Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult...Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells],urine-derived stem cells(USCs)have aroused interest in the past years.USCs display classical features of mesenchymal stem cells such as differentiation capacity and immunomodulation.Importantly,they have the main advantage of being isolable from one sample of voided urine with a cheap and unpainful procedure,which is broadly applicable,whereas most adult stem cell types require invasive procedure.Moreover,USCs can be differentiated into renal cell types.This is of high interest for renal cell therapy-based regenerative approaches.This review will firstly describe the isolation and characterization of USCs.We will specifically present USC phenotype,which is not an object of consensus in the literature,as well as detail their differentiation capacity.In the second part of this review,we will present and discuss the main applications of USCs.These include use as a substrate to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells,but we will deeply focus on the use of USCs for cell therapy approaches with a detailed analysis depending on the targeted organ or system.Importantly,we will also focus on the applications that rely on the use of USC-derived products such as microvesicles including exosomes,which is a strategy being increasingly employed.In the last section,we will discuss the remaining barriers and challenges in the field of USC-based regenerative medicine.展开更多
The occurrence and development of liver cancer are essentially the most serious outcomes of uncontrolled liver regeneration. The progression of liver cancer is inevitably related to the abnormal microenvironment of li...The occurrence and development of liver cancer are essentially the most serious outcomes of uncontrolled liver regeneration. The progression of liver cancer is inevitably related to the abnormal microenvironment of liver regeneration. The deterioration observed in the microenvironment of liver regeneration is a necessary condition for the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. Therefore, the use of a technique to prevent and treat liver cancer via changes in the microenvironment of liver regeneration is a novel strategy. This strategy would be an effective way to delay, prevent or even reverse cancer occurrence, development and metastasis through an improvement in the liver regeneration microenvironment along with the integrated regulation of multiple components, targets, levels, channels and time sequences. In addition, the treatment of ＂tonifying Shen（Kidney） to regulate liver regeneration and repair by affecting stem cells and their microenvironment＂ can regulate ＂the dynamic imbalance between the normal liver regeneration and the abnormal liver regeneration＂; this would improve the microenvironment of liver regeneration, which is also a mechanism by which liver cancer may be prevented or treated.展开更多
基金Institut National de la Santéet la Recherche MédicaleUniversitéde Poitiers+2 种基金CHU de PoitiersRégion Nouvelle AquitaineFondation de l’Avenir,No.AP-RM-18-006.
文摘Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells],urine-derived stem cells(USCs)have aroused interest in the past years.USCs display classical features of mesenchymal stem cells such as differentiation capacity and immunomodulation.Importantly,they have the main advantage of being isolable from one sample of voided urine with a cheap and unpainful procedure,which is broadly applicable,whereas most adult stem cell types require invasive procedure.Moreover,USCs can be differentiated into renal cell types.This is of high interest for renal cell therapy-based regenerative approaches.This review will firstly describe the isolation and characterization of USCs.We will specifically present USC phenotype,which is not an object of consensus in the literature,as well as detail their differentiation capacity.In the second part of this review,we will present and discuss the main applications of USCs.These include use as a substrate to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells,but we will deeply focus on the use of USCs for cell therapy approaches with a detailed analysis depending on the targeted organ or system.Importantly,we will also focus on the applications that rely on the use of USC-derived products such as microvesicles including exosomes,which is a strategy being increasingly employed.In the last section,we will discuss the remaining barriers and challenges in the field of USC-based regenerative medicine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373513)Research Projects of Key Diseases of the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Center,Hubei Province(No.JDZX2012054,JDZX2015172)
文摘The occurrence and development of liver cancer are essentially the most serious outcomes of uncontrolled liver regeneration. The progression of liver cancer is inevitably related to the abnormal microenvironment of liver regeneration. The deterioration observed in the microenvironment of liver regeneration is a necessary condition for the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. Therefore, the use of a technique to prevent and treat liver cancer via changes in the microenvironment of liver regeneration is a novel strategy. This strategy would be an effective way to delay, prevent or even reverse cancer occurrence, development and metastasis through an improvement in the liver regeneration microenvironment along with the integrated regulation of multiple components, targets, levels, channels and time sequences. In addition, the treatment of ＂tonifying Shen（Kidney） to regulate liver regeneration and repair by affecting stem cells and their microenvironment＂ can regulate ＂the dynamic imbalance between the normal liver regeneration and the abnormal liver regeneration＂; this would improve the microenvironment of liver regeneration, which is also a mechanism by which liver cancer may be prevented or treated.
