Clinical Nursing Intervention of Moxibustion on Abdominal Distension Symptoms in Heart Failure (Heart and Kidney Yang Deficiency and Blood Stasis Blocking Collaterals Syndrome)

Objective:To investigate the clinical nursing intervention effect of moxibustion on abdominal distension symptoms in heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome).Methods:62 patients with heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome)admitted to our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into the observation group(n=31)and the control group(n=31)by using the random numerical table method.The control group adopted conventional nursing interventions,and the observation group received the nursing program of the control group with the addition of moxibustion nursing interventions.The nursing effectiveness,quality of life scores,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The nursing effectiveness of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);the quality of life score of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of moxibustion nursing intervention in patients with heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome)can effectively relieve the symptoms of abdominal distension,improve patients'quality of life,and increase nursing satisfaction,which has promotion and application values.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the effects of Zhenwu decoction on kidney yang deficiency pattern in chronic kidney disease

Objective:To explore the kidney yang deficiency pattern(KYDP)in a chronic kidney disease(CKD)rat model and the mechanisms underlying the effects of Zhenwu decoction(ZWD)by conducting tran-scriptomic and metabolomic analyses.Methods:Adriamycin(ADR)combined with hydrocortisone(HC)was used to induce CKD with KYDP in rats.ADR was injected into the tail vein twice.HC was injected intramuscularly for 8 weeks.ZWD was administered by gavage for 8 weeks.The general condition was observed,24-h urine protein was detected,serum corticosterone,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,TSH,testosterone,cAMP,and cGMP levels were determined,and pathological analysis was conducted.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to screen differentially expressed genes(DEGs),differentially expressed metabolites(DEMs),and differentially expressed pathways(DEPs).The core DEMs and DEGs were input to Metab-oanalyst 5.0 to identify the pathways affected by ZWD.Results:In the HC group,KYDP symptoms were observed.Compared with control group,the levels of 24-h urine protein,TSH,and cGMP significantly increased(all P<0.01),and corticosterone,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,and cAMP significantly decreased(all P<0.01)in the HC group.After ZWD intervention,the levels of above-mentioned indicators could be reversed to some extent.Pathological analysis in the HC group revealed kidney lesions.DEGs in the ZWD group were mainly associated with pathways such as nucleotide synthesis and endocrine pathways.In the ZWD group,differences in biosynthesis of unsat-urated fatty acids and butanoate metabolism were observed.The following pathways were significantly affected by ZWD:arachidonic acid metabolism,valine,leucine,and isoleucine biosynthesis,linoleic acid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism.Conclusion:ZWD can be used to treat KYDP in CKD through regulating arachidonic acid metabolism,valine,leucine,and isoleucine biosynthesis,linoleic acid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism.

Regulatory mechanism of hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes in kidney-Yang deficiency based on a support vector machine model

OBJECTIVE:To study the development mechanism of kidney-Yang deficiency through the establishment of support vector machine models of relevant hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes in rats with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome.METHODS:The kidney-Yang deficiency rat model was created by intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone,and contents of the hormones of the pituita- ry-thyroid axis:thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),3,3',5-triiodothyronine(T_3) and thyroxine(T_4);hormones of the pituitary-adrenal gland axis:adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and Cortisol(CORT);and hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis:luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and testosterone(T),were determined in the early,middle,and advanced stages.Ten support vector regression(SVR) models of the hormones were established to analyze the mutual relationships among the hormones of the three axes.RESULTS:The feedback control action of the pituitary-adrenal axis began to lose efficacy from the middle stage of kidney-Kong deficiency.The contents all hormones of the three pituitary-target gland axes decreased in the advanced stage.Relative errors of the jackknife test of the SVR models all were less than 10%.CONCLUSION:Imbalances in mutual regulation among the hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes,especially loss of effectiveness of the pituitary-adrenal axis,is one pathogenesis of kidney-Yang deficiency.The SVR model can accurately reflect the complicated non-linear relationships among pituitary-target gland axes in rats with of kidney-Yang deficiency.

The Effect of Hormones of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-target Gland Axes in a Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome Model

Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome(KYDS)is a diagnostic pattern in the traditional Chinese medicine.Studies have shown that KYDS is related to the functional disorder of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axes.The standard procedure used to mimic KYDS is the injection of a high dose of exogenous glucocorticoid(hydrocortisone and corticosterone).Such a model showed symptoms such as exhaustion,body twists,cold limbs,lying crowded together,decreased rectal temperature,sexual dysfunction,decreased reaction speed,reduced spontaneous activity,hair loss,loss of appetite,and weight loss.Moreover,the model manifested an imbalance in mutual control among the hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes,including adrenocorticotrophic hormone,CORT,CRH,thyroid-stimulating hormone,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,T,E2,follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,and 17-OHCS.

Warm needling moxibustion versus electroacupuncture for simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney: a controlled clinical trial

Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy between warm needling moxibustion and electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney. Methods: Seventy patients with simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney were randomly divided into a warm needling moxibustion group and an EA group, with 35 subjects in each group. Same major acupoints were selected for the two groups, including Shuifen (CV 9), Guanyuan (CV 4), Daheng (SP 15), Shuidao (ST 28), Shousanli (LI 10), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). The warm needling moxibustion group received warm needling moxibustion, while the EA group received EA treatment. The interventions were performed once every other day, with 15 treatments as one course. The therapeutic efficacy, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were then observed and compared. Results: The total effective rate in the warm needling moxibustion group was 85.7% versus 77.1% in the EA group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The warm needling moxibustion was remarkably superior to the EA in weight loss and lowering BMI, both with statistical significance (P<0.05, P<0.01). At the three-month follow-up, the body weight and BMI further decreased in the warm needling moxibustion group (both P<0.05), and the levels were lower than those in the EA group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Warm needling moxibustion can produce reliable and consistent efficacy in the treatment of simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney. Compared with EA, warm needling moxibustion shows advantage in both short-term and long-term efficacies, and thus is worth promotion in clinical practice.

