After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring coun...After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring countries of Ukraine around sanctions against Russia based on strategic considerations and the goal of maximizing national interests. Japan regarded this conflict as an important opportunity for an international strategic game, in an attempt to move and overturn the postwar international order and reconstruct the new global order with the U.S., Europe, and Japan as the core countries dominating the military, science and technology, and economic spheres. In response to the crisis, Japan made a brief policy adjustment—from the initial hesitation to the imposition of active sanctions and pressure on Russia—to reverse the passive situation on the issue of the Four Northern Islands and weaken Russia’s strength. Japan also took the opportunity to promote the “China threat theory”;strengthen the quadrilateral mechanism between the U.S., Japan, India, and Australia;provoke regional confrontation;and try to gain a new Cold War dividend.展开更多
The commencement of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor has led to the appreciation of Pakistan’s economic outlook from 5.4%to 5.8%by the World Bank.The upgraded outlook is a welcome sign but it is still trivial,essent...The commencement of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor has led to the appreciation of Pakistan’s economic outlook from 5.4%to 5.8%by the World Bank.The upgraded outlook is a welcome sign but it is still trivial,essentially attributable to the electric power crisis,which approximately trims 2%of Pakistan’s economic growth annually.Almost 60%of the CPEC(China–Pakistan Economic Corridor)funds are directed at Pakistan’s energy sector,hence,demanding careful attention of both researchers and policy analysts alike.The study is based upon a meta-analytic review of literature concerning CPEC and Pakistan’s energy sector.The results of the study demonstrate that CPEC is an easing agent for Pakistan’s energy crisis(82.30%).The results also highlight points of concern,including inadequate planning(47%),dilapidated electricity distribution system causing losses(64.7%),and an unsustainable energy mix(64.7%).The study further validates the findings via Spearman’s Rho-Correlation.The rρvalue for the possible“resolution of Pakistan’s energy crisis”is 0.5426 achieving a significance level of 98%and a corresponding p-value of 0.0252.The significant negative rρvalue attained is−0.4894 which establishes the fact that lack of planning can hinder the energy crisis resolution.展开更多
Against the background of economic globalization, the economy of many countries has been inevitably affected by the globle financial crisis. But the impact varies. China, as one of the leading countries in globalizati...Against the background of economic globalization, the economy of many countries has been inevitably affected by the globle financial crisis. But the impact varies. China, as one of the leading countries in globalization, the direct or indirect impact it suffered can be imagined. The Chinese government adopted a series of measures to deal with the financial crisis.展开更多
The paper focuses on a comparison of two contrasting approaches： having a single universal currency in a given fiscal area or supporting a concurrent presence of more competing currencies of different types. A system...The paper focuses on a comparison of two contrasting approaches： having a single universal currency in a given fiscal area or supporting a concurrent presence of more competing currencies of different types. A systemic analysis （based on studying both conventional and unorthodox literature） of the modern monetary system points out that the very type of money that is used suffers internal errors that make a crisis inevitable. The indebtedness is systemic and unavoidable in a currency that is issued as a liability. Parallel currencies are proposed as a general solution. A specific solution, including a redefined national currency, is offered too, with an outline of its possible experimental verification. Such a system could help to prevent the next economic crisis, mitigate it, or at least facilitate its leaving. The paper also deals with criticism that is held against the idea of concurrent currencies.展开更多
This paper discusses transformative learning in relation to environmental crisis in rural communities in Guanajuato （Mexico）. Environmental pollution and resource depletion have triggered reflection and perspective ...This paper discusses transformative learning in relation to environmental crisis in rural communities in Guanajuato （Mexico）. Environmental pollution and resource depletion have triggered reflection and perspective transformation across groups of rural communities. The study is qualitative and results are based on lengthy interviews, within a well-known context for the researcher. This article is the reflection on how transformative learning took place looking fol; lessons to be learnt for communities facing environmental challenges.展开更多
