The AGCU X Plus STR system is a newly developed multiplex PCR kit that detects 32 X-chromosomal STR loci simultaneously.These are DXS6807,DXS9895,linkage group 1(DXS10148,DXS10135,DXS8378),DXS9902,DXS6795,DXS6810,DXS1...The AGCU X Plus STR system is a newly developed multiplex PCR kit that detects 32 X-chromosomal STR loci simultaneously.These are DXS6807,DXS9895,linkage group 1(DXS10148,DXS10135,DXS8378),DXS9902,DXS6795,DXS6810,DXS10159,DXS10162,DXS10164,DXS7132,linkage group 2(DXS10079,DXS10074,DXS10075),DXS981,DXS6800,DXS6803,DXS6809,DXS6789,DXS7424,DXS101,DXS7133,GATA172D05,GATA165B12,linkage group 3(DXS10103,HPRTB,DXS10101),GATA31E08 and linkage group 4(DXS8377,DXS10134,DXS7423).A major advantage of this kit is that it takes into account linkage between loci,in addition to detecting more X-STR loci.In order to evaluate the forensic application of 32 X-STR fl uorescence amplifi cation system,PCR settings,sensitivity,species specifi city,stability,DNA mixtures,concordance,stutter,sizing precision,and population genetics investigation were evaluated according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods(SWGDAM)developmental validation guidelines.The study showed that the genotyping results of each locus were signifi cantly accurate when the DNA template was at least 62.5 pg.Complete profi les were obtained for the 1∶1 and 1∶3 combinations.A total of 209 unrelated individuals from Southern Chinese Han community,consisting of 84 females and 125 males,were selected for population studies,and 285 allele profi les were detected from 32 X-STR loci.The polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.2721 in DXS6800,to 0.9105 in DXS10135,with an average of 0.6798.DXS10135(PIC=0.9105)was the most polymorphic locus,with discrimination power(DP)of 0.9164 and 0.9871 for the male and female.The cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) valu es were all greater than 0.999999999.There were 78 different DXS10103-HPRTB-DXS10101 haplotypes among the 125 males,and the haplotype diversity was 0.9810.There was no signifi cant difference in the cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) values whether considering linkage or not.In summary,the new X-STR multiplex typing system is effective and reliable,which can be useful in human genetic analysis and kinship testing as a potent complement to autosomal STR typing.展开更多
The inheritance mode of seven microsatellite markers was investigated in Patinopecten yessoensis larvae from four con-trolled crosses,and the feasibility of using these markers for kinship estimation was also examined...The inheritance mode of seven microsatellite markers was investigated in Patinopecten yessoensis larvae from four con-trolled crosses,and the feasibility of using these markers for kinship estimation was also examined. All the seven microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance. Neither sex-linked barriers to transmission nor major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents were evident. Two of the seven loci showed the presence of null alleles in two families,suggesting the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies. However,even if the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from four families were all unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram. This result indicates that the microsatellite markers used may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated scallop larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and of investigating the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Japanese scallop.展开更多
Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci,and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examine...Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci,and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined.All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance.Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown.Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families,demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies.Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram.This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster.展开更多
To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presuma...To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presumably cultural, components. The results demonstrate that, in the traditional patrilineal Chinese family, both genetic relatedness and the cultural factor of generation were important in determining kinship status for male agnates (genetically related relatives). For female agnates, however, only genetic relatedness was important. Another surprising finding was that the influence of gender was not as important as genetic relatedness. The most interesting finding in this study, however, was that kin selection and culture (i.e., seniority in generation and age) played vastly different roles in different lineages in the Chinese family: for collateral (indirect) agnates, genetic relatedness was the most important factor in determining their kinship status, but for lineal (direct) agnates, its importance was overridden by seniority in generation and age, a cultural factor. Several other bio-cultural factors also explained a considerable amount of variance in kinship status. Since kinship profoundly affected, and was often the foundation of, the legal and social systems in dynastic China, kin selection, while its strength may differ remarkably between lineal and collateral relatives, could act as a selective force in Chinese families展开更多
