The author would like to inform the readers that the correct form of title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographic bioinformatics system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂ , content in ab-stract ＂The computa...The author would like to inform the readers that the correct form of title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographic bioinformatics system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂ , content in ab-stract ＂The computational approaches like remote sensing, geographic information system （GIS） and bioinformatics are the key re-sources for the detection and distribution of vectors, patterns, ecologi- cal and environmental factors and genomic and proteomic analysis.＂, and keyword ＂geographical bioinformatics systems （GIS）＂ should be read as follows： title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographical bioinformation system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂, content in abstract ＂The com-putational approaches like remote sensing, geographical information system （GIS） and bioinformat-ics are the key re-sources for the detection and distribution of vectors, patterns, ecological and envi-ronmental factors and genomic and proteomic analysis.＂, and keyword ＂geographical bioinformation system （GIS） ＂.展开更多
Objective:To identify potential vectors of kala-azar from Northern plains of Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods:The collections were made using sticky paper traps,CDC light-traps,and aspirators from outdoors as well as indo...Objective:To identify potential vectors of kala-azar from Northern plains of Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods:The collections were made using sticky paper traps,CDC light-traps,and aspirators from outdoors as well as indoors.All female sandflies were dissected and identified. Results:During January 2009 to July 2009,528 phlebotomine specimens were collected including 329 males(62.3%) and 199 females(37.7%),approximately 238(45%) of them were captured from indoor and 290(55%) from outdoor resting places.Five species belonging to the genera Phlebotomus(8%) and Sergentomyia(92%) were recorded.Conclusions:Public health measures such as case detection and treatment,the control of sandflies,the conjunction elimination of infected stray dogs and health education can be effective in controlling the disease.展开更多
Objective:Visceral leishmaniasis(Kala-azar) is endemic in many countries including Bangladesh.Clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in children and adult may vary and at time may simulate many tropical and h...Objective:Visceral leishmaniasis(Kala-azar) is endemic in many countries including Bangladesh.Clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in children and adult may vary and at time may simulate many tropical and hepatobiliary diseases.Jaundice and ascites are not common in kala-azar patients.Methods:During the period of January 2005 to December 2006,all the records of the confirmed kala-azar patients presented with jaundice were included in this study.Kala-azar was confirmed by serology test ICT(Immuno Chromatography) and Bone Marrow study.Results:Total 12 kala-azar patients were encountered during this period.Among these twelve cases,presenting features were jaundice(7),splenomegaly(12),hepatomegaly(11) and ascites (4).Initial clinical diagnosis of chronic liver disease(CLD) was made in(5),Congenital hemolytic anaemia in(1) and kala-azar in rest of the patients(6 ).Common leucopenia and relative lymphocytosis was not observed in any patients.Conclusion:Kala-azar may present with various clinical manifestation in children and adult.Jaundice can be considered to be a common manifestation particularly in pediatric kala-azar patients.Otherwise,it may mislead to another diagnosis if it is taken as a rare feature in kala-azar.展开更多
Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the sand-fly Phlebotomus martini is endemic in certain foci in north-eastern Uganda where it is thought to be confined ...Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the sand-fly Phlebotomus martini is endemic in certain foci in north-eastern Uganda where it is thought to be confined to Pokot county, Amudat district. Amudat hospital records (April 1998-March 1999) indicated that kala-azar accounted for about 17% of hospital in-patients. However the actual prevalence of kala-azar infection in the community in Pokot county is unknown. This lack of information limits efforts geared towards its control. Objective: To determine the prevalence of kala-azar infection in Pokot county. