Method for Analog Circuit Soft-Fault Diagnosis and Parameter Identification Based on Indictor of Phase Deviation and Spectral Radius

The soft fault induced by parameter variation is one of the most challenging problems in the domain of fault diagnosis for analog circuits.A new fault location and parameter prediction approach for soft-faults diagnosis in analog circuits is presented in this paper.The proposed method extracts the original signals from the output terminals of the circuits under test（CUT） by a data acquisition board.Firstly,the phase deviation value between fault-free and faulty conditions is obtained by fitting the sampling sequence with a sine curve.Secondly,the sampling sequence is organized into a square matrix and the spectral radius of this matrix is obtained.Thirdly,the smallest error of the spectral radius and the corresponding component value are obtained through comparing the spectral radius and phase deviation value with the trend curves of them,respectively,which are calculated from the simulation data.Finally,the fault location is completed by using the smallest error,and the corresponding component value is the parameter identification result.Both simulated and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.It is particularly suitable for the fault location and parameter identification for analog integrated circuits.

Mean Difference and Mean Deviation of Tukey Lambda Distribution

The purpose of this paper is to broaden the knowledge of mean difference and, in particular, of an important distribution model known as Tukey lambda, which is generally used to choose a model to fit data. We have obtained compact formulas, which are not yet reported in literature, of mean deviation and mean difference related to the said distribution model. These results made it possible to analyze the relationships among variability indexes, namely standard deviation, mean deviation and mean difference, regarding Tukey lambda model.

LIMSUP DEVIATIONS ON TREES

The vertices of an infinite locally finite tree T are labelled by a collection of i.i.d. real random variables {Xσ}σ∈T which defines a tree indexed walk Xr. We introduce and study theoscillations of the walk:where Φ(n) is an increasing sequence of positive numbers. We prove that for each $ belonging to a certain class of sequences of different orders, there are ξ 's depending on Φ such that 0 < OSCΦ(ξ) <∞. Exact Hausdorff dimension of the set of such ξ's is calculated. An application is given to study the local variation of Brownian motion. A general limsup deviation problem on trees is also studied.

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者步态参数、肌肉参数与影像学的相关性

背景:步态分析作为一种没有辐射的动态评估方法,可以辅助影像学检查对脊柱侧凸患者进行评估,从而减少辐射暴露。目的:分析青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者步态参数与影像学参数的相关性,并通过OpenSim仿真建模初步探索潜在机制。方法:选取Cobb角10°-45°、年龄10-18岁的青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者20例为青少年特发性脊柱侧凸组;对照组是同年龄阶段,且相同体质量指数区间的正常儿童,共计纳入40例受试者。比较两组受试者步行时空参数、运动学参数、动力学参数及步态偏差指数的差异,探索病理步态与冠状面平衡的相关性,并对相关机制进行初步研究。结果与结论:(1)步态参数组间比较结果表明,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸组患者左侧支撑相、左侧双支撑相占整个步态周期的百分比增加,同时左侧摆动相占整个步态周期的百分比减少(P <0.05);青少年特发性脊柱侧凸组患者左侧髋关节最大内收角度大于对照组,双侧髋关节最大外展角度明显小于对照组(P <0.05);两组双侧足跟初始着地时踝关节角度相比差异有显著性意义(P <0.05);青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者蹬离地面时右侧髋关节屈曲肌群峰值功率显著变小(P <0.05);(2)相关性研究结果显示,右侧髋关节最大外展角度与Cobb角呈显著正相关(r=0.552,P=0.012),右侧髋关节屈曲肌群峰值功率和C7侧方偏移呈显著负相关(r=-0.475,P=0.034),左侧足跟着地时踝关节角度与冠状面骨盆倾斜度呈显著正相关(r=0.476,P=0.034);(3)肌肉长度模拟计算结果表明,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者臀中肌肌纤维长度变化显著减少(P <0.05),双侧腹内斜肌肌纤维长度变化显著减少(P <0.05);比较两组受试者在足跟着地时的肌纤维长度发现,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者足跟初始着地时腓肠肌内外侧头和比目鱼肌的肌纤维长度均变短(P <0.05);(4)结果发现,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者躯干的姿势稳定性控制下降,表现为步频变慢、支撑相双支撑相百分比增加及摆动相百分比减少;普遍存在低足跟着地模式,是由双侧跟腱紧张引起的;青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者存在髋屈曲肌群做功能力下降,可能与关节角速度及主弯方向相关。

