Research on the Relationship between Energy Minerals Exploitation and Economic Growth： Johansen Co-integration Analysis and Granger Causality Test

The purpose of this paper is to puts forward suggestions for the sustainable development of mineral resources by combining the benefit of economy from mineral resources with the introduction of concept of circular economic development.

Co-integration Analysis on the Relationship between Methane Energy Development and Economic Growth in the City of Huixian

Based on the statistical data of Huixian from 1992 to 2010, we analyze the long-term and short-term relationship between Huixian's methane energy development and GDP by using co-integration test and error correction model. The empirical results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between methane energy and GDP in the city of Huixian, and which is the one-way Granger causality of methane and GDP. In conclusion, the paper puts forward some steps about spurring economic growth, methane development and utilization in Huixian.

GRA BASED ANALYSIS ON FACTORS INFLUENCING CO_2 EMISSIONS IN CHINA

How to achieve the objective of reducing CO2 emissions has been an academic focus in China recently. The factors influencing CO2 emissions are the vital issue to accomplish the arduous target. Firstly, three influential factors, the energy consumption, the proportion of tertiary industry in gross domestic product （GDP）, and the degree of dependence on foreign trade, are carefully selected, since all of them have closer grey relation with China＇s COz emissions compared with others when the grey relational analysis （GRA） method is applied. The study highlights co-integration relation of these four variables using the co-integration analysis method. And then a long-term co-integration equation and a short-term error correction model of China＇s CO2 emissions are devel- oped. Finally, the comparison is exerted between the forecast value and the actual value of China＇s CO2 emissions based on error correction model. The results and the relevant statistics tests show that the pro- posed model has better explanation capability and credibility.

Time Series Analysis of Energy Intensity, Value Added Tax and Corporate Income Tax: A Case Study of the Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, Jiangxi Province, China

Unprecedented industrialization and urbanization have led to China’s poor energy efficiency. In response, the Chinese government has set goals to reduce energy consumption that may include implementing new tax policies. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between energy intensity, an indicator that measures the efficiency of energy consumption, and two sources of government revenue in China (i.e., value-added tax (VAT) and corporate income tax). As a case study, we developed a Granger co-integration model to analyze the dynamic relationship of energy intensity, VAT and corporate income tax in the non-ferrous metal industry, Jiangxi Province, China, between 1996 and 2010. Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests were used to validate the model. In our time series analyses, we found when controlling for corporate income tax, a one log unit increase of VAT resulted in a decrease of 1.17 log units of energy intensity. However, when controlling for VAT, a one log unit increase of corporate income tax resulted in an increase of 0.34 log units of energy intensity. Understanding the relationship between energy intensity and taxation in industries that consume high volumes of energy can greatly enhance China’s goal to reduce energy consumption. We believe our findings add to this on-going discussion.

Correlation analysis and causality test between Ludong-Huanghai block and South Japan

In this paper, we make a comparative analysis and correlation test for the seismic activities in the South Japan and the Ludong-Huanghai block （a secondary tectonic unit in the North China） and approach the relationship between the energy release processes of these two areas by using co-integration analysis and Granger causality test for the time series of random variables. The results show that the seismic activities in these two areas are correlative and synchronous to a certain extent, and their release series of cumulative strain energy are contemporaneously correlative. Both energy series are first-order difference stationary processes and there is secular and steady co-integration between them. We make a positive analysis on the first-order difference energy series through Granger causality test based on vector error correction （VEC） model and find there is unilateral Granger causality and prominent co-integration between the two energy release processes.

Empirical Analysis on Effect of Agricultural Financial Investment on Increase of Farmers' Income

On the basis of economic data from 1978 to 2006,the co-integration theory is applied to discuss the relation between agricultural financial investment and farmers' income.The statistic AR model is obtained.Then,it makes pulse response analysis in combination with principle of pulse response analysis.The regression results show that support in agricultural production,various agricultural operating expenses and three types of costs for agricultural science and technology are favorable to farmers' income,while expenditure in agricultural capital construction and rural relief costs hinder increase of farmers' income.The results of pulse response analysis indicate that the change in support of agricultural production and various agricultural operating expenses have positive impact on farmers' net income,and the impact is greater and greater from the second year;the response of expenditure in agricultural capital construction and rural relief cost is positive in the beginning and starts to fluctuate from the third year;the pulse response of three types of costs for agricultural science and technology is negative,lasts about five periods,and then turns to positive impact.Finally,combining characteristics of China's financial support for agriculture,it concludes that the scale,proportion and structure of financial support for agriculture are quite improper.

