General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

基于多尺度Laws纹理能量和低秩分解的织物疵点检测算法

为提高织物疵点检测算法对简单纹理织物、模式纹理织物及条纹纹理织物检测时的普适性和准确性,提出了一种基于多尺度Laws纹理能量和低秩分解的织物疵点检测算法。首先,对织物图像进行直方图均衡化并将处理后的图像均匀划分为子图像块;其次,对每个子图像块提取28个纹理能量特征(利用7个Laws滤波模板在4个尺度上提取),计算所有子图像块提取到的特征均值并组成特征矩阵;然后,利用特征矩阵构建低秩分解模型,通过方向交替方法(ADM)优化求解,得到低秩部分和稀疏部分;最后,由稀疏部分生成疵点显著图,采用迭代阈值分割法对其进行分割,得到织物疵点检测结果。为验证该算法的有效性,在织物图像数据集选取了包含错纬、断经、跳花、破洞等常见疵点的织物图像,并将实验结果与已有3种算法进行了对比。实验结果表明,该算法在简单纹理织物、模式纹理织物及条纹纹理织物检测上具有更好的普适性和准确性,且检测效率具有一定优势。

Scaling Laws Behind Penetrative Turbulence:History and Perspectives

An unstably stratified flow entering into a stably stratified flow is referred to as penetrative convection,which is crucial to many physical processes and has been thought of as a key factor for extreme weather conditions.Past theoretical,numerical,and experimental studies on penetrative convection are reviewed,along with field studies providing insights into turbulence modeling.The physical factors that initiate penetrative convection,including internal heat sources,nonlinear constitutive relationships,centrifugal forces and other complicated factors are summarized.Cutting-edge methods for understanding transport mechanisms and statistical properties of penetrative turbulence are also documented,e.g.,the variational approach and quasilinear approach,which derive scaling laws embedded in penetrative turbulence.Exploring these scaling laws in penetrative convection can improve our understanding of large-scale geophysical and astrophysical motions.To better the model of penetrative turbulence towards a practical situation,new directions,e.g.,penetrative convection in spheres,and radiation-forced convection,are proposed.

Nonuniform Dependence on the Initial Data for Solutions of Conservation Laws

In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results apply to all nonlinear scalar conservation laws and to nonlinear hyperbolic systems of two equations.

Literature overview of basic characteristics and flotation laws of flocs

Flocculation flotation is the most efficient method for recovering fine-grained minerals,and its essence lies in flotation and recovery of flocs.Fundamental physical characteristics of flocs are mainly determined by their apparent particle size and structure(density and morphology).Substantial researches have been conducted regarding the effect of floc characteristics on particle settling and water treatment.However,the influence of floc characteristics on flotation has not been widely studied.Based on the floc formation and flocculation flotation,this study reviews the fundamental physical characteristics of flocs from the perspectives of floc particle size and structure,summarizing the interaction between floc particle size and structure.Moreover,it thoroughly discusses the effect of floc particle size and structure on floc floatability,further revealing the influence of floc characteristics on bubble collision and adhesion and elucidating the mechanisms of interaction between flocs and bubbles.Thus,it is observed that floc particle size is not the only factor influencing flocculation flotation.Within the appropriate apparent particle size range,flocs with a compact structure exhibit higher efficiency in bubble collision and adhesion during flotation,thereby resulting in enhanced flotation performance.This study aims to provide a reference for flocculation flotation,targeting the development of more efficient and refined flocculation flotation processes in the future.

Dimension by Dimension Finite Volume HWENO Method for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

In this paper,we propose a finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory(HWENO)method based on the dimension by dimension framework to solve hyperbolic conservation laws.It can maintain the high accuracy in the smooth region and obtain the high resolution solution when the discontinuity appears,and it is compact which will be good for giving the numerical boundary conditions.Furthermore,it avoids complicated least square procedure when we implement the genuine two dimensional(2D)finite volume HWENO reconstruction,and it can be regarded as a generalization of the one dimensional(1D)HWENO method.Extensive numerical tests are performed to verify the high resolution and high accuracy of the scheme.