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pokot county in March 2010. The study participants were ≥ 5 years and were randomly selected from the age and sex strata in the chosen clusters. A questionnaire that elicited demographic profiles of participants was used for data collection. Standard procedure for direct agglutination test using blood samples collected from participants on blotting papers was performed. Data was entered in EPIINFO 3.3 and exported to STATA 10, where descriptive statistics were generated. Results: The overall prevalence of kala-azar infection in Pokot county was 17.2% but the prevalence of symptomatic infection in the community was 2.5%. The ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic kala-azar was 1:6. Loroo sub-county had the highest prevalence of kala-azar infection followed by Karita and Amudat sub-counties at 31.9%, 14.6% and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusion: With kala-azar infection prevalence at 17.2% in the community, there is an urgent need to institute control program spearheaded by ministry of health, in the region. Furthermore, recent reports of cases from other districts within the region, the heterogeneous distribution of infection within the county and the current risk factors, including the role of animals in kala-azar transmission in this area need to be evaluated.展开更多
The aim of this study is to focus on a disease with a potential global health risk--VL （visceral leishmaniasis） or kala-azar. By understanding the mechanism of occurrence, development and countering infection, we ca...The aim of this study is to focus on a disease with a potential global health risk--VL （visceral leishmaniasis） or kala-azar. By understanding the mechanism of occurrence, development and countering infection, we can expect significant improvement in the indicators of morbidity and mortality. The specific method of transmission, as well as the necessary conditions for it, opens wide opportunities for prevention. The biophysical aspects that we present make it possible to assess the seriousness of the advancing physiological changes. This ensures adequate evaluation of the associated risks and search for an optimal therapy. We have found that from the first manifestations ofkala-azar up until today, a series of countermeasures have been taken up. Acknowledging and expecting the massiveness of the infectious process, it is possible for it to cover areas whose population is unprepared to handle the contamination optimally. This requires the continuation of studies aimed at finding the most affordable and biologically tolerable medicine. The available treatment option for visceral leishmaniasis is problematic when it comes to efficacy, adverse effects and cost, making the treatment a complex issue. Not to mention toxicity of the drugs, ability to monitor side effects, length of treatment and capacity of the healthcare service to administer an accurate therapy. The main drugs available for treatment of VL （visceral leishmaniasis） are systemic agents like Antimony, Amphotericin and nowadays the oral drug Miltefosine.展开更多
目的回顾1996～2007年新疆维吾尔自治区喀什市内脏利氏曼病的流行情况,为采取相应的防治对策提供依据。方法汇总喀什市1996～2007年的"内脏利氏曼病病人报告表",采用EPI DATA 2.1b和EPI INFO 2002录入和分析。结果1996～2007...目的回顾1996～2007年新疆维吾尔自治区喀什市内脏利氏曼病的流行情况,为采取相应的防治对策提供依据。方法汇总喀什市1996～2007年的"内脏利氏曼病病人报告表",采用EPI DATA 2.1b和EPI INFO 2002录入和分析。结果1996～2007年喀什市有内脏利氏曼病病人994例。喀什市的8个乡中的6个乡有流行,并主要集中在伯什克然木乡(占74.14%),其余乡呈散发状态;男女患者比例为1∶1.14;0～5岁和6～10岁年龄组人群病例数最多,分别占发病总数的28.87%和28.77%,随年龄的增大病例数呈减少趋势;发病人数自1996年起逐年增多,2002年达到最高峰(200例),其后逐年下降。结论喀什市仍然是内脏利氏曼病的高发区。展开更多
文摘The author would like to inform the readers that the correct form of title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographic bioinformatics system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂ , content in ab-stract ＂The computational approaches like remote sensing, geographic information system （GIS） and bioinformatics are the key re-sources for the detection and distribution of vectors, patterns, ecologi- cal and environmental factors and genomic and proteomic analysis.＂, and keyword ＂geographical bioinformatics systems （GIS）＂ should be read as follows： title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographical bioinformation system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂, content in abstract ＂The com-putational approaches like remote sensing, geographical information system （GIS） and bioinformat-ics are the key re-sources for the detection and distribution of vectors, patterns, ecological and envi-ronmental factors and genomic and proteomic analysis.＂, and keyword ＂geographical bioinformation system （GIS） ＂.
基金the University Grants Commission(U.G.C.) New Delhi,India,through project No. F.6-2(46)/2008(MRP/NRCB)
文摘Objective:To identify potential vectors of kala-azar from Northern plains of Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods:The collections were made using sticky paper traps,CDC light-traps,and aspirators from outdoors as well as indoors.All female sandflies were dissected and identified. Results:During January 2009 to July 2009,528 phlebotomine specimens were collected including 329 males(62.3%) and 199 females(37.7%),approximately 238(45%) of them were captured from indoor and 290(55%) from outdoor resting places.Five species belonging to the genera Phlebotomus(8%) and Sergentomyia(92%) were recorded.Conclusions:Public health measures such as case detection and treatment,the control of sandflies,the conjunction elimination of infected stray dogs and health education can be effective in controlling the disease.