The global financial tsunami has swept the automobile industry and put major auto markets in the world at stake.The Ameri- can market is now between the beetle and the block,with both General Motors and Chrysler on th...The global financial tsunami has swept the automobile industry and put major auto markets in the world at stake.The Ameri- can market is now between the beetle and the block,with both General Motors and Chrysler on the verge of reshuffling.The European market has seen a plunge in both car production and sales in many countries.Several big auto companies in Japan have suffered a slump in car sales both at home and abroad.China's economy is inevitably affected,on a relatively展开更多
The global economic crisis that blew up at the end of 2006 in the United States has had extremely negative impacts on the social, political, and economic fields. The countries operating in the most affected macro area...The global economic crisis that blew up at the end of 2006 in the United States has had extremely negative impacts on the social, political, and economic fields. The countries operating in the most affected macro areas---the United States and Europe---have put through the wringer the domestic trade relationships as well as the international ones, by injecting a chain reaction into the global economic scenario. However, there are countries that seem to be free from the economic and financial contagion overflowing over the past years, as they are moved by an ＂invincible projection toward the growth＂. The present study aims to analyze how much the main emerging market of China has been effectively involved in this vicious circle. More specifically, the study intends to propose an empirical analysis on the real connection between the macroecnnomic data and the strong structure of the Chinese publicly listed companies. This paper investigates the prediction of failure among 3,220 Chinese publicly traded companies （listed companies） during the global crisis period. By analysing the financial accounting data over the past seven years （2008 to 2014）, the emerging market score （EMS） has been adopted in order to investigate the impact of the crisis on financial distress in the main emerging market of China. The results confirm the following hypotheses： On one hand, the great majority of companies have not been suffering the downturn, since 71.93% of the entire samples present no risk of financial distress during the global crisis; on the other hand, only 6.18% have a reasonable risk of financial distress.展开更多
Education has always been a deeply emotional topic for Chinese parents. A recent proposal calling for postponing boys＇ school starting age by one year has led to even more heated discussions on the topic.
In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to sub...In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.展开更多
Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions betwe...Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions between the two main methodological currents---＂objective/explanatory＂ and ＂subjective/intuitive＂--psychology is primarily influenced by its empirical-sensory foundations. This influence is actually at the origin of the disagreement since it maintains the obligation for the two currents to make reference to empirical-sensory data. Only a general model of the developing human being, assessed by its usefulness, will allow reorienting psychology towards a broader science. This would lead to a general theory of psychology, which could then facilitate the search for tools for an indirect method enabling it to go beyond empiricism.展开更多
Undoubtedly,the first and second decades of the 21st century proved to be a time of unbelievable changes that history rarely contains.At the beginning of the new Millennium,the achievement of the United States,as the ...Undoubtedly,the first and second decades of the 21st century proved to be a time of unbelievable changes that history rarely contains.At the beginning of the new Millennium,the achievement of the United States,as the sole and hegemonic superpower,was followed by the 9/11 attack,one of the most audacious in history.The“war on terror”of President George W.Bush was put shortly out of control and provoked more broadly a new wave of terror and war all over the world.Later,the 2007/2008 financial crisis erupting in Wall Street and spreading to Europe jeopardize the role of the European Union as a pillar of peace and contributor to global governance,together with the United Nations.Moreover,its manu military alliance with the United States,through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO),in their offensive to dominate the Middle East,provoked a huge refugee crisis and the rise of populism in Europe.Is there a need for the European Union to change and disregard the American struggle to maintain its hegemonic position undermined by China and other rivals?Through the Theory of International Relations,this is to be uncovered and the consequence of weakened global governance,along with the European Union’s impoverished policies towards its most fragile European member states.展开更多