Analysis of the current situation and demand of green food industry in China

With the high-speed development of economy in China, people require higher and higher quality of food, and accidents of food safety in recent years have been reported, causing the promotion of consumption demand on green food. The paper firstly investigates the current situation of green food industry at home and abroad, then focuses on the analysis of the demand of green food market. We study the balance between the green food and the per capita disposable income in short and long term, through vector auto regression model and co-integration analysis on the income elasticity of demand. The paper shows that, the relationship between green food consumption and per capita disposable income is "bullwhip effect", which means that the per capita disposable income have a significant role to the green food sales in the short term, but no stable co-integration relationship in the long term.

Research on Prediction of the Scale of OTC Drug Market in China Based on Quantitative Analysis

Objective To analyze the scale of domestic OTC drug market and its influencing factors,so as to predict its future market and provide a scientific basis for pharmaceutical enterprises to grasp the opportunities in the market.Methods The scale of OTC drug market from 1999 to 2018 in China and its influencing factors were analyzed by unit root test,Granger causality test and co-integration test.Results and Conclusion From the perspective of the global pharmaceutical market,OTC drug market has broad prospects and great development potential.Since the influence of GDP and the number of elderly populations on the scale of OTC drug market is positive,the predicted growth rate of OTC market in the next three years is 5.82%,5.86%and 5.90%,respectively.

人力资本与经济增长关系实证分析——以浙江省为例

本文针对浙江省人力资本水平与经济增长水平不相匹配的经济现象,利用浙江省1985—2004年统计数据,论证了浙江人力资本与经济增长之间的关系.通过建立人力资本评价体系,运用因子分析法测算出浙江人力资本综合指数H;运用计量分析方法,论证了人力资本与经济增长之间存在着长期协整关系;通过建立模型,得出以下基本结论:浙江人力资本对经济增长有显著影响,其人力资本的产出弹性大于物资资本的产出弹性,简单劳动力的产出弹性为负值,表明人力资本对经济增长的拉动力要大于物质资本,简单劳动力已经处于过剩或饱和状态,提高劳动力素质尤为重要.对此,本文提出了相应的政策建议.

环境规制和农业科技进步的关系分析——基于波特假说的研究

波特假说主要从动态的角度论证了环境规制和农业科技进步之间的正向变化关系。而在安徽省1990-2008年的农业生产数据的基础上,选择合适的环境规制和农业科技进步的指标变量,运用Johansen协整分析方法验证了安徽省农业生产中的环境规制和农业科技进步的关系也符合这一假说,Granger因果关系检验说明了安徽省环境规制是农业科技进步产生的原因,脉冲响应分析和方差分析则更深入地从定量的角度分析了环境规制对农业科技进步影响滞后的趋势和影响程度。由实证分析可以看出,只是从静态角度来分析,环境规制是不利于农业的科技进步的;但从长期效益来看,环境规制有利于农业的科技进步。因此,在农业生态环境恶化的形势下,严格对农业废弃物的排放限制,制定较严格的农产品生产标准和产品质量标准,提高农民的环境意识和科技意识,通过强化环境规制来促使农业生产者提高农业生产技术,提高农产品品质和产品的市场竞争力就显得尤为重要。

中国货币政策行为传导的动态模型检验?——1993年～2002年的实证分析

本文基于协整理论、向量自回归(VAR)选取货币政策工具变量及宏观经济关联变量,对中国1993年～2002年间货币政策行为传导进行了模型实证检验.结果表明:信贷、货币供应量M0及汇率等货币政策工具对消费价格、消费、股价、GDP及储蓄存款的作用显著,而利率工具的作用则较小.对于投资来讲,信贷、货币供应量M1以及存贷款利率等货币政策工具的引导作用显著;而净出口、信贷、货币供应量对其几乎没有引导作用;相反,利率(市场化利率,存款利率)、汇率的引导作用却十分显著.最后,应用VEC模型对变量问的动态特性进行了冲击响应分析.

中国服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素的实证分析

本文以服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素作为研究对象,对服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素及其研究方法进行总结。在此基础上,提出影响我国服务贸易竞争力的因素。然后,选取人力资本状况、城市化率、服务贸易开放程度作为解释变量,以服务贸易国际市场占有率作为被解释变量,利用Johansen协整检验和向量误差修正模型,研究影响中国服务贸易国际市场占有率的长期和短期因素,并提出相应的政策建议。

生态脆弱区产业结构变迁的生态环境效应研究——以新疆为例

以生态脆弱的新疆为典型研究区域,选取1995-2009年时间序列数据,运用主成分分析法对新疆产业结构和生态环境质量进行综合测度,然后运用广义脉冲响应和方差分解方法分析新疆产业结构变迁对生态环境的动态影响。研究指出,"九五"以来,新疆产业结构优化水平不高,生态环境综合质量稳中有升。产业结构与生态环境变化存在长期的动态均衡关系。产业结构变迁是影响总体环境质量的关键因素,产业结构不断合理化和高度化是优化环境质量的重要途径。