Kinship and density are believed to affect important ecological processes such as intraspecific competition, predation, growth, development, cannibalism, habitat selection and mate choice, In this work, we used Chines...Kinship and density are believed to affect important ecological processes such as intraspecific competition, predation, growth, development, cannibalism, habitat selection and mate choice, In this work, we used Chinese tiger frog Hoplobatrachus chinensis tadpoles as an experimental model to investigate the effects of kinship and density on growth and development of this species over a 73 day period. The results showed that density can affect the growth and developmental traits (survival rate, larval period, size at the limb bud protrusion/metamorphic climax and body mass at different life stages) of H. chinensis tadpoles, while kinship does not. Tadpoles took longer to develop and potential metamorphosis was greater in high density groups of both sibling and non-siblings. The interaction of kinship and density did not significantly influenced growth traits of H. chinensis tadpoles during the experimental period. For coefficient variations of each growth trait, no differences were detected between sibling and non-sibling groups. These findings provide valuable information on the basic ecology of H. chinensis which will be helpful in future studies of other anuran species.展开更多
Kinship terms system is one of the most common features in the world,but different countries have different kinship expressions.This paper mainly states the differences between English and Chinese kinship terms and Cu...Kinship terms system is one of the most common features in the world,but different countries have different kinship expressions.This paper mainly states the differences between English and Chinese kinship terms and Cultural differences between English and Chinese kinship terms.The cultural differences between English and Chinese kinship terms exist in several aspects.The causes of differences between English and Chinese kinship terms are various,and the major aspects we will consider are history,like different patriarchal clan system;worldview,like different ideas of birth and numbers of birth;different social organization and system changes of social system.展开更多
Kinship system is the way to determine the family members. Based on the Whorfian Hypothesis, this paper takes Chinese and English kinship terms as the research object to make an analysis about the relationship between...Kinship system is the way to determine the family members. Based on the Whorfian Hypothesis, this paper takes Chinese and English kinship terms as the research object to make an analysis about the relationship between language and culture from the perspective of sociolinguistics, expecting to find out the major differences and explore the factors leading to them.展开更多
The article describes semantic features of kinship terminology in modern Chinese language. To make a more complete analysis, the article compares the semantics of kinship terminology in Kazakh, Russian, English and Ch...The article describes semantic features of kinship terminology in modern Chinese language. To make a more complete analysis, the article compares the semantics of kinship terminology in Kazakh, Russian, English and Chinese languages, which belong to various language groups.展开更多
The kinship terms of Thai can be divided into native kinship terms and foreign kinship terms based on the source,and can also be divided into civilian kinship terms and royal kinship terms based on the users.Thai kins...The kinship terms of Thai can be divided into native kinship terms and foreign kinship terms based on the source,and can also be divided into civilian kinship terms and royal kinship terms based on the users.Thai kinship terms have different degrees of distinction in the following six dimensions:paternal and maternal,age,gender,the lineal and the collateral,consanguinity and affinity,users and use occasions.The unique use rules of Thai kinship terms reflect Thai people’s concept of the distinctions between superiority and inferiority,seniors and juniors,intimacy and estrangement.In addition,Thai kinship terms reflect the marriage form that the Thais have experienced,and also reflect Thai people’s ethnic cognitive orientation of experience familiarity,cognitive distance and metaphorical thinking.展开更多
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is a linguistics theory which is concern in language, thought, and culture. Kinship term is not only an indispensable part of verbal communication but also a unique language and culture phenomen...Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is a linguistics theory which is concern in language, thought, and culture. Kinship term is not only an indispensable part of verbal communication but also a unique language and culture phenomena. Both Chinese and English speaking countries have their own system of kinship terms. There are both similarities and differences between them. This thesis attempts to make a contrastive study on these two kinds of kingship terms, find the cultural cause leading to the differences and figure out the influence on human thought of these kinship terms.展开更多