On the Use of Monotonicity-Preserving Interpolatory Techniques in Multilevel Schemes for Balance Laws

Cost-effective multilevel techniques for homogeneous hyperbolic conservation laws are very successful in reducing the computational cost associated to high resolution shock capturing numerical schemes.Because they do not involve any special data structure,and do not induce savings in memory requirements,they are easily implemented on existing codes and are recommended for 1D and 2D simulations when intensive testing is required.The multilevel technique can also be applied to balance laws,but in this case,numerical errors may be induced by the technique.We present a series of numerical tests that point out that the use of monotonicity-preserving interpolatory techniques eliminates the numerical errors observed when using the usual 4-point centered Lagrange interpolation,and leads to a more robust multilevel code for balance laws,while maintaining the efficiency rates observed forhyperbolic conservation laws.

基于Laws与Gabor滤波的田间西兰花花球识别技术

正确识别西兰花田间位置是实现西兰花自动化采收的基础,西兰花花球颜色与植株的叶片、茎秆相似,仅通过颜色特征无法对西兰花进行识别,本文以成熟期的田间西兰花为研究对象,提出了一种基于纹理特征与颜色特征的西兰花识别算法。首先通过预处理以及Laws滤波对图像进行边界纹理强化,再通过Gabor滤波对图像进行纹理特征向量提取,并对提取后的纹理特征向量进行z⁃score标准化,随后对标准化后的纹理特征向量进行K⁃means聚类与开运算,获取花球潜在存在区域。同时对RGB图像进行HSV转换,通过对图像的H分量进行阈值分割达到滤除地面像素的效果。最终对纹理特征识别与颜色特征识别的结果进行融合,实现对田间西兰花的识别。算法通过结合纹理与颜色特征,对田间西兰花进行了识别,解决了西兰花的花球与茎叶等背景颜色相近难以识别的问题。本文共使用792幅图像进行试验,试验结果表明,本方法可以准确地对西兰花田间图像进行识别,其精确率为96.96%,召回率为94.41%,F1值为95.67%。通过对3组不同拍摄环境的数据集进行算法识别,3组数据集的F1值始终保持在94%以上,具有良好的拍摄环境适应性,为农业机器人进行西兰花自动化采收奠定了基础。

Regularity of Fluxes in Nonlinear Hyperbolic Balance Laws

This paper addresses the issue of the formulation of weak solutions to systems of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws as integral balance laws.The basic idea is that the“meaningful objects”are the fluxes,evaluated across domain boundaries over time intervals.The fundamental result in this treatment is the regularity of the flux trace in the multi-dimensional setting.It implies that a weak solution indeed satisfies the balance law.In fact,it is shown that the flux is Lipschitz continuous with respect to suitable perturbations of the boundary.It should be emphasized that the weak solutions considered here need not be entropy solutions.Furthermore,the assumption imposed on the flux f(u)is quite minimal-just that it is locally bounded.

Relationship between the Three Laws of Dialectics of Nature and Agricultural Development

Based on the three laws of dialectics of nature-the law of unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality and the law of negation of negation, this paper analyzes the relationship between the three laws and agricultural development, and proposes making good use of the three laws to promote the better development of agriculture and realize agricultural modernization.

Simulation of the Behaviour Laws in the Thermal Affected Zones of the 13Cr-4Ni Martensitic Stainless Steel

During the welding, many phenomena occur. The materials deform under the action of residual stresses. This tendency is due to the high gradients of temperature during the process. These deformations are really difficult for many professionals operating in the area. In the goal to predict these variations, one has established the behaviour laws which will be applied to evaluate residual stresses and strains. This research is focused on the study of the Thermal Affected Zone (TAZ) during the welding of the 13Cr-4Ni martensitic stainless steel. The TAZ does not know any change of state (solid/liquid). It only knows the metallurgical phase change (austenite/martensite). There are three types of behaviour laws in this study: thermal, mechanical and metallurgical behaviour laws. The thermal behaviour law serves to evaluate the temperature field which induces the mechanical strains. The mechanical behaviour law serves to evaluate spherical stress (pressure) and deviatoric stress which compose the residual stress. It also helps to measure the total strain. The metallurgical behaviour law serves for the evaluation of the metallurgical phase proportions. To validate the modelling developed in this study, one has made the simulations to compare the results obtained with the analytical and experimental data.

