界定数字记者:以“新闻专长”为标尺

数字时代谁可被称作数字记者?现有研究对数字记者的界定有技术路径和网络化路径。前者将技术视作实践过程;后者关注数字环境下传播活动的多元参与主体,但研究尚无法明确数字记者的范畴。考察实践活动中对专长的运用可以进一步明晰数字记者的边界。数字时代的新闻专长包含技能、社会-文化和伦理三个维度,分别对应技能性专长、互动性专长和伦理性专长。只有在实践活动中同时运用三类新闻专长,才可被视作数字记者,由此突破了职业视角。同时,这种界定方式可将技术物纳入数字记者的实践主体范畴,打破了以人类为中心的惯常界定方法。

论新时代厚植新闻工作者的爱国主义情怀

爱国主义情怀是新时代爱国主义教育的一个新切入点,“厚植爱国主义情怀”是习近平总书记在全国教育大会上提出的教育理论和工作要求。在新闻工作者中厚植爱国主义情怀是适应新闻舆论工作定位新变化、新闻传播生态新变化和新闻工作者队伍新变化的必然要求。新闻工作者要在坚持正确舆论导向中强化知国之理,在坚持正确工作取向中深化爱国之情,在坚持正确政治方向中砥砺强国之志,在坚持正确新闻志向中实践报国之行,不断厚植爱国主义情怀。

批判、规范与事实张力下的新闻客观性:以批判诠释学及相关争论为视角

本文从哲学诠释学与批判诠释学的争论出发,进一步探讨了伽达默尔与哈贝马斯、德里达以及卢曼关于客观性与规范性问题的争论,并将诠释学的思想发展与对新闻客观性观念的变迁结合起来,以充分理解新闻客观性问题所涉及的理论向度。通过伽达默尔与哈贝马斯的对话,客观性表明自身为融规范性与批判于一体的动态过程。基于后现代主义与卢曼系统论对客观性之争的延续,客观规范性的重要意义与困难被进一步展示,并为理解作为事实与规范之张力的客观性提供新的视域。尽管一直伴随着怀疑与争论,但新闻客观性总是在各种思想的复杂张力中找到自己的立足点,从而成为“不死之神”。

《博士论文》与马克思新闻思想的哲学起源

马克思新闻思想是马克思主义新闻观的起点,马克思新闻思想不仅源于其报刊实践,更源于其哲学思想,而作为马克思哲学思想的起点,马克思《博士论文》也是马克思新闻思想的哲学原点,需要从作为马克思哲学思想起点的《博士论文》入手,剖析马克思新闻思想的哲学起源。马克思《博士论文》中的实践哲学、时空观念和自由观念为其新闻思想的形成起到了哲学启蒙作用,马克思的报刊实践、传播观念及新闻出版自由观念从哲学角度都可以在《博士论文》中找到源头。

沉浸式新闻的生成逻辑、实践路径与价值反思

受新的数字媒介驱动,沉浸式新闻显现出虚拟现实弥合时空距离、技术仿真带来沉浸体验和人机交互产生地点幻觉三重技术逻辑。沉浸式新闻以其情境化的叙事方式和感官化的接收方式改变了传统新闻的样态,通过空间细节的多模态呈现、准客体物的生成绽出和身体远程在场的情感体验为当下和未来的新闻实践提供了新的路径。沉浸式新闻的出现改变了传统的新闻定义,引发了对新闻客观性的反思,同时为人们探讨新媒介技术语境下新闻价值和数字伦理提供了想象的空间。

英语报刊选读课的产出导向期末评价体系构建

由文秋芳提出的产出导向法(POA)是近几年中国外语教学研究中的热门教学法。其主张以“产出”为核心,通过“驱动-促成-评价”的教学步骤,让学生在课前有清晰的学习目标。但目前,产出导向法的研究仅限于以课堂为单位,其“产出”常发生在一节课的最后。基于此,其实可以把“产出”扩大到以学期为单位,更长期地通过“产出任务”激发学生整个学期的学习积极性,让学生在学期初便有清晰的学习目标。该文将尝试在英语报刊选读课程中构建基于产出导向法的产出导向的期末评价体系(POE model)。

“局内人”:英国记者乔治·何克的新闻观与在华新闻实践

在功能主义叙事下,抗战时期的在华记者往往被视为受到国家利益支配的工具,其参与话语建构的能动性时常被忽略。在客观环境和文化隔阂的限制下,战时新闻报道难以达到新闻的“整体真实”。作为在空间网络、社会规范、社会结构三重视角下战时中国的“局外人”,英国记者乔治·何克一方面冲破了多数在华记者的既定行为规范,以最大限度接近整体真实为目标,在观察和反思中逐渐形成独立的新闻观念和总体判断;另一方面弱化自身与中国平民之间的不同,通过调研基层社会这一更符合中国国情的新闻实践方式赢得了中国人民的信任,在走访和调研中深度反映底层叙事和事实真相。这种“局内人”新闻观与新闻实践模式,与何克本人主动参与历史话语建构的内驱力密不可分,也与延安时期中国共产党对外宣传交往的积极导向密切相关,它有效促进了国际社会对中国工合运动的理解支持,历史证明是符合当时中国实际的,更是有利于中国抗战胜利和社会团结的。