V_r:A new index to represent the variation rate of geomagnetic activity

By calculating the hourly standard deviation of the first-order differences of the horizontal geomagnetic com- ponent minute data, a new index Vr to represent the variation rate of the geomagnetic field was introduced. Vr-indices show similar trends in the temporal change at different observatories and have simultaneous peak values at the observatories cov- ering a large span geographically, which reveals that the source of geomagnetic disturbances represented by Vr is in the mag- netosphere. Based on the comparison among Vr, Kp and ap, it is found that generally Vr changes linearly with Kp and ap, which means that the rapid changes of magnetic field usually exist together with magnetic disturbances. But there are excep- tions. As Vr can be easily produced by individual observatory in quasi real time and is more sensitive to the variation rate of geomagnetic field rather than the field itself, it can be expected to serve for monitoring or predicting the geomagnetic-induced event in a quick and intuitive way.

Independent Relationship between Body Mass Index and LH Peak Value of GnRH Stimulation Test in ICPP Girls: A Cross-sectional Study

The effect of obesity on idiopathic central precocious puberty（ICPP） girls is still under discussion. The relationship between body mass index（BMI） and sexual hormone levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone（GnRH） stimulation test in ICPP girls is controversial and the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aims to further explore the independent effect of excess adiposity on peak luteinizing hormone（LH） level of stimulation test in ICPP girls and the role of other related factors. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 618 girls diagnosed as having ICPP, including 355 cases of normal weight, 99 cases of overweight and 164 cases of obese. The results showed that obese group had more progressed Tanner stage and no significant difference（P=0.28） in LH peak was found as basal LH value was used as a covariate. The obese group had higher total testosterone（TT）, adrenocorticotrophic hormone（ACTH）, 17-α hydroxyprogesterone（17-αOHP） and androstendione（AN）, with significantly increased fasting insulin（FIN） and homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index（HOMA-IR）. Stratified analysis showed inconsistency of the relationship between BMI-standard deviation score（BMI-SDS） and LH peak in different Tanner stages（P for interaction=0.017）. Further smoothing plot showed linear and non-linear relationship between BMI-SDS and LH peak in three Tanner stages. Then linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between BMI-SDS and LH peak in different Tanner stages, with and without different confounding factors being adjusted. In B2 stage, BMI-SDS was negatively associated with LH peak. In B3 stage, when BMI-SDS 〈1.5, as BMI-SDS increased, the level of LH peak decreased（model Ⅰ： β=–1.8, 95% CI=–4.7 to 1.1, P=0.214）. When BMI-SDS ≥1.5, BMI-SDS was significantly positively associated with LH peak（model Ⅰ： β=4.5, 95% CI=1.7 to 7.4, P=0.002）. In B4 stage, when BMI-SDS 〈1.5, BMI-SDS was negatively associated with LH peak（model Ⅰ： β=–11.6, 95% CI=–22.7 to –0.5, P=0.049）. When BMI-SDS ≥1.5, BMI-SDS was positively associated with LH peak（model Ⅰ： β=–4.2, 95% CI=–3.3 to 11.7, P=0.28）. It is concluded that there is an independent correlation between BMI-SDS and LH peak of stimulation test in ICPP girls, their relationships are different in different Tanner stages, and the effect of BMI-SDS can be affected by adrenal androgens, estradiol and glucose metabolism parameters.

The Influence Function of the Correlation Indexes in a Two-by-Two Table

In this paper we examine 5 indexes (the two Yule’s indexes, the chi square, the odds ratio and an elementary index) of a two-by-two table, which estimate the correlation coefficient ρ in a bivariate Bernoulli distribution. We will find the compact expression of the influence functions, which allow the quantification of the effect of an infinitesimal contamination of the probability of any pair of attributes of the bivariate random variable distributed according to the above-mentioned model. We prove that the only unbiased index is the chi square. In order to determine the indexes, which are less sensitive to contamination, we obtain the expressions of three synthetic measures of the influence function, which are the maximum contamination (gross sensitivity error), the mean square deviation and the variance. These results, even if don’t allow a definitive assessment of the overall optimum properties of the five indexes, as not all of them are unbiased, nevertheless they allow to appreciating the synthetic entity of the effect of the contaminations in the estimation of the parameter ρ of the bivariate Bernoulli distribution.

