Many Kinds of Reserved Judgement in No-Data Problem

The reserved judgment can be broadly categorized into three types: Re-Do, Re-Set, and Natural Flowing Case (i.e. step by step in Re-Try). Hori et al. constructed the Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation and demonstrated that system theory can be applied to the possibility of Markov processes, and that decision-making approaches can be applied to sequential Bayes estimation. In this paper, we focus on the Natural Flowing Case within reserved judgment. Here, the possibility of oblique (or principal) factor rotation is considered as a part of the tandem fuzzy system that follows step by step for sequential Bayes estimation. Ultimately, we achieve a significant result whereby the expected utility can be calculated automatically without the need to construct a utility function for reserved judgment. There, this utility in Re-Do can be calculated by the prior utility, and that utility in Re-set does not exist by our research in this paper. Finally, we elucidate the relationship between fuzzy system theory and fuzzy decision theory through an applied example of Bayes-Fuzzy theory. Fuzzy estimation can be applied to only normal making decision, but it is impossible to apply abnormal decision problem. Our Vague, specially Type 2 Vague can be applied to abnormal case, too.

SPOT BEAM JUDGEMENT ALGORITHM IN LEO SATELLITE BASED ON OPNET

Low earth orbit（LEO）satellite constellation networks have a predominance of global coverage with low propagation delays.A new spot beam judgement algorithm is presented in LEO satellite constellation.At first,judgement of central spot beam is considered.Then the judgement of outlying spot beam is achieved by two algorithms.One is 2-D space judgement algorithm and the other is 3-D space judgement algorithm.Based on these algorithms,an Iridium model implemented on OPNET with dynamic topology nodes and network layer protocols is presented and simulation results are obtained.The simulation results show that the satellite serving time has obviously increased through the method of longest visible time criterion and the equal beam width model is validated.

TWO APPROACHES TO IMPROVING THE CONSISTENCY OF COMPLEMENTARY JUDGEMENT MATRIX

By the transformation relations between complementary judgement matrix and recip- rocal judgement matrix,this paper proposes two methods for improving the consistency of com- plementary judgement matrix and gives two simple practical iterative algorithms.These two al- gorithms are easy to implementon computer,and the modified complementary judgementmatri- ces remain most information that original matrix contains.Thus the methods supplement and develop the theory and methodology for improving consistency of complementary judgement matrix

On consistency of the weighted arithmetical mean complex judgement matrix

The weighted arithmetical mean complex judgement matrix （WAMCJM） is the most common method for aggregating group opinions, but it has a shortcoming, namely the WAMCJM of the perfectly consistent judgement matrices given by experts canot guarantee its perfect consistency. An upper bound of the WAMCJM＇s consistency is presented. Simultaneously, a compatibility index of judging the aggregating extent of group opinions is also introduced. The WAMCJM is of acceptable consistency and is proved provided the compatibilities of all judgement matrices given by experts are smaller than the threshold value of acceptable consistency. These conclusions are important to group decision making.

Grey System Judgment on Reliability of Mechanical Equipment

he Grey system theory -was applied in reliability analysis of mechanical equip-ment. It is a new theory and method in reliability engineering of mechanical engineering of mechanical equipment. Through the Grey forecast of reliability parameters and the reliability forecast of parts and systems, decisions were made in the real operative state of e-quipment in real time. It replaced the old method that required mathematics and physical statistics in a large base of test data to obtain a pre-check , and it was used in a practical problem. Because of applying the data of practical operation state in real time, it could much more approach the real condition of equipment; it-was applied to guide the procedure and had rather considerable economic and social benefits.

The Application of Multi-level Fuzzy Judgement in the Appraisement of Green Products

The appraisement of "the green level" for a green product is a problem that has to deal with multi aspects and multi stratification. According to the property of the items that affect "the green level" of the product, they can be divided into aspects, elements and factors. These make appreciable grades. Multi level fuzzy judgement can solve the appraisement problem that considers the influences of design, manufacture, use and recovery in all life cycle or multi life cycle of a product. In the judging process it not only deals with the action of all factors, but also continues to have all messages in grade judgement. The power coefficients stand out as the main items. An example is given to show the judgement process.