我国货币需求的变动及其决定机制——基于VEC模型的实证研究

基于VEC模型对我国货币需求变动与决定机制的实证研究表明,利率对货币需求、收入和物价等宏观经济变量的影响不具有显著性,预期通货膨胀率变动会对货币需求形成强烈冲击,股票市场在长期和短期对货币需求的影响机制不同,M2余额的调整相对M1而言对经济运行具有更显著的影响。鉴于此,中央银行在货币政策制定时应以M2作为主要的调控目标,重点防范物价异动对货币需求的冲击,加强股市对货币需求的影响机制研究,突出公开市场业务在货币政策工具中的作用。

基于协整模型的旅游业与经济增长关系实证研究——以贵州省数据为例

由于旅游业和经济增长数据的非平稳性,运用Johansen协整理论对其之间的长期均衡关系进行检验,在此基础上建立误差修正模型(VECM),并采用Granger因果检验对国内、国际旅游业与经济增长之间影响的因果关系进行分析。在进行实证分析时采用软件Eviews5.0对贵州国际旅游收入的异常数据建立ARIMA(2,2,1)进行了拟合。研究表明贵州旅游业和经济增长之间存在唯一的长期均衡关系和短期变动的相互调整关系。利用VECM模型,得出了2008—2010年的贵州旅游收入和经济增长数据的预测值。

碳减排行动下的中国经济增长与碳排放脱钩分析——基于DDEPM模型预测值

基于DDEPM模型对1984-2020年的中国碳排量和GDP进行预测,对预测值进行Johansen协整检验,然后展开碳排放量与GDP的脱钩分析。结果表明,12020年单位GDP碳排放量将比2005年降低61.49%,超过中国政府碳减排目标,中国将在2014年提前实现降低幅度为40%的碳减排目标;21984-2010年,碳排放量与GDP关系整体处于弱脱钩态势,表明中国经济增长在一定程度上带动了碳排放量的增长,但是经济增长速度大于碳排放量增长速度;3预测2010-2020年十年间中国弱脱钩的状态并没有改变,表明碳减排目标的实现并未改变经济增长与碳排放的弱脱钩状态。最后根据研究结论,提出未来的研究方向。

福建省物流运输与农业经济增长的实证研究

选取福建省1978—2010年的货运量、客运量和农业生产总值作为分析指标,在对时间序列进行平稳性检验后,对福建省货运量、客运量与农业生产总值进行Johansen协整分析,并对它们进行回归分析,然后对货运量和客运量与农业生产总值之间进行了Granger因果检验。实证结果表明,福建省农业生产总值的变动与货运量和客运量的变动密切相关,货运量的增长对农业经济的发展有显著的促进作用,同时农业经济的发展也积极带动了货运量和客运量的增长。

区域智力资本对区域经济增长的作用——基于湖北省的实证研究

本文试图以湖北省1995—2006年的样板数据为对象探索区域智力资本对区域经济增长的作用。通过研究发现二者具有较强的正相关性,区域智力资本每提高1%湖北经济增长水平则提高0.754%,区域智力资本的构成要素(即区域人力资本、区域关系资本、区域结构资本和区域创新资本)对湖北经济增长水平的贡献存在显著的差异性,区域智力资本及其要素与湖北经济增长水平之间存在不同类型的均衡关系和Granger因果关系,区域智力资本及其要素对湖北经济增长水平存在不同程度的引导和促进作用。

利用时间序列分析股票价格和会计盈利的动态关系

本文应用最近发明的时间序列的计量经济学方法来检测股票价格和会计利润的动态关系,应用向量式的自回归模型,把它用于构建22家取自英国金融时报指数的英国顶级公司的股票价格和会计利润的信息的模型。力求建立一个多元的向量式自回归模型系统,并在此基础上建立一个向量式纠正误差模式,来模拟股票和盈利间的长短期关系,以此来确定它们中究竟哪个可作为内生变量和外生变量。然后利用方差的分解分析模型来确定一个单位的标准差的振动对这个系统的影响。同时本文还使用另一种方法做向量自回归系统的短期动态分析,即应用广义刺激反应模型进行分析。

工业化对环境效应影响的实证分析

运用向量自回归模型测算经济增长、工业结构、工业环境污染、工业环境治理、工业规模等因素对环境质量的影响程度。结果表明,工业规模的增多和工业结构的影响对环境污染有着促进作用,工业结构与工业环境治理呈正相关关系。脉冲响应函数结果表明,工业发展指标的一个单位标准差的正向冲击,会引起环境污染指标的同一个幅度的波动,但随着时间推移,这种冲击造成的影响逐渐减少,最终环境污染指标稳定在零增长率这一均衡水平。因此,转变经济增长方式、调整优化产业结构、发展新型化产业、提高工业环境治理投资水平是实现中国工业化环境治理目标的重要路径。