采用云重心评判法的港口船舶溢油综合应急能力评价

为突破单环节评价港口船舶溢油应急能力的局限性,合理配置资源,采用云重心评判法全环节评估港口船舶溢油综合应急能力,面向应急准备、预警、行动、恢复全环节,参照人-机-环境-管理系统理论和国际国内规定,建立综合应急能力评价指标体系;针对传统评价指标因素未涉及模糊性和随机性的问题,用加权偏离度确定定性指标与定量数值间的转化关系;利用层次分析法(AHP)优化评价意见,弥补评价样本欠充分带来的精度缺陷;最后,以上海港为例,对船舶溢油综合应急能力评价作实证研究。结果表明:云重心评判法能合理评价港口船舶溢油综合应急能力,为健全和完备应急能力提供理论依据,为港口船舶溢油综合应急能力评价提供了一种新思路。

颗粒体系的多尺度混合指数

对颗粒混合物均匀性的系统研究揭示了混合过程中显著的多尺度特征,特别是宏尺度上均匀的混合物在微尺度上可能表现为极度不均匀,反之亦然,同时采用不同的采样方法和混合指数表征同一混合物在同一尺度下的均匀性可能也会有所差异。尝试提出一种多尺度混合指数,即在不同尺度采用不同评价方法,并将混合指数表达为不同尺度上的分布,而不是在未定义尺度上的单一值。该多尺度表征方法可更精确与全面地反映混合物的均匀特性。

微喷带激光打孔质量评价及对喷孔流量的影响

喷孔参数和流量是研究微喷带水力性能的基础.为探究微喷带喷孔结构与喷洒特性,选取了国内外2种激光打孔的加强压边型微喷带,每组组孔包含12个喷孔,利用图像处理进行了喷孔参数测量与加工质量评价,并进行了喷孔流量试验.结果表明,2种微喷带从喷孔内侧和外侧测得的面积误差均小于10%;进口微喷带和国产微喷带喷孔的平均圆度分别为0.82~0.88和0.82~0.91,进口微喷带不同组孔内相同位置喷孔的圆度偏差系数低于0.040、流量偏差系数小于0.120,而国产微喷带喷孔的圆度偏差系数和流量偏差系数的波动较大,其值分别为0.009~0.069和0.057~0.475.因此以喷孔面积和圆度为指标,可对不同激光打孔的微喷带喷孔进行评价,当喷孔面积的波动范围和圆度偏差系数较小时,微喷带不同组孔内相同位置的喷孔流量差异性较小.

淮河流域城市扩张对耕地流失的影响

以淮河流域8个典型城市为研究区,基于30 m×30 m中国土地覆盖数据集,量化城市扩张和耕地流失的幅度、速度、模式和动态,探讨不同规模城市扩张对耕地流失影响的差异性。结果表明:1990—2021年研究区城市面积扩张了84.32%,扩张速率先减小后增大;耕地流失了8.68%,流失速率先减小后增加。耕地大幅度转变为城市用地,占新增城市用地的98.97%,占总损失耕地的83.62%,耕地持续碎片化。城市扩张对耕地流失的依赖度下降、贡献度上升。特大城市耕地流失峰值比大城市出现早。

Response of remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index to the 2006 Drought of eastern Sichuan Basin

One of the most serious droughts in last century occurred in eastern Sichuan Basin in the summer of 2006 (hereinafter called the Drought). The response of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, boarding on NASA satellites of Terra and Aqua) to the Drought was analyzed in order to reach one practicable monitoring solution for regional soil moisture. Temporal process and spatial extension of the Drought were firstly estimated with ground meteorological and hydrological observations. Then, for the whole region of Sichuan and Chongqing, the remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water In- dex (NDWI) for the summers of 2001―2006 were calculated based on 8-day composite MODIS products, which were further used to construct a new water index (Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index, NDWDI) to examine the sensitivity of remote sensing in the Drought. The study showed that the NDWDI is more sensitive to regional drought than other absolute-soil-moisture-based indices. With the new index, the study extracted the spatial-temporal characteristics of the 2006 Drought, and explored its developing and withdrawing processes, which agreed with related statistics. Compared with ground method of drought observation, the NDWDI-based remote sensing solution of this paper is more pref- erable and practicable in that the local soil properties of water consumption and supply are implicitly taken into account, and the spatial representativity limit of ground observation is circumvented to a degree as satellite remotely senses the earth surface in a way of two-dimensional pixel matrix. So, the NDWDI-based method can be used to monitor regional soil water stress situation more practically and efficiently.