HYDROCHEMICAL INDEXES OF SEAWATER INTRUSION AND COMPREHENSIVE JUDGEMENT ON INTRUSIVE DEGREE

The paper discusses the use of five hydrochemical indexes in evaluating seawater intrusion, and ranking the intrusion degree for Cl -, M, Br -, rHCO 3/rCl and SAR. The fuzzy mathematical comprehensive judgement model has been adopted as the method of adjustment. Based on more than 300 water samples obtained from four typical profiles in the coastal region of Laizhou Gulf during the period from June 1993 to June 1995, we made a comprehensive judgement of seawater intrusion degree. The result shows that intrusion degree was becoming heavier from June 1993 to June 1994, but more steady and inactive in the high level of intrusion degree in the perennial severe intrusion zone from December 1994 to June 1995. Since entering the 1990s up to now, the process of seawater intrusion has translated from its peak developmental stage from the 1970s to the 1980s into a stage of equilibrium and slow development mainly because the intruded area expanded inland, precipitation increased at some extent recently and various measures of prevention and harness begin to show the effect.

The Application of Multi-level Fuzzy Judgement in the Appraisement of Green Products

The appraisement of "the green level" for a green p ro duct is a problem that has to deal with multi-aspect and multi-stratification. According to the property of the items that affect "the green level" of the pro duct, they can be divided into aspects, elements and factors. These make appreci able grades. The multi-level fuzzy judgement can solve the appraisement problem that considers the influences of design, manufacture, use and recovery in all- life cycle or multi-life cycle of product. In the judging process it is not onl y deal with the action of all factors, but also continue to have all messages in grade judgement. The power coefficients stand out as the main items. An example is given to show the judgement process.

Mixed Least Square Method for Priority of Complementary Judgement Matrix and Its Algorithm

Based on the concept of multiplicative fuzzy consistent complementary judgement matrix, the mixed least square method （MLSM） for priority of complementary judgement matrix is proposed and proved. Then, the corresponding convergent iterative algorithm is given and its convergence is proved. Finally, some main properties of the developed priority method, such as rank preservation under strong condition, etc., ate introduced. The theoretical analyses show that the MLSM can sufficiently reflect the preference information of the decision maker, and is easy to realize on a computer.

Consensus of the Characteristics of Clinical Judgement Utilised by Nurses’ in Their Practice: Results of a Survey

Clinical judgement is an important component of safe and effective nursing care. Clinical judgement remains a challenging cognitive process to articulate and assess. An integrative review of the literature conducted in 2016 identified 13 characteristics of clinical judgement. This paper reports the results of a 2-phase survey to obtain consensus whether these characteristics identified accurately represented nurses’ perception of clinical judgement. The 2-phase survey was administered via an online survey software tool. The survey in phase 1 sought Yes/No answers for nurse academics with recruitment via a hyperlink in an email to individuals identified from University websites, Google and published articles. In phase 2, the survey was modified to a Likert scale and recruitment occurred via online networks and was open to all nurses. The results identified that the characteristics accurately represented the nurse’s perception of clinical judgement. By articulating the characteristics, it allows clinical judgement to be easily described and can therefore be applied to both nursing research and education.

Some Basic Judgements

Great changes in the international environment facing China have taken place since the end of the Cold War. And new changes have taken place after September 11. Even so, China has constantly improved its external environment and thus it’s standing in the world has grown steadily because of its stable political situation, economic development.