马克思的调查研究观初探——重读《摩泽尔记者的辩护》

调查研究是获得真知灼见的源头活水,是做好工作的基本功。《摩泽尔记者的辩护》一文是马克思通过调查研究掌握真相,为摩泽尔河沿岸贫困群众“发声”的一篇意义深刻的辩护文章,目的是驳斥莱茵省总督对《莱茵报》刊发的驻摩泽尔地区记者所撰写的两篇文章的无理指责,这是马克思关于调查研究的“开篇之作”。为后来马克思主义关于调查研究的方式方法、无产阶级的执政理念、新闻媒体工作者的政治立场等奠定了基础。文中体现的马克思调查研究观对当前党内开展调查研究工作,推动主题教育和全面建设社会主义现代化国家具有重要的启示意义。

Vague Language of Journalistic English in Syntactic Level

Vagueness is a natural character of language. Vagueness of journalistic English exists in lexical level and syntactic level as well. Lexical vagueness in journalistic English is usually resulted from the indefinite meaning of words, while in syntactic level, it may be resulted from the combined use of vague words or the employment of some sentence patterns. This thesis aims to help readers to understand journalistic English from the perspective of vague language.

Analysis of the interactive meaning of journalistic images of the human papillomavirus vaccine and the perceptions of female undergraduate students

Objectives:This paper focuses on the underlying mechanisms of women's perceptions of persuasive visual health information.Methods:In the image viewing process,a separation between the image producer and the image viewer occurs,and the connection between the two is fractured.This mixed method research included modal discourse analysis(coding based on visual grammar theory),an eye tracking experiment,a questionnaire survey,and in-depth semi-structured interviews.The interactive meanings of journalistic images related to the human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccine were identified through four sets of codes.In addition,the perceptions of female viewers were analyzed.Results:In the first set of stimuli,i.e.,the infographic,the female participants focused most of their attention on information about the nine-valent HPV vaccine.An analysis of the interactive meaning of two sets of journalistic pictures,i.e.,fictional pictures and nonfictional pictures,indicated that the image producers did not implement useful viewer involvement strategies to persuade viewers.Furthermore,female viewers focused their attention on the"similar other"during the viewing process,gazing at the patient the longest as the primary area of interest(AOI).Conclusions:The study indicates that the current persuasive visual information about the HPV vaccine needs further improvement due to the high demand for information about HPV from the Chinese female audience.

A Shallow Analysis of the Stylistic Features on Journalistic English

The language itself is experiencing delicate and endless changes with the development of the society. All changes and new things,brought by them,are most represented in mass media,including magazines,newspapers,TV,radios and etc. In reality,many learners have found that news English from journalistic materials has its own unique features,which seemingly do not meet with general English principles. The more popular dailies use a chatty,slangy,up-to-the moment way of writing,the more bewildered feeling they giving the foreign reader. Therefore,it is necessary to know more about journalistic English. This paper simply presents an analysis of the stylistic features on journalistic English,Analyzing them through three levels: the graphological features,the lexical features,and the syntactic features.

Viewpoint Arrangement and Mental Space Configuration: A Cognitive Analysis on Objectivity Construction in Journalistic Narratives

This paper presents an analysis on how objectivity is discursively constructed in journalistic narratives by drawing on the theories of viewpoint and mental space in Cognitive Linguistics. It is posited that at least three mental spaces are projected by a narrative discourse, i.e., a narrated event space, a narrating space, and a basic space, and the distance between the first two spaces determines the degree of objectivity in the narrative discourse. A schema which represents the configuration of the different spaces is proposed and applied in the analysis of journalistic narratives to explore the strategies of objectivity construction. The analysis reveals that what the different journalistic narratives have in common in the construction of objectivity is to distance the narrated event space and the narrating space with the former being foregrounded in the viewpoint arrangement.

From News Pools to Embedded Journalists： How Media Frame Wars and Conflicts？

This paper looks at the professional and ethical failure of news organizations in reporting wars, conflicts, and crises Principles of press freedom, objectivity, and impartiality are not respected, and the journalism practice is different in times of war from in normal times. Very often, the news organization sides with the position of its country, and the journalist becomes ＂nationalistic＂ and ＂patriotic＂ and sides with his/her country＇s position towards the war at the expense of impartiality, objectivity, fairness, and ethics of journalism practices. Very often, the news media are used by the military and the political forces to frame wars and conflicts along the lines of the ＂national security＂ and ＂national interests＂. The second Gulf War, 9/11 events in 2001, the Afghan War, and the third Gulf War are used as case studies to assess the different kinds of mechanisms, techniques,＇and ＂rituals＂ practiced by the media to cover and report wars and conflicts to their audiences and world opinion. Results of the study suggest that an alternative theory--＂government press coalition theory＂——should be developed to explain journalism practices and behaviors during wars and conflicts.