多种模式降水预报的稳定性特征研究

预报的稳定性是指对同一时段在不同时间发布的多时效预报结论的一致性,是模式预报质量的一个重要方面,较大的不稳定性会给使用者造成困扰。为深入了解业务常用模式的稳定性,使用相对标准偏差指标计算不同时效预报的降水量波动大小,并改进了Flip-Flop指数(改进后简称FF_(norm)),计算多时效降水量预报变化趋势的翻转程度,衡量预报变化趋势的稳定性,对2种全球模式(ECMWF、NCEP-GFS)、3种区域模式(CMA-MESO、CMA-SH9、HHUPS-ST),在中国6个气候分区中降水预报的稳定性进行对比分析,分为实况有降水和暴雨及以上降水2种情况进行了讨论。结果表明:实况有降水时,相对区域模式来说,全球模式的多时效降水预报的相对标准偏差较小,即模式降水量预报的波动较小;各模式对西南区的西部、东北区的东部以及华南区的南部预报的波动性相对较小,西北区的西部波动性较大。就多时效降水量预报变化趋势而言,2种情况下均为CMA-MESO、NCEP-GFS和ECMWF的稳定性较好,其FF_(norm)指数小于HHUPS-ST和CMA-SH9模式,其中CMA-MESO对西南区、华南部分地区降水量预报变化趋势的稳定性较为突出;CMA-SH9的指数最大,多时效降水量预报变化趋势稳定性较差;各模式对长江中下游地区的FF norm指数相对较大,多时效预报趋势的稳定性较差。有降水时,CMA-MESO随时效临近的降水量预报变化趋势稳定(单调递增、单调递减或不变)的频次最多,其次是NCEP-GFS,2种降水情况下,该2种模式的降水量预报均为随时效临近单调递增次数大于递减次数,且CMA-MESO单调递增特征尤其显著。以上特征能够为模式调试和预报决策提供参考。

央行“言行”偏差与金融市场间长期动态相关性——基于混频DCC-MIDAS模型

运用自然语言处理方法构建央行政策操作偏离指数来衡量央行“言行”偏差的程度,并基于混频DCC-MIDAS模型对金融市场间长期动态相关性展开研究。实证结果如下:央行政策操作偏离指数对债券市场收益率波动产生负向影响,其影响主要来源于意外的货币政策紧缩;对股票市场、外汇市场收益率波动具有非对称性影响。针对金融市场间长期动态相关性影响,央行政策操作偏离指数负向影响债券-外汇市场间的长期相关性,尤其对于国债与外汇市场的长期相关性的影响更为显著;对于股票-外汇市场的长期动态相关性,央行政策操作偏离指数对其具有显著的正向影响,其影响主要来源于央行正向的“言行”偏差;央行政策操作偏离指数对于股票-债券市场的长期相关性影响不显著。

基于改进Theil指数和Shift-Share模型的2012—2021年中国产业偏离分析

文章首先通过对现有文献的梳理和分析,发现针对产业偏离的测算,传统的产业偏离度E系数、Theil指数及Shift-Share模型均存在一定的缺陷,E系数和Theil指数的缺陷主要体现在计算原理方面,而Shift-Share模型的缺陷主要表现在参照系选择的合理性和数据采集的可行性方面。然后,基于现有模型的基本原理,提出了更为合理和更具可操作性的产业偏离测算方法,再采用实证研究的方法,根据2012—2021年的数据,对中国的产业偏离情况进行具体分析,得出尽管中国存在产业偏离,但产业偏离度在逐渐减小。最后,基于修正模型的计算结果,并结合当前的国际国内环境,提出如下政策建议:1)第一产业要依靠创新和科技引领,促进农村劳动力在城乡间有序转移,实现农业生产的规模化和现代化;2)第二产业要加快产业的升级换代,建立和保持独立、自主、完整的工业体系,加大在基础研究方面的投入,尽早突破美西方的技术封锁;3)第三产业的发展重点应该在金融和科教两个方面,要进一步提升香港地区、上海和北京等城市的世界金融中心地位,依靠金融创新来规避现行国际金融体系的不利约束和影响,同时要将科教兴国战略落到实处,努力探索适合中国国情的从小学到大学各阶段的教育模式。

长江中游港口的时空演变与预测——对湖南省城陵矶港的启示

本文采用标准差椭圆、重心模型和赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数研究1998—2021年间长江中游集装箱港口的时空演变特征,同时使用线性预测方法对2025—2035年该地区港口集装箱吞吐量进行预测。研究结果表明:赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数在总体上虽有所下降,但市场结构整体上仍处于高寡占Ⅱ型,说明长江中游地区内的集装箱港口分布更加均衡并趋于分散化;长江中游港口的集装箱吞吐量重心在江西省境内,重心轨迹呈现出自东北向西南,再自东南向西北移动的趋势,标准差椭圆的主要分布态势呈现由东北至西南的分布;长江中游港口的集装箱吞吐量呈稳步增长趋势,预测在2035年能达到752万标准箱。本研究能对长江中游集装箱港口提升自身竞争力提供数据参考,以更好发挥港口的辐射带动作用,推动区域港口群协同发展。