THE FUZZY SYNTHETIC JUDGEMENT OF CORRELATING PARAMETER OF FIGHTER DESIGN

An expression of correlating parameter is developed which can be used to synthetically express the close combat maneuverability of fighters by the method of fuzzy mathematics. On the basis of analysis of fighter maneuvering performances, this paper proposes the parameters ωA,ωs, and SEP to measure the maneuvering performances. The linear weighted method, which is one of the basic methods of transforming several objects to a single object in mathematics programming, is used to determine the form of the correlating parameter expression. The focal point of this paper's work is to determine the weight coefficients of maneuvering performances in the expression. In order to solve this problem, the inverse problem of synthetic judgement in fuzzy mathematics is employed. The development of the equation of fuzzy relationship in this paper is based on the judgement data, which are gathered from many experts working in aeronautical field. Therefore, the expression of correlating parameter developed by this paper can be used in the design object at aircraft conceptual design stage and the judgement of synthetical measurement of the maneuverability of fighters.

Whether Females are Facing Harsher Judgements than Males in The Society

Are Chinese female more easily blamed than male because of transgressions?To find the answer of this question,we designed an experiment.The hypothesis was:women are more constrained by social norms than men in China.Chinese have clear expectations to how people should act,and norms apply to women.However,perhaps these expectations might be mitigated when Chinese go abroad and exposed to more culturally looser countries.Moreover,these effects might increase with the longer exposure.In this experiment,we compare people’s attitudes to identical men and women behavior.We mainly hypothesis that(1)There is Greater exception of conformity for women and strevter judgement against women in China.(a)Students study in a culturally looser country have less gender bias toward women.(b)Longer time abroad(in a culturally looser country)mitigate gender bias toward women.(2)Chinese language promotes the formation of expectations to women’s behaviors.

The Analysis of ATTITUDE on Speech in The Joy Luck Club--From the Perspective of APPRAISAL Systems

This thesis takes advantage of the sub-category- ATTITUDE in APPRAISAL Systems to track the high- light of The Joy Luck Club written by American-Chinese novelist Amy Tan,focusing on one theme： June＇ s recollection on the colfflict she and her mother used to have. It mainly analyzes the interpersonal meaning of the selected speech, and different modes of speech concerning the expression of attitude.

基于知识图谱、国标和评价通则的瓦斯抽采达标评判

在评价通则基础上,引入知识管理理论、知识图谱方法,更好地对标GB/T45001,是一个值得探索的领域。通过比较分析法与实例分析法发现:知识图谱、国标GB/T45001、评价通则三者,要素相似、流程相近、体系相通;对照国标GB/T45001,可以从要素角度增强安全评价指标体系的完整性;引入知识图谱,可以从流程角度增益安全管理的合理性;基于知识图谱,可以梳理瓦斯抽采达标评判指标体系中所涉及的流程,构建瓦斯抽采达标评判指标体系。该研究揭示了融合知识图谱、国标GB/T45001开展安全评价的基本原理,验证了根据此基本原理进行具体安全评价指标体系构建的可行性。研究成果有助于提高安全评价指标体系构建的科学性,同时为瓦斯抽采达标评判办法的修订完善提供理论依据。

Report for Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation in No-Data Problem

It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, where two states of nature are existing upon us. Any system is regarded as the two-dimensional variable error model. On the other hand, we consider that the fuzziness is existing in this system. Though we can usually obtain the fuzzy number from the possibility theory, it is not fuzzy but possibility, because the possibility function is as same as the likelihood function, and we can obtain the possibility measure by the maximal likelihood method (i.e. max product method proposed by Dr. Hideo Tanaka). Therefore, Fuzzy is regarded as the only one case according to Vague, which has both some state of nature in this world and another state of nature in the other world. Here, we can consider that Type 1 Vague Event in other world can be obtained by mapping and translating from Type 1 fuzzy Event in this world. We named this estimation as Type 1 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. When the Vague Events were abnormal (ex. under War), we need to consider that another world could exist around other world. In this case, we call it Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. Where Hori et al. constructed the stochastic different equation upon Type 1 Vague Events, along with the general following probabilistic introduction method from the single regression model, multi-regression model, AR model, Markov (decision) process, to the stochastic different equation. Furthermore, we showed that the system theory approach is Possibility Markov Process, and that the making decision approach is Sequential Bayes Estimation, too. After all, Type 1 Bays-Fuzzy estimation is the special case in Bayes estimation, because the pareto solutions can exist in two stochastic different equations upon Type 2 Vague Events, after we ignore one equation each other (note that this is Type 1 case), we can obtain both its system solution and its decision solution. Here, it is noted that Type 2 Vague estimation can be applied to the shallow abnormal decision problem with possibility reserved judgement. However, it is very important problem that we can have no idea for possibility reserved judgement under the deepest abnormal envelopment (ex. under War). Expect for this deepest abnormal decision problem, Bayes estimation can completely cover fuzzy estimation. In this paper, we explain our flowing study and further research object forward to this deepest abnormal decision problem.

