Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension in a patient with primary myelofibrosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency that has a 10%hospital mortality rate.According to the etiology,this disease can be divided into acute varicose veins and nonvaricose veins.Bleeding from esophageal varices is a life-threatening complication of portal hypertension.Portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome defined as a portal venous pressure that exceeds 10 mmHg.Cirrhosis is the most common cause of portal hypertension,and thrombosis of the portal system not associated with liver cirrhosis is the second most common cause of portal hypertension in the Western world.Primary myeloproliferative disorders are the main cause of portal venous thrombosis,and somatic mutations in the Janus kinase 2 gene(JAK2 V617F)can be found in approximately 90% of polycythemia vera,50% of essential thrombocyrosis and 50% of primary myelofibrosis.CASE SUMMARY We present a rare case of primary myelofibrosis with gastrointestinal bleeding as the primary manifestation that presented as portal-superior-splenic mesenteric vein thrombosis.Peripheral blood tests revealed the presence of the JAK2 V617F mutation.Bone marrow biopsy ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of myelofibrosis(MF-2 grade).CONCLUSION In patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension and vein thrombosis without cirrhosis,the possibility of myeloproliferative neoplasms should be considered,and the JAK2 mutation test should be performed.

Minimal change disease caused by polycythemia vera: A case report

BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera(PV),often attributed to the JAK2 V617F mutation,is characterized by enhanced red blood cell counts in the peripheral blood.PV-associated renal disease is clinically rare;to date,there have been reports of other chronic kidney diseases related to PV,but no reports on PV-associated minimal change disease.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old man presented with proteinuria and high red blood cell count on January 4,2021.The patient underwent bone marrow and renal biopsies,then was subsequently diagnosed with PV and minimal change in disease.Hydroxyurea was administered and proteinuria remission was achieved.The patient’s last visit was on April 14,2022.CONCLUSION We inferred that there may be a causal relationship between PV and minimal change disease.

Serum Levels of Testosterone in Patients with Polycythemia Vera

Despite its association with vascular events such as myocardial and cerebral infarction, polycythemia vera (PV) is characterized by low serum total cholesterol levels. Because several sex hormones are derived from cholesterol, statins may induce hypogodanism in male patients. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between serum total cholesterol and sex hormone levels according to gender. Medical records of 41 patients with erythrocytosis (hemoglobin concentrations: men >18.5 g/dL;women >16.5 g/dL) collected between August 2005 and December 2014 were reviewed for patient age, and gender, as well as clinical hematology, biochemistry, and endocrinology laboratory findings. Serum levels of testosterone were lower in men with PV than in patients with reactive erythrocytosis (RE) (PV: 385 ± 78 ng/mL versus RE: 529 ± 46 ng/mL). However, serum levels of testosterone in women with PV were comparable to those in patients in the nonerythrocytic group (PV: 20.5 ± 3.5 ng/mL versus non-erythrocytic group: 21.0 ± 4.3 ng/mL). Serum levels of testosterone were not related to serum levels of cholesterol. Therefore, we speculated that lower testosterone levels were not due to lower serum levels of cholesterol, a known adverse effect of statin. In conclusion, we report for the first time that serum levels of testosterone were lower in male PV patients than in those with RE;however, serum levels of testosterone in female patients with PV were not lower.

Observation of a higher JAK2 V617F homozygous mutated clone in polycythemia vera compared to essential thrombocythemia

Single-tube bi-directional allele specific amp-lification(SB-ASA)and real-time quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction(RQ-PCR)assays were developed and performed for JAK2V617F detection on 40 polycythemia vera(PV)samples,31 essential thrombocythemia(ET)samples,40 acute leukemia samples,and 40 healthy con-trol samples.Differences between detect limitations of the two assays and their influence on the mutation detection rate were analyzed.The results showed that in some sam-ples,the JAK2V617F burden was as low as nearly 1%,and thus more JAK2V617F-positive samples were detected by RQ-PCR than by SB-ASA assay due to the former higher detect limitation.Mutation allele ratios in PV and ET samples and their relevance to biological char-acteristics were also analyzed.The results showed that the mutation allele ratio was 0.436±0.261 in PV,higher than the 0.216±0.207 in ET;percentage of certainly homo-zygous mutation carriers in PV was 40.54%,higher than the 10%in ET.However,statistical analysis showed no relevance between mutation allele burden and sex or age.Our result shows that the pathogenesis of PV and ET may be related to the mutation allele burden of JAK2V617F.

JAK2 V617F positive essential thrombocythemia developing in a patient with CD5-chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Coexistence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia （CLL） and essential thrombocythemia （ET） in a patient is extremely rare, with only 10 cases reported thus far in literature. This paper describes a 94-year-old male having atypical B-CLL with CD5- （CD5-） phenotype and ET. In this patient, we performed interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis which revealed 13q14.3 deletion in 31% of B-lymphocyte nuclei and RB1 deletion in 27% of B-lymphocyte nuclei, but not in neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, we identified JAK2 V617F mutation in the peripheral blood nucleated cells and neutrophils, but not in the B- and T-lymphocyte populations. Therefore, it was concluded that the occurrence of CD5- B-CLL and ET in this patient was pathogenically independent.