文摘Objective:Visceral leishmaniasis(Kala-azar) is endemic in many countries including Bangladesh.Clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in children and adult may vary and at time may simulate many tropical and hepatobiliary diseases.Jaundice and ascites are not common in kala-azar patients.Methods:During the period of January 2005 to December 2006,all the records of the confirmed kala-azar patients presented with jaundice were included in this study.Kala-azar was confirmed by serology test ICT(Immuno Chromatography) and Bone Marrow study.Results:Total 12 kala-azar patients were encountered during this period.Among these twelve cases,presenting features were jaundice(7),splenomegaly(12),hepatomegaly(11) and ascites (4).Initial clinical diagnosis of chronic liver disease(CLD) was made in(5),Congenital hemolytic anaemia in(1) and kala-azar in rest of the patients(6 ).Common leucopenia and relative lymphocytosis was not observed in any patients.Conclusion:Kala-azar may present with various clinical manifestation in children and adult.Jaundice can be considered to be a common manifestation particularly in pediatric kala-azar patients.Otherwise,it may mislead to another diagnosis if it is taken as a rare feature in kala-azar.
文摘Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the sand-fly Phlebotomus martini is endemic in certain foci in north-eastern Uganda where it is thought to be confined to Pokot county, Amudat district. Amudat hospital records (April 1998-March 1999) indicated that kala-azar accounted for about 17% of hospital in-patients. However the actual prevalence of kala-azar infection in the community in Pokot county is unknown. This lack of information limits efforts geared towards its control. Objective: To determine the prevalence of kala-azar infection in Pokot county. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pokot county in March 2010. The study participants were ≥ 5 years and were randomly selected from the age and sex strata in the chosen clusters. A questionnaire that elicited demographic profiles of participants was used for data collection. Standard procedure for direct agglutination test using blood samples collected from participants on blotting papers was performed. Data was entered in EPIINFO 3.3 and exported to STATA 10, where descriptive statistics were generated. Results: The overall prevalence of kala-azar infection in Pokot county was 17.2% but the prevalence of symptomatic infection in the community was 2.5%. The ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic kala-azar was 1:6. Loroo sub-county had the highest prevalence of kala-azar infection followed by Karita and Amudat sub-counties at 31.9%, 14.6% and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusion: With kala-azar infection prevalence at 17.2% in the community, there is an urgent need to institute control program spearheaded by ministry of health, in the region. Furthermore, recent reports of cases from other districts within the region, the heterogeneous distribution of infection within the county and the current risk factors, including the role of animals in kala-azar transmission in this area need to be evaluated.
文摘The aim of this study is to focus on a disease with a potential global health risk--VL （visceral leishmaniasis） or kala-azar. By understanding the mechanism of occurrence, development and countering infection, we can expect significant improvement in the indicators of morbidity and mortality. The specific method of transmission, as well as the necessary conditions for it, opens wide opportunities for prevention. The biophysical aspects that we present make it possible to assess the seriousness of the advancing physiological changes. This ensures adequate evaluation of the associated risks and search for an optimal therapy. We have found that from the first manifestations ofkala-azar up until today, a series of countermeasures have been taken up. Acknowledging and expecting the massiveness of the infectious process, it is possible for it to cover areas whose population is unprepared to handle the contamination optimally. This requires the continuation of studies aimed at finding the most affordable and biologically tolerable medicine. The available treatment option for visceral leishmaniasis is problematic when it comes to efficacy, adverse effects and cost, making the treatment a complex issue. Not to mention toxicity of the drugs, ability to monitor side effects, length of treatment and capacity of the healthcare service to administer an accurate therapy. The main drugs available for treatment of VL （visceral leishmaniasis） are systemic agents like Antimony, Amphotericin and nowadays the oral drug Miltefosine.
文摘目的回顾1996～2007年新疆维吾尔自治区喀什市内脏利氏曼病的流行情况,为采取相应的防治对策提供依据。方法汇总喀什市1996～2007年的"内脏利氏曼病病人报告表",采用EPI DATA 2.1b和EPI INFO 2002录入和分析。结果1996～2007年喀什市有内脏利氏曼病病人994例。喀什市的8个乡中的6个乡有流行,并主要集中在伯什克然木乡(占74.14%),其余乡呈散发状态;男女患者比例为1∶1.14;0～5岁和6～10岁年龄组人群病例数最多,分别占发病总数的28.87%和28.77%,随年龄的增大病例数呈减少趋势;发病人数自1996年起逐年增多,2002年达到最高峰(200例),其后逐年下降。结论喀什市仍然是内脏利氏曼病的高发区。
