The Heterogeneity and Its Influencing Factors of Soil Nutrients in Peak-Cluster Depression Areas of Karst Region

By selecting a typical peak-cluster depression area of karst region in Southwest China, we evaluated the effect of land use types and topographic factors on soil nutrients. Grid and line sampling methods were used to sample soil in depression and slope lands respectively, and classical statistical tools were applied to analyze the spatial variability character of soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, total potassium （TK）, available nitrogen （AN）, available phosphorus （AP）, available potassium （AK）, pH, and C/N. It was found that land use type was the dominant factor that effected the spatial heterogeneity of SOC, TN, TP, TK, AN, and AP. The content of SOC, TN, and AN decreased with the increase of land use intensity. Due to high fertilizer input, TP and AP in tillage fields were higher than those in the other land use types. TK had no obvious change trend among various land use types. Topographic factors had a significant effect on SOC, TN, TP, AN, AP, AK, and pH. Habitat factor was the dominant factor that effected AK. Altitude factor was the dominant factor for pH. However, all of these factors had no significant effect on C/N. Tillage practice had important effect on soil nutrients loss and soil degradation in the fragile karst ecosystem, and the input of organic manure should be increased in this region.

The features of soil erosion and soil leakage in karst peak-cluster areas of Southwest China

Through utilizing water flow monitoring, rock scratching, soil wood piles and radionuclide ^(137)Cs tracing in the Longhe karst ecological experimental site(hereinafter referred to"Longhe site"), Pingguo County, Guangxi Province, the features and values of soil erosion and soil leakage in different geomorphologic locations and land uses in the karst peak-cluster depressions are showed clearly. There are four kinds of geomorphologic locations in the karst peak-cluster depression, namely peaks, strip, slopes and depression. The soil leakage modulus in the peaks and strips respectively occupy 92.43% and 96.24% of the total mean soil erosion modulus at experimental sites. On the slope, soil leakage accounted for about 75%. At the bottom of depression, surface water was the main factor of soil erosion, and at last most soil leaked into underground rivers from sinkholes. The total soil erosion modulus and the contribution rates of relative surface soil erosion in regard of peaks, slopes and depressions gradually increased. There are also five major types of land use in the karst peak-cluster depressions, farmland, Kudingcha tea plantations, young Lignum Sappan fields, shrub-grassland and pastures. The soil erosion modulus of slope farmland has the highest value with an increasing trend year by year. But soil erosion modulus of other four land use types decreased by year, which shows the "grain for green" will result in better soil protection. By handling with rocky desertification and ecological rehabilitation in Longhe site, the mean soil erosion modulus of the karst peak-cluster depression has decreased about 80% from 2003 to 2015.

利用^(137)Cs示踪和孢粉分析法对喀斯特峰丛草地洼地泥沙沉积及侵蚀环境的研究

在贵州省茂兰喀斯特峰丛草地洼地联合运用137 Cs示踪和孢粉分析的方法,对洼地沉积泥沙剖面进行了研究。草地洼地泥沙剖面的137Cs垂直分布显示了泥沙沉积特征,以地层孢粉为主的孢粉组成显示了洼底泥沙主要来源于由碳酸盐岩石风化成土后随水流侵蚀搬运的坡地土壤颗粒。从沉积泥沙剖面的137 Cs含量、土壤颗粒结构、孢粉总浓度的垂直变化说明洼地土壤侵蚀经历了一个相对的轻微侵蚀—剧烈侵蚀—侵蚀显著减缓的变化过程;沉积泥沙剖面样品中的现代孢粉组成出现从蕨类、草本、乔木(松)孢粉占优势到以适应喀斯特石生环境的蕨类孢粉和草本孢粉占优势的变化,指示了洼地环境植被出现从含稀疏常绿落叶松的草丛退化为草丛的变化。喀斯特峰丛草地洼地的泥沙沉积过程与洼地植被演变和洼地侵蚀环境变化具有密切联系。