In the context of economic globalization and economic crisis, China＇ s oil security issues are not merely related to energy access and consumption, but also involve many aspects of the political and economic factors ...In the context of economic globalization and economic crisis, China＇ s oil security issues are not merely related to energy access and consumption, but also involve many aspects of the political and economic factors which are becoming increasingly complex. In view of this, we should not only need to attach great importance to energy security, making full use of ＂two markets and two resources＂ to take a variety of channels to ensure oil supply diversification, but also should develop oil security strategy from a strategic level, and actively participate in international oil trading system. Furthermore, we should support China＇ s oil enterprises from the political, financial and other aspects, so as to ensure adequate, stable and affordable supply ofoil to meet China＇ s economic construction requirement.展开更多
Digital Earth(DE)is a powerful metaphor for the organisation and access to digital information through a multi-scale three-dimensional representation of the globe.Recent progress gave a concrete body to this vision.Ho...Digital Earth(DE)is a powerful metaphor for the organisation and access to digital information through a multi-scale three-dimensional representation of the globe.Recent progress gave a concrete body to this vision.However,this body is not yet self-aware:further integration of the temporal and voluntary dimension is needed to better portray the event-based nature of our world.We thus aim to extend DE vision with a Nervous System in order to provide decision makers with improved alerting mechanisms.Practical applications are foreseen for crisis management,where up-to-date situational awareness is needed.While it is traditionally built through trusted sources,citizens can play a complementary role by providing geo-referenced information known as Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI).Although workflows have been implemented to create,validate and distribute VGI datasets for various thematic domains,its exploitation in real time and its integration into existing concepts of DE,such as spatial data infrastructures,still needs to be further addressed.In this paper we suggest to bridge this gap through Sensor Web Enablement for VGI,where VGI sensing becomes a sense of the DE’s Nervous System.We discuss this approach and its applicability in the context of a forest fire scenario.展开更多
The article focuses on the nature of the relations between Turkey and Syria during the Syrian crisis.Although the relationship between Turkey and Syria had undergone some ups and downs in the last several years,both c...The article focuses on the nature of the relations between Turkey and Syria during the Syrian crisis.Although the relationship between Turkey and Syria had undergone some ups and downs in the last several years,both countries tried their best to improve their economic,political,cultural,and diplomatic relations.Indeed,Turkey introduced its model,“Moderate Islamic ideologies”,through Syria in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA).The“Arab Spring”of 2011 was a very good opportunity for Turkey to introduce its democratic Islamic dogmas which were welcomed by the Muslim Brotherhood leaders in some Arab Countries.But,the President of Syria,Bashar Al Assad,and his allies were very critical of Turkey’s policy.Thus,the article mainly explores the role of Turkey in Syria’s internal affairs,in particular,Erdogan’s policy towards Syrian crises.Besides,it examines Turkey’s domestic challenges and how Turkey has presented itself as a big supporter of the Arab Spring in the MENA.However,the article has found out that the current policies of Turkey towards the Syrian crisis are critical within the Middle East region.In other words,the conflicts and the wars against the Islamic State(ISIS)and the Kurdistan Workers’Party(PKK)weakened the bilateral relations.The Syrian refugees and the PKK are posing overwhelming challenges to Turkey’s economy and internal security.展开更多
The global economic slowdown is bad news for F1 auto racing Formula One (Fl), the world’s most expensive sport, faces major changes next season as Fl teams and the sport’s sanctioning body, the
Ireland has become the latest European country to add its name to the list of recipients of financial aid from the EU and IMF and face protests concerning its austerity program. The country was given an 85-billion-eur...Ireland has become the latest European country to add its name to the list of recipients of financial aid from the EU and IMF and face protests concerning its austerity program. The country was given an 85-billion-euro ($113-billion)展开更多
文摘After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring countries of Ukraine around sanctions against Russia based on strategic considerations and the goal of maximizing national interests. Japan regarded this conflict as an important opportunity for an international strategic game, in an attempt to move and overturn the postwar international order and reconstruct the new global order with the U.S., Europe, and Japan as the core countries dominating the military, science and technology, and economic spheres. In response to the crisis, Japan made a brief policy adjustment—from the initial hesitation to the imposition of active sanctions and pressure on Russia—to reverse the passive situation on the issue of the Four Northern Islands and weaken Russia’s strength. Japan also took the opportunity to promote the “China threat theory”;strengthen the quadrilateral mechanism between the U.S., Japan, India, and Australia;provoke regional confrontation;and try to gain a new Cold War dividend.