中国灰水足迹时空动态演进及驱动因素研究

灰水足迹可从水量角度评价水环境污染程度,有助于实现水污染对水资源短缺影响的评估。中国是全球灰水足迹最大的国家,对中国灰水足迹进行全面准确核算,分析其时空动态演进特征,并准确识别其驱动因素,对缓解中国水资源短缺具有重要意义。从农业(包括种植业和畜牧业)、工业及生活三方面全面计算2011-2021年中国31个省(市、自治区,不含港澳台)的灰水足迹,采用ArcGIS空间制图、核密度估计和标准差椭圆方法分析灰水足迹时空变化特征和动态演进趋势,采用广义迪氏指数分解法探索中国灰水足迹时空动态演进的驱动因素。结果显示,1)2011-2021年中国灰水足迹及其组成均呈下降趋势,工业灰水足迹下降的比例远大于农业灰水足迹和生活灰水足迹;除西藏、青海和新疆的灰水足迹实现了增长外,其余省域的灰水足迹均呈下降趋势,且各省灰水足迹及其组成的区域差异呈缩小态势。2)河南、山东和四川的灰水足迹一直位于全国前3位,而北京、天津、上海和海南均位于全国末位;灰水足迹标准差椭圆均呈现明显的“东北-西南”分布格局,且重心略微向西移动,中国灰水足迹的总体空间分布变化较小。3)GDP和人口数一直为中国及各省灰水足迹的正向驱动因素,而灰水足迹强度、人均灰水足迹和技术效应一直为灰水足迹的负向驱动因素;GDP对灰水足迹增长的促进作用最大,灰水足迹强度对灰水足迹的降低作用最大。研究结果可为中国及各省域制定针对性水污染管理措施提供科学参考。

风电机组仿真模型准确性评估试验与方法

准确的风电机组模型及参数是分析高比例风电电力系统动态行为的前提。讨论了风电机组模型验证的诸多要素,强调风电机组模型结构需要能够反映正常运行以及低电压穿越期间的不同动态,尤其对于电压跌落及恢复期间的动态需正确模拟。阐述了仿真模型准确性的评估方法,以某风电机组的实测受扰轨迹为例,讨论了3种不同偏差指标的优缺点。分析了仿真轨迹中可能出现的“毛刺”现象,以及在模型验证中对“毛刺”现象的处理方法。指出仿真轨迹只是某一特定扰动下的结果,无法全面反映风电机组的全部动态,故现有的基于时域仿真轨迹进行模型准确性评估的方法具有一定的片面性。

Measures of Variability for Qualitative Variables Using the R Software

Although there are many measures of variability for qualitative variables, they are little used in social research, nor are they included in statistical software. The aim of this article is to present six measures of variation for qualitative variables of simple calculation, as well as to facilitate their use by means of the R software. The measures considered are, on the one hand, Freemans variation ratio, Morals universal variation ratio, Kvalseths standard deviation from the mode, and Wilcoxs variation ratio which are most affected by proximity to a constant random variable, where the measures of variability for qualitative variables reach their minimum value of 0. On the other hand, the Gibbs-Poston index of qualitative variation and Shannons relative entropy are included, which are more affected by the proximity to a uniform distribution, where the measures of variability for qualitative variables reach their maximum value of 1. Point and interval estimation are addressed. Bootstrap by the percentile and bias-corrected and accelerated percentile methods are used to obtain confidence intervals. Two calculation situations are presented: with a sample mode and with two or more modes. The standard deviation from the mode among the six considered measures, and the universal variation ratio among the three variation ratios, are particularly recommended for use.

组合断层煤层大能量矿震的前兆信息特征规律研究

屯宝煤矿WII02040501综放工作面回采期间,组合断层区域微震大能量事件频发且异常集中,为精准识别组合断层下冲击地压前兆预警信息,统计分析了工作面回采速度偏差值下有效预警时间窗范围,选取微震能量偏差值D_(e)、微震频次偏差值D_(f)为断层区冲击前兆异常指标,并融合断层总面积指标A(t)对WII02040501工作面进行综合预警。研究表明:工作面的微震能量和频次随断层距离接近而上升,进入断层区后指标达到峰值并保持高值异常,回采过断层后指标逐步降至正常水平,表明工作面微震事件受断层影响显著;大能量矿震发生前,D_(e)会先缓慢降低,然后突升,变化量大于70,大能量矿震当日能量偏差值均超过100;D_(f)则呈现先升高后降低的趋势,大能量矿震前3~5 d,频次偏差值出现低点临界值,临界值为0.47;A(t)在大能量前8 d内略微下降后迅速增大,表明组合断层受采动应力影响,导致断层活化,诱发了大能量矿震事件。