Effect of Cross-Modal Perceptual Training on Audiovisual Integration in Older Adults

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the plasticity of perceptual sensitivity and compensatory mechanisms of audiovisual integration (AVI) in older adults. However, the impact of perceptual training on audiovisual integrative abilities remains unclear. Methods: This study randomly assigned 40 older adults to either a training or control group. The training group underwent a five-day audiovisual perceptual program, while the control group received no training. Participants completed simultaneous judgment (SJ) and audiovisual detection tasks before and after training. Results: Findings indicated improved perceptual sensitivity to audiovisual synchrony in the training group, with AVI significantly higher post-test compared to pre-test (9.95% vs. 13.87%). No significant change was observed in the control group (9.61% vs. 10.77%). Conclusion: These results suggested that cross-modal perceptual training might be an effective candidate cognitive intervention to ease the dysfunction of unimodal sensory.

基于监测反馈与三维数值计算的大坝安全实时评判系统研发与应用

湖南省水库大坝建设数量居国内首位,对数量及类型众多的水库大坝安全状态进行实时高效的管控和评判是水利管理的一大难题。为构建集监测分析、模拟仿真、安全评估于一体的全流程、可视化、数字化的大坝安全实时评价系统,结合大坝监测数据与三维建模分析技术对大坝的安全状态进行综合评判,研发了基于监测反馈与三维数值计算的大坝安全实时评判系统,并在湖南省六都寨水库中应用,实现了水库大坝安全状态可感知、能评判、早预警,并实时在线展示其状态,有效提高大坝安全管理效率。研究成果可为类似工程监测管理提供参考。

类案类判:道德应当还是法律应当

类案类判具有法律应当与道德应当的双重属性,将其定位于纯粹的道德应当或法律应当面临诸多困境。因此,我们有必要在理论构造层面构建两者之间的协同实现机制,探求类案类判在司法实践中的实现规程。总体而言,法律应当优先于道德应当是较为现实的选择,也是形式正义的基本要求,但法律应当优先并不当然否定法官道德应当的反思精神。道德应当是实现实质正义必不可少的重要环节,在时势变更、法律修订等特殊情形下,道德应当的地位需优于法律应当。具体而言,在理论构造层面要坚持法律应当优先前提下的道德应当优先的兼顾;在实践层面要坚持道德应当指导下的法律应当制度化推进。

“三线一单”信息系统设计与实现

为推动“三线一单”成果的共享应用,利用WebGIS、GeoServer、OpenLayers、PostgreSQL等技术,设计了“三线一单”成果数据库,开发了“三线一单”信息系统。该系统面向生态环境部门实现了“三线一单”成果的版本管理、信息共享、大屏展示、空间查询等,同时提供了空间冲突分析、项目准入分析、项目选址分析等研判分析功能,为建设项目选址、工业园区规划等提供科学参考;面向社会公众实现了“三线一单”成果的可视化展示、统计分析、信息查询等,方便社会公众了解感兴趣区域的环境管控要求,增强了参与度和获得感。