northwestern inlet and outward flows through the downwind eastern inlets. A regression model is established based on the momentum equations and Taylor series expansions. The model is used to predict flows in July and August of 2015 and July of 2017, supported by available Landsat satellite images. About 73%–80% of the time the flows at Eluitkak Pass are out of Elson Lagoon for the summer of 2015 and 2017. Numerical experiments are conducted to corroborate the findings and illustrate the effects under various wind conditions. A quasi-steady state balance between wind force and surface pressure gradient is confirmed.

Preliminary Results from Numerical Experiments of a Heavy Rain Process with PENN STATE / NCAR MM5

PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 is used to simulate precipitation of the heavy rain process during 12-13 July 1994.The effects of different PBL parameterizations,resolvable scale moisture schemes and cumulus parameterization on the process rainfall simulation are investigated.By comparing the results of hydrostatic and nor.hydrostatic experiments,the nonhydrostatic impact upon precipitation is also examined.It is found in this study thai PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 has advantage not only in theory but also in simulating results with real data.In MM5.however,the selection of physical processes,especially water-cycle process,is very important and crucial to precipitation forecast of the case.It is concluded that the model with Grell (1993) scheme for convection and condensation method for resolvable scale precipitation captured the rainstorm during 12-13 July 1994 in Beijing area more successfully

A Modified Mixing Rule for PSRK Model and Application for the Prediction of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Polymer Solutions

To extend the PSRK (predictive Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state) model to vapor-liquid equilibria of polymer solutions, a new EOS-gE mixing rule is applied in which the term ∑ xi ln(b/bi) in the PSRK mixing rule for the parameter a, and the combinatorial part in the original universal functional activity coefficient (UNIFAC) model are cancelled. To take into account the free volume contribution to the excess Gibbs energy in polymer solution, a quadratic mixing rule for the cross co-volume bij with an exponent equals to 1/2 is applied[bij1/2= 1/2(bi1/2+bj1/2)]. The literature reported Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (SRK EOS) parameters ofpure polymer are employed. The PSRK model with the modified mixing rule is used to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of 37 solvent-polymer systems over a large range of temperature and pressure with satisfactory results.

Traditional Chinese medicine Master XIONG Jibo’s medication experience in treating arthralgia syndrome through data mining

Objective This study aimed to examine and propagate the medication experience and group formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Master XIONG Jibo in diagnosing and treat-ing arthralgia syndrome(AS)through data mining.Methods Data of outpatient cases of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018,along with cases recorded in A Real Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor:XIONG Jibo's Clinical Medical Record 1,which was published in December 2019.The five variables collected from the patients’data were TCM diagnostic information,TCM and western medicine diagnoses,syndrome,treatment,and prescription.A database was established for the collected data with Excel.Using the Python environment,a custom-ized modified natural language processing(NLP)model for the diagnosis and treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo was established to preprocess the data and to analyze the word cloud.Frequency analysis,association rule analysis,cluster analysis,and visual analysis of AS cases were performed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform(V3.0)and RStudio(V4.0.3).Results A total of 610 medical records of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from the case database.A total of 103 medical records were included after data screening criteria,which comprised 187 times(45 kinds)of prescriptions and 1506 times(125 kinds)of Chinese herbs.The main related meridians were the liver,spleen,and kidney meridians.The properties of Chinese herbs used most were mainly warm,flat,and cold,while the flavors of herbs were mainly bitter,pungent,and sweet.The main patterns of AS included the damp heat,phlegm stasis,and neck arthralgia.The most commonly used herbs for AS were Chuanniuxi(Cyathu-lae Radix),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),and Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma).The most common effect of the herbs was“promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis”,followed by“supple-menting deficiency(Qi supplementing,blood supplementing,and Yang supplementing)”,and“dispelling wind and dampness”.The data were analyzed with the support≥15%and con-fidence=100%,and after de-duplication,five second-order association rules,39 third-order association rules,39 fourth-order association rules,and two fifth-order association rules were identified.The top-ranking association rules of each were“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)+Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”and“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)+Huangbo(Phello-dendri Chinensis Cortex)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”,respectively.Five clusters were obtained using cluster analysis of the top 30 herbs.The herbs were mainly dry-ing dampness,supplementing Qi,and promoting blood circulation.The main prescriptions of AS were Ermiao San(二妙散),Gegen Jianghuang San(葛根姜黄散),and Huangqi Chongteng Yin(黄芪虫藤饮).The herbs of core prescription included Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Mugua(Chaenomelis Fructus),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macro-phyllae Radix),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen).Conclusion Clearing heat and dampness,relieving collaterals and pain,and invigorating Qi and blood are the most commonly used therapies for the treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo.Additionally,customized NLP model could improve the efficiency of data mining in TCM.