Darboux transformation,infinite conservation laws,and exact solutions for the nonlocal Hirota equation with variable coefficients

This article presents the construction of a nonlocal Hirota equation with variable coefficients and its Darboux transformation.Using zero-seed solutions,1-soliton and 2-soliton solutions of the equation are constructed through the Darboux transformation,along with the expression for N-soliton solutions.Influence of coefficients that are taken as a function of time instead of a constant,i.e.,coefficient functionδ(t),on the solutions is investigated by choosing the coefficient functionδ(t),and the dynamics of the solutions are analyzed.This article utilizes the Lax pair to construct infinite conservation laws and extends it to nonlocal equations.The study of infinite conservation laws for nonlocal equations holds significant implications for the integrability of nonlocal equations.

Exploration of the Inner Laws of Urbanization Economic Operation and Application Analysis

Exploring the inner law of the economic operation of urbanization can understand the regulation mechanism of the optimal distribution of urban resource allocation. In this regard, we propose to explore and analyze the inner law of urbanization economic operation and its application. The study found that the urbanization economy originated from the urban agglomeration effect, which includes the agglomeration economic operation mechanism and spillover effect operation mechanism, based on which three kinds of inner laws of urbanization economic operation are explored, combined with the economic operation law, the non-equilibrium state of the declining cities are regulated and applied, and the results show that the analysis of the inner laws of urbanization economic operation has a direct significance in guiding the real economic process.

On High-Resolution Entropy-Consistent Flux with Slope Limiter for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

This paper proposes a new version of the high-resolution entropy-consistent(EC-Limited)flux for hyperbolic conservation laws based on a new minmod-type slope limiter.Firstly,we identify the numerical entropy production,a third-order differential term deduced from the previous work of Ismail and Roe[11].The corresponding dissipation term is added to the original Roe flux to achieve entropy consistency.The new,resultant entropy-consistent(EC)flux has a general and explicit analytical form without any corrective factor,making it easy to compute and a less-expensive method.The inequality constraints are imposed on the standard piece-wise quadratic reconstruction to enforce the pointwise values of bounded-type numerical solutions.We design the new minmod slope limiter as combining two separate limiters for left and right states.We propose the EC-Limited flux by adding this reconstruction data method to the primitive variables rather than to the conservative variables of the EC flux to preserve the equilibrium of the primitive variables.These resulting fluxes are easily applied to general hyperbolic conservation laws while having attractive features:entropy-stable,robust,and non-oscillatory.To illustrate the potential of these proposed fluxes,we show the applications to the Burgers equation and the Euler equations.

新时代中国国际法学科体系的构造

构造新时代中国国际法学科体系,既是为了进一步落实习近平有关学科建设的指示精神,也是为了改变国际法在整个法学体系中的地位与中国世界大国的地位不相称的状况,以及弥补我国涉外法治人才严重短缺的短板。中国国际法学科体系的构造,需要进一步厘清涉外法、涉外法治、对外关系法、国内法与国际法的关系,以及涉外法学、国际法与法学一级学科的关系。在中国国际法学科体系构造的过程中,最为重要的是构建国际法学一级学科专业。未来中国国际法学发展的任务主要包括:弘扬国际法治理念、为人类命运共同体的构建提供法治保障,传播中国国际法观、提升中国国际法理念的国际影响力,提高运用国际法的能力以及补齐涉外法治的短板等。涉外法治人才培养和推动国际法研究的理论创新,则成为今后中国国际法学者的应然使命。未来中国国际法学的发展方向涉及架设国际法与国内法沟通的桥梁、谨慎使用“涉外法学”名称,以及在国际法教育与研究中凸显中国的国际法理论与实践等。

