Experimental Investigation on Viscosity of Cu-H_2O Nanofluids

A procedure for preparing a nanofluid that a solid-liquid composite material consists of solid nanoparticles with sizes typically of 1-100 nm suspended in liquid was proposed. By means of the procedure, Cu-H2O nanofluids with and without dispersant were prepared, whose sediment pho-tographs and particle size distribution were given to illustrate the stability and evenness of suspension with dispersant. The viscosity of Cu-H2O nanofluid was measured using capillary viscometers. The mass fractions（w） of copper nanoparticles in the experiment varied between 0.04% and 0.16% with the temperature range of 30-70 ℃. The experimental results show that the temperature and SDBS concentration are the major factors affecting the viscosity of the nano-copper suspensions, while the effect of the mass fraction of Cu on the viscosity is not as obvious as that of the temperature and SDBS dispersant for the mass fraction chosen in the experiment. The apparent viscosity of the copper nano-suspensions decreases with the temperature increase, and increases slightly with the increase of the mass fraction of SDBS dispersant, and almost keeps invariability with increasing the mass fraction of Cu. The influence of SDBS concentration on the viscosity of nano-suspension was relatively large comparing with that of the nanoparticle concentration.

Investigation on the Potential Production of Diesel from Waste Tires

An alternative fuel production was performed by catalytic-pyrolysis of waste tires under a nitrogen (N2) environment and with a zeolite catalyst. Pyrolysis of scrap tires has been pointed out as an alternative to the incorrect disposal of tire wastes. Pyrolysis processes can produce tire-derived oils that may be used as fuel or added to conventional fuels, producing fuel blends with improved properties and reduced cost. The pyrolysis process can contribute to removing tire residues from inadequate sites and it can be a sustainable process to produce alternative fuels. The project investigated the conversion of the waste tires into diesel as one way of waste management and also as a viable process which in turn helps to meet the fuel demand. Uses of the diesel and the by-products from the process were also outlined. Experiments were conducted on the pyrolysis process in order to find the optimum conditions for producing the diesel through pyrolysis;the temperature and residence time were optimized in order to get maximum output from the process. The optimum temperature of the reaction was found to be 520˚C and the optimum residence time was 92.5 minutes. Quality tests of the product were then conducted on the obtained product and most of the properties were found to meet the required standard specifications. The most critical properties which are density, final boiling point, flash point and kinematic viscosity, were found to be 0.8495 g/cm3, 370˚C, 50.5˚C and 3.681 cSt, respectively, and they were within the required specifications. Quality analysis showed that a quality product that is suitable for automobiles could be obtained from the process. The process also produces useful by-products such as char, which can aid in the purification process of the diesel after conversion to activated carbon. The process is environmentally friendly if the appropriate pollution prevention methods like gas absorption are thoroughly implemented. Waste tires are an alternative source of diesel and hence the feasibility of implementing the project on a large scale.

Analysis of Actual Example for Swedish EGGER Pump's Modification

We imported 23 Swedish EGGER Pumps （ EGGER ： the commercial name of the product） last year. These pumps trip frequently. Every time the pump trips, it means that the workers have to open the pump for cleaning a polymer. By analyzing the packing pump internal structure and discussing the basic reasons of the failure of the pump, we find that our chemical medium is so viscous that some of these pumps are blocked. It is important to cal- culate the pressure value of the flushing water and to determine the available pressure. Apparently, the more the flushing water increases ,the less the pump is blocked by Latex. The methods for fixing it are to change its internal structure and to add an additional cooling（flushing）water throttle plate. The results show that its tripped frequency changes from twice or 3 times per day to once per month. The effect is extending the running cycle of these pumps.

The effects of storage time on fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel blends

This study investigates the effects of storage time on fuel properties of biodiesel made from Jatropha oil and its blends with mineral diesel at different percentage compositions.The influence of storage stability on selected fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity,density,pour,cloud and flash points for Jatropha biodiesel and its blends at varying storage times were investigated using standard test methods.The biodiesel obtained through trans-esterification of Jatropha oil was blended with mineral diesel to obtain fractional samples of B20(20%biodiesel blend),B40(40%biodiesel blend),B60(60%biodiesel blend)and B100(100%neat biodiesel).Results show that kinematic viscosity and density increase for each blend over the 12 weeks of storage period.Flash,cloud and pour points decrease for each blend over the period of study.B20 was observed to be the optimum blend mix as its fuel properties were relatively unchanged over the storage period when compared to that of mineral diesel.It can be implied from the research that while properties like kinematic viscosity and density deteriorate with time;flash,cloud and pour points are observed to have improved with storage time.