文摘The commencement of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor has led to the appreciation of Pakistan’s economic outlook from 5.4%to 5.8%by the World Bank.The upgraded outlook is a welcome sign but it is still trivial,essentially attributable to the electric power crisis,which approximately trims 2%of Pakistan’s economic growth annually.Almost 60%of the CPEC(China–Pakistan Economic Corridor)funds are directed at Pakistan’s energy sector,hence,demanding careful attention of both researchers and policy analysts alike.The study is based upon a meta-analytic review of literature concerning CPEC and Pakistan’s energy sector.The results of the study demonstrate that CPEC is an easing agent for Pakistan’s energy crisis(82.30%).The results also highlight points of concern,including inadequate planning(47%),dilapidated electricity distribution system causing losses(64.7%),and an unsustainable energy mix(64.7%).The study further validates the findings via Spearman’s Rho-Correlation.The rρvalue for the possible“resolution of Pakistan’s energy crisis”is 0.5426 achieving a significance level of 98%and a corresponding p-value of 0.0252.The significant negative rρvalue attained is−0.4894 which establishes the fact that lack of planning can hinder the energy crisis resolution.
文摘Against the background of economic globalization, the economy of many countries has been inevitably affected by the globle financial crisis. But the impact varies. China, as one of the leading countries in globalization, the direct or indirect impact it suffered can be imagined. The Chinese government adopted a series of measures to deal with the financial crisis.
文摘The paper focuses on a comparison of two contrasting approaches： having a single universal currency in a given fiscal area or supporting a concurrent presence of more competing currencies of different types. A systemic analysis （based on studying both conventional and unorthodox literature） of the modern monetary system points out that the very type of money that is used suffers internal errors that make a crisis inevitable. The indebtedness is systemic and unavoidable in a currency that is issued as a liability. Parallel currencies are proposed as a general solution. A specific solution, including a redefined national currency, is offered too, with an outline of its possible experimental verification. Such a system could help to prevent the next economic crisis, mitigate it, or at least facilitate its leaving. The paper also deals with criticism that is held against the idea of concurrent currencies.
文摘This paper discusses transformative learning in relation to environmental crisis in rural communities in Guanajuato （Mexico）. Environmental pollution and resource depletion have triggered reflection and perspective transformation across groups of rural communities. The study is qualitative and results are based on lengthy interviews, within a well-known context for the researcher. This article is the reflection on how transformative learning took place looking fol; lessons to be learnt for communities facing environmental challenges.
文摘The global financial tsunami has swept the automobile industry and put major auto markets in the world at stake.The Ameri- can market is now between the beetle and the block,with both General Motors and Chrysler on the verge of reshuffling.The European market has seen a plunge in both car production and sales in many countries.Several big auto companies in Japan have suffered a slump in car sales both at home and abroad.China's economy is inevitably affected,on a relatively
文摘The global economic crisis that blew up at the end of 2006 in the United States has had extremely negative impacts on the social, political, and economic fields. The countries operating in the most affected macro areas---the United States and Europe---have put through the wringer the domestic trade relationships as well as the international ones, by injecting a chain reaction into the global economic scenario. However, there are countries that seem to be free from the economic and financial contagion overflowing over the past years, as they are moved by an ＂invincible projection toward the growth＂. The present study aims to analyze how much the main emerging market of China has been effectively involved in this vicious circle. More specifically, the study intends to propose an empirical analysis on the real connection between the macroecnnomic data and the strong structure of the Chinese publicly listed companies. This paper investigates the prediction of failure among 3,220 Chinese publicly traded companies （listed companies） during the global crisis period. By analysing the financial accounting data over the past seven years （2008 to 2014）, the emerging market score （EMS） has been adopted in order to investigate the impact of the crisis on financial distress in the main emerging market of China. The results confirm the following hypotheses： On one hand, the great majority of companies have not been suffering the downturn, since 71.93% of the entire samples present no risk of financial distress during the global crisis; on the other hand, only 6.18% have a reasonable risk of financial distress.
文摘Education has always been a deeply emotional topic for Chinese parents. A recent proposal calling for postponing boys＇ school starting age by one year has led to even more heated discussions on the topic.
基金supported by the key project of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC):“Study on China-Russia Strategic Partnership for the New Era”(Grant No.20AGJ012).
文摘In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.
文摘Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions between the two main methodological currents---＂objective/explanatory＂ and ＂subjective/intuitive＂--psychology is primarily influenced by its empirical-sensory foundations. This influence is actually at the origin of the disagreement since it maintains the obligation for the two currents to make reference to empirical-sensory data. Only a general model of the developing human being, assessed by its usefulness, will allow reorienting psychology towards a broader science. This would lead to a general theory of psychology, which could then facilitate the search for tools for an indirect method enabling it to go beyond empiricism.