Effect of Zhuchun Pill on Immunity and Endocrine Function of Senile Kidney-Yang Daficiency

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Zhuchun pill (ZCP) on senile Kidney-Yang Deficiency (KYD). Methods: By single blind method, 45 elderly males with KYD were divided randomly into the ZCP group (treated by ZCP) and the control group (treated by placebo, starch capsule) and treated for 3 months.Results: ZCP could greatly improve the main symptoms of KYD, P < 0. 01 in comparison with the control group. After treatment, in the ZCP group, the 3H-TdR lymphocyte transformation rate, levels of serum C3,IgA, IgD, IgG and IgM, superoxide dismutase, plasma adrenocortical hormone, testosterone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate all increased, P < 0. 01, and plasma lipid peroxide decreased, P < 0. 01. While in the control group, no remarkable change was found in these parameters. Conclusion: ZCP could improve the KYD through regulating the immunity, endocrine function and scavenging the free radicals in organism.

Yang-tonifying traditional Chinese medicinal plants and their potential phytoandrogenic activity

The concept of phytoandrogens, plants that contain androgens or those that stimulate androgenic activity in men, is relatively new. In traditional Chinese medicine a number of phytoandrogens are classified in medicinal plant restoratives for reinforcing yang, and they find their application in the treatment of the kidney yang deficiency diseases. In this review, the phytoandrogens used in traditional Chinese medicine are listed, and their proven applications in the treatment of kidney yang deficiency diseases, such as sexual disorders, cancer, and obesity and associated metabolic syndromes are presented. As a background, the mechanism of action of androgens, their synthesis and metabolism, the interrelations of androgens and estrogens, as well as the state of art methods to detect and analyze these hormonal activities in medicinal plants are discussed.

长蛇灸对肾阳虚大鼠HPA轴及肝脏11β-HSD1的影响

Objective:To observe the effects of long-snake moxibustion on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical(HPA)axis and hepatic 11β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type 1(11β-HSD1)expression in rats with kidney yang deficiency to provide a basis for later in-depth exploration of the action mechanism of longsnakemoxibustion on suchrats.Methods:Fifteen SPF-grade,male,SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group,a model group,and a long-snake moxibustion treatment group,with five rats in each group.Hydrocortisone powder(30 mg/kg)was administered by gavage at a volume of 10 mL/kg to prepare the rat model of kidney yang deficiency.After successful modeling,the rats in the long-snake moxibustion treatment group underwent long-snake moxibustion treatment every other day along the governor vessel from Dazhui(GV14)to Shenshu(BL23),for a period of 14 days.The remaining two groups were secured in the same way as the long-snake moxibustion treatment group,although they did not receive any treatment.The body weight,rectal temperature,and spontaneous activity count of the rats,as well as serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH)and corticosterone(CORT)were detected by ELISA before modeling,after modeling,and after treatment.The amount of 11β-HSD1 protein in rat liver was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.Results:Compared with the rats in the blank control group,those in the model group exhibited a significant decrease in the trend of body weight growth and in rectal temperature(P<0.05),as well as a slight yet non-significant decrease in spontaneous activity count(P>0.05);compared with the rats in the model group,the rats in the treatment group exhibited a significant increase in rectal temperature(P<0.05)and in spontaneous activity count(P<0.05).Moreover,after 14 days of treatment,compared with the rats in the blank,the rats in the model group exhibited a significant decrease in serum cORT content(P<0.05)and in the expression of 11β-HSD1 in the liver(P<0.05),as well as a slight yet non-significant decrease in serum CRH content(P>0.05);compared with the rats in the model group,the rats in the treatment group exhibited a significant increase in serum CRH content(P<0.05)and in the expression of 11β-HSD1 in the liver(P<0.05),as well as a slight yet non-significant increase in serum CORT content(P>0.05).Conclusion:Long-snake moxibustion can increase the rectal temperature and spontaneous activity count of rats with kidney yang deficiency,improve the function of the HPA axis,and increase the expression of 11β-HSD1 in the liver.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model and the related risk of metabolic disorders

OBJECTIVE:To explore whether kidney Yang deficiency(KYD)is prone to metabolic disorders may be linked to impaired mitochondrial function in thermogenesis and metabolic tissues.METHODS:A rat model of KYD was used,which was established using Sprague Dawley rat dams with warm preference subjected to herbal treatment that can improve kidney Yang.The human relevance was confirmed by reduced serum corticosterone levels,and increased preference for warm location.RESULTS:KYD Rats were underdeveloped.Adenosinetriphosphate(ATP)production was reduced in the brown fat,but increased in the muscle.However,oxidative phosphorylated complexes to generate ATP and mitochondrial biogenesis marker were reduced in both tissues.When the second insult of high-fat diet(HFD)was introduced,KYD rats gained less weight yet developed more severe lipid and glucose metabolic disorders.This may be driven by disregulated liver gluconeogenesis marker forkhead box protein O1 and lipid metabolic regulator cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase.CONCLUSION:KYD rats exhibited reduced mitochondrial function in the brown fat,but were partially compensated by skeletal muscle,associated with the phenotype of warm preference and metabolic disorder,which was further exacerbated by additional HFD consumption.Future studies can focus on treatment targetting mitochondria function to reverse this phenotype.