The Journalist as ＂Audience＂ and ＂Worker＂： Results of Empirical Research With Freelance Journalists of S^o Paulo

This article presents the results of empirical research with freelance journalists from the city of Sao Paulo, involving quantitative and qualitative research methods and the theoretical-methodological from the Reception Studies and Ergology. It is a theoretical and empirical approach, whose developments have been used by the Communication and Work Research Group of Communications and Arts School--University of SAo Paulo, Brazil. The reception from the world of work shows how changes in the labor act concretely in daily life subjectively and how they manifest in the sphere of cultural consumption. The research shows how, from the reception, the journalists reveal from which place they talk about the world, the society, and their own work. The reception is revealed as the moment par excellence ＂to talk about work＂. When talking about the other＇s work, the journalists are confronted with their own work and reveal, in their discourse, values and dramas of real activity of communication and work.

A Longitudinal Study of Job Satisfaction Among Flemish Professional Journalists

The focus of this paper is on the job satisfaction among the population of professional Flemish journalists by means of two surveys conducted in 2003 （N = 1,026） and 2008 （N = 682）. Both surveys focus on intrinsic and extrinsic variables linked to job satisfaction as well as on several predictors of job satisfaction such as type of contract, job function, age, and gender. The longitudinal perspective allows us to identify any evolutions or differences in satisfaction between 2003 and 2008. By taking into consideration previous mentioned predictors also the influence of external elements on job satisfaction can he researched. The 2003 and 2008 surveys suggest that the ＂average＂ Flemish professional journalist is fairly satisfied with the job content. However, we observe a slightly negative but non-significant shift occurring in 2008. The degree of job satisfaction seems to he related to the type of contract （freelance or employed on a permanent basis） and the job function. We noticed also a clear gender element in the discussion： Female journalists are not less satisfied but state to have more difficulties to combine the journalistic job with a private and family life.

Maintaining Power by Guarding the Gates： Journalists＇ Perceptions of Audience Participation in Online Newspapers

Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles or uploading pictures/videos. Audience participation has also emerged as a fast growing research field： The motives for focusing on audience participation have been analyzed and the kind of participatory opportunities that news media offer the audience have been mapped. Also, questions on whether audience participation should be regarded as an advantage or disadvantage to professional journalism have been discussed. This study relates to the latter perspective as it examines media practitioners＇ perceptions of audience participation. By focusing on the case of Swedish newspaper journalists, this study analyzes how audience participation is perceived to affect journalistic work and to what extent such participation is believed to benefit journalism. Based on a representative survey of Swedish journalists, conducted in 2011-2012, and a survey of journalists working at three local morning papers in Sweden, conducted in 2009, the analyses reveal a rather ambivalence attitude to audience participation among the journalistic corps.

Translation Strategies of Long and Difficult Journalistic Sentences From the Perspective of Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation Theory

Peter Newmark’s semantic translation and communicative translation theories play a guiding role in translation practice.Translating long and difficult English sentences into Chinese has been a focus of study among translators.The paper explores how to translate long and difficult journalistic English sentences into Chinese from the perspective of semantic translation and communicative translation theories,advancing four effective translating strategies for handling long and difficult journalistic English sentences:sequential translation,splitting translation,reversing translation,and recasting translation,so as to improve the readability and faithfulness of the Chinese version.

Journalists in Armed Conflicts： Neutral Observers and Their Rights in International Humanitarian Law

Just in these days during the demonstrations demanding political reforms and more democracy in Ukraine, journalists have been assaulted or have been arrested by members of the security and military forces because of their possible negative coverage. This article analyses the protection granted to media personnel according to international humanitarian law and how their work can also be jeopardized by national and international legal systems. The question arises if a special status for journalists would minimize the risk to media personnel or if the protection measures already in force are deemed to be adequate.

Cognitive Model of the Journalist on Journalism under Newspaper Industry Transformation Period

In this paper, we conduct research on cognitive model of the journalist on journalism under newspaper industry transformation period. “Journalism” is the logical starting point of theoretical journalism system that is the most abstract, general concept of journalism. Therefore, analyzing the connotation and the essence of “news activities” has special significance and value to the whole journalism, that especially theoretical journalism. All of these activities, together with the news dissemination activities as the core of the news activities, are the broad news activities. From the perspective of journalism, these activities constitute the main object of the study of journalism, news on different areas of activity, form different areas or different branches of journalism. For this, the paper proposes the cognitive model of the journalist on the journalism under newspaper industry transformation period that will promote the further development.