文摘Undoubtedly,the first and second decades of the 21st century proved to be a time of unbelievable changes that history rarely contains.At the beginning of the new Millennium,the achievement of the United States,as the sole and hegemonic superpower,was followed by the 9/11 attack,one of the most audacious in history.The“war on terror”of President George W.Bush was put shortly out of control and provoked more broadly a new wave of terror and war all over the world.Later,the 2007/2008 financial crisis erupting in Wall Street and spreading to Europe jeopardize the role of the European Union as a pillar of peace and contributor to global governance,together with the United Nations.Moreover,its manu military alliance with the United States,through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO),in their offensive to dominate the Middle East,provoked a huge refugee crisis and the rise of populism in Europe.Is there a need for the European Union to change and disregard the American struggle to maintain its hegemonic position undermined by China and other rivals?Through the Theory of International Relations,this is to be uncovered and the consequence of weakened global governance,along with the European Union’s impoverished policies towards its most fragile European member states.
文摘In the context of economic globalization and economic crisis, China＇ s oil security issues are not merely related to energy access and consumption, but also involve many aspects of the political and economic factors which are becoming increasingly complex. In view of this, we should not only need to attach great importance to energy security, making full use of ＂two markets and two resources＂ to take a variety of channels to ensure oil supply diversification, but also should develop oil security strategy from a strategic level, and actively participate in international oil trading system. Furthermore, we should support China＇ s oil enterprises from the political, financial and other aspects, so as to ensure adequate, stable and affordable supply ofoil to meet China＇ s economic construction requirement.
文摘Digital Earth(DE)is a powerful metaphor for the organisation and access to digital information through a multi-scale three-dimensional representation of the globe.Recent progress gave a concrete body to this vision.However,this body is not yet self-aware:further integration of the temporal and voluntary dimension is needed to better portray the event-based nature of our world.We thus aim to extend DE vision with a Nervous System in order to provide decision makers with improved alerting mechanisms.Practical applications are foreseen for crisis management,where up-to-date situational awareness is needed.While it is traditionally built through trusted sources,citizens can play a complementary role by providing geo-referenced information known as Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI).Although workflows have been implemented to create,validate and distribute VGI datasets for various thematic domains,its exploitation in real time and its integration into existing concepts of DE,such as spatial data infrastructures,still needs to be further addressed.In this paper we suggest to bridge this gap through Sensor Web Enablement for VGI,where VGI sensing becomes a sense of the DE’s Nervous System.We discuss this approach and its applicability in the context of a forest fire scenario.
文摘The article focuses on the nature of the relations between Turkey and Syria during the Syrian crisis.Although the relationship between Turkey and Syria had undergone some ups and downs in the last several years,both countries tried their best to improve their economic,political,cultural,and diplomatic relations.Indeed,Turkey introduced its model,“Moderate Islamic ideologies”,through Syria in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA).The“Arab Spring”of 2011 was a very good opportunity for Turkey to introduce its democratic Islamic dogmas which were welcomed by the Muslim Brotherhood leaders in some Arab Countries.But,the President of Syria,Bashar Al Assad,and his allies were very critical of Turkey’s policy.Thus,the article mainly explores the role of Turkey in Syria’s internal affairs,in particular,Erdogan’s policy towards Syrian crises.Besides,it examines Turkey’s domestic challenges and how Turkey has presented itself as a big supporter of the Arab Spring in the MENA.However,the article has found out that the current policies of Turkey towards the Syrian crisis are critical within the Middle East region.In other words,the conflicts and the wars against the Islamic State(ISIS)and the Kurdistan Workers’Party(PKK)weakened the bilateral relations.The Syrian refugees and the PKK are posing overwhelming challenges to Turkey’s economy and internal security.
文摘The global economic slowdown is bad news for F1 auto racing Formula One (Fl), the world’s most expensive sport, faces major changes next season as Fl teams and the sport’s sanctioning body, the
文摘Ireland has become the latest European country to add its name to the list of recipients of financial aid from the EU and IMF and face protests concerning its austerity program. The country was given an 85-billion-euro ($113-billion)