人工智能体执法并承担执法责任的可能性

人工智能体执法正成为数字法治政府建设的重要表现,将会对以人的行为作为逻辑底色而建构的法律秩序形成冲击。人工智能体或许可以拥有有限的法律人格及有限的责任能力,并为一般行为承担法律责任,但却可能面临执法权行使正当性与执法能力不足的困境。因此,人工智能体不适宜执法或行使公权力,只能承担事务性公务,其执行公务引起的责任可由人工智能体自身、供应商以及行政机关共同承担。

法治现代化的“共同特征”和“中国特色”

“中国式法治现代化”这一概念提出的理论和实践依据在于:中国式法治现代化是中国式现代化的内在组成部分;法治现代化是现代化的核心要素和重要标志;中国式法治现代化是对中国式法治现代化实践的理论表达和学理表征。世界各国法治现代化的“共同特征”包括宪法至上、尊重和保障人权、监督和制约公权、维护公平正义、构建社会秩序、促进人类和平、立足本国国情、法治文明互鉴。中国式法治现代化的特色在于坚持中国共产党领导、以人民为中心、全面依法治国、大国法治、赓续中华法治文明、面向全球化。共同特征和中国特色的完美结合构成了法治现代化的中国范式。

体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法论纲——以高质量的体育立法助推体育强国建设

加强体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法是中国体育法治建设的重要任务,也是体育强国建设的重要保障。文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法,就加强体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法的战略意义、基本遵循、主要立法内容进行了探讨。研究认为,体育事业发展中重点领域的立法主要应该加强全民健身保障立法、青少年与学校体育配套立法、竞技体育领域立法、体育产业促进立法、职业体育立法、体育市场监管立法、体育组织治理的立法;体育事业发展中新兴领域的立法主要应该重视数字体育立法、体育领域市场竞争立法、体育投融资立法、打击操纵比赛的立法;涉外体育领域的立法应该重点围绕建立起在国际体育活动中保护国家利益的法律制度来展开,并就各类涉外体育事务建立起法治化的规章制度。

The Development of Human Rights Protection in Cross-border Personality Rights and Tort Conflict Laws

Personality rights are basic rights related to human dignity in the concept of human rights protection,and respect for personality rights is the basic prerequisite for safeguarding other human rights.Human rights protection exerts a profound impact on the value of legislation and enforcement practices of private international laws in the field of cross-border personality rights infringement in various countries,which is mainly manifested in the integration of substantive justice and the humanistic care concept of protecting the rights of vulnerable groups into formal justice,and expands the development space of human rights protection ideas in cross-border personality rights and tort conflict laws.the diversity of human rights protection values determines that cross-border personality rights infringement may lead to conflicts between personality rights and other basic rights,such as freedom of speech.to reconcile such conflicts,a workable method is to prioritize personality rights protection in accordance with the hierarchy of rights theory in the value judgment of public order reservation or to clarify the limits of the right holder’s tolerance obligation through the limited application of the principle of proportionality.China’s current cross-border personality rights and tort conflict law can optimize the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups by diversifying the options of available legal methods,and establish a balancing mechanism between personality rights and freedom of speech,so as to improve China’s legal protection system for human rights in the field of foreign-related civil and commercial affairs.

习近平法治思想指导下国内法治与涉外法治的统筹推进——基于中国式现代化法治国家的构建视角

作为新时代习近平法治思想的重要组成部分,统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治是在准确把握国际国内两个大局的基础上,又立足法治中国建设的实践进程和面临的风险挑战,为更好地维护国家主权、安全和发展而提出的,对中国式现代化法治国家构建有着积极作用。既符合时代发展逻辑,更能加快法治中国建设步伐,有助于国际法治朝着良性轨道发展,是内蕴开放性、包容性和多元性理念的关键选择。统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治,应当在习近平法治思想指导下,以党的二十大精神为指引,以构建中国式现代化法治国家为出发点和落脚点,以厘清国内法治与涉外法治间的相互关系为基本逻辑,以明晰与完善国内国际双重法律规制为具体实践路径。不仅要重点解决国内法治与国际法治的良性对接问题,完善国内法律体系以应对国际法治变革,更要认真审视国际法律规范在我国域内的适用,积极推动国际法规则的发展演进。