Evaluating the genetic status of threatened species is an essential task in conservation genetics.However,the genetic status of threatened species has been mostly evaluated through techniques that fail to estimate gen...Evaluating the genetic status of threatened species is an essential task in conservation genetics.However,the genetic status of threatened species has been mostly evaluated through techniques that fail to estimate genetic diversity at the whole genomic level.Next generation sequencing can meet this demand,but high quality samples such as blood or muscle tissues are required.However,it is difficult to collect such samples from threatened species because sampling work may impact their health.Therefore,it is essential to design a workflow to evaluate the whole genomic status of threatened species using non-destructive sampling.Even though non-destructive sampling has been used in traditional barcoding technique,the barcoding technique cannot evaluate the whole genomic status.Brown Eared Pheasant(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)is an endangered species,with captive populations maintained in Taiyuan Zoo,China,and Europe.However,the genetic diversity,inbreeding pattern,and mutation load of these two populations are unclear.To uncover the genetic status of these two captive populations,we applied 2b-RAD technology to evaluate the genomic status of these populations using feathers as samples.The feathers could be collected by non-destructive sampling.The results indicate that the Taiyuan Zoo population has a lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding coefficient than the European population.The Taiyuan Zoo population has lethal mutations when homozygous.The current project uses a non-destructive sampling technique to evaluate the whole genomic status of the two captive populations,providing a paradigm for conservation genetics,which will facilitate the development of conservation biology.展开更多
Montanelli suffered from the fierce conflict between humanity and divinity in his pursuit of religious belief.As a sacrifice on the altar of God,Montanelli's tragedy reflects the influence of the religion upon his...Montanelli suffered from the fierce conflict between humanity and divinity in his pursuit of religious belief.As a sacrifice on the altar of God,Montanelli's tragedy reflects the influence of the religion upon his behaviors,his internal spirit and his tragic destiny in the end.Furthermore,it manifests the cruelty and darkness of the religious rule and the distortion of the humankind in his age.展开更多
The usefulness of the X-chromosomal STRs (short tandem repeats) for forensic purposes seems to be restricted, but may be valuable in some paternity cases. Due to the particular mode of inheritance, X-chromosomal X-S...The usefulness of the X-chromosomal STRs (short tandem repeats) for forensic purposes seems to be restricted, but may be valuable in some paternity cases. Due to the particular mode of inheritance, X-chromosomal X-STR has the advantage in female traces identification against male contamination and in complex kinship cases, such as deficiency cases (mother-son or father-daughter), grandparent-grandchild comparisons, half-sisters testing, etc. In this study, 4 blood samples from two paternity cases without father were examined with TYPER19 Amplification kit first, from the result, it is hard to judge the relationship between the mother-sons, then TYPERX19 kit was conducted to obtain the full profiles of the two pairs of the mother-son, from the genetypes of the samples, it can be inferred that neither of the two pairs of mother-son were in line with the kinship, which provides important evidence for the two paternity cases. All together, the X-chromosome marks included in the TYPERX19 kit can offer the possibility to solve complex kinship cases where autosomal STR markers cannot provide the information needed.展开更多
Appellation not only reflects the social relationship between human beings,but also shows the social structure and culture in different countries,regions and societies.This paper focuses on the comparison of appellati...Appellation not only reflects the social relationship between human beings,but also shows the social structure and culture in different countries,regions and societies.This paper focuses on the comparison of appellation in these two languages and analyses the reasons for this difference from cultural and psychological aspects.展开更多
Grain size plays a significant role in rice,starting from affecting yield to consumer preference,which is the driving force for deep investigation and improvement of grain size characters.Quantitative inheritance make...Grain size plays a significant role in rice,starting from affecting yield to consumer preference,which is the driving force for deep investigation and improvement of grain size characters.Quantitative inheritance makes these traits complex to breed on account of several alleles contributing to the complete trait expression.We employed genome-wide association study in an association panel of 88 rice genotypes using 142 new candidate gene based SSR(cgSSR)markers,derived from yield-related candidate genes,with the efficient mixed-model association coupled mixed linear model for dissecting complete genetic control of grain size traits.A total of 10 significant associations were identified for four grain size-related characters(grain weight,grain length,grain width,and length-width ratio).Among the identified associations,seven marker trait associations explain more than 10%of the phenotypic variation,indicating major putative QTLs for respective traits.The allelic variations at genes OsBC1L4,SHO1 and OsD2 showed association between 1000-grain weight and grain width,1000-grain weight and grain length,and grain width and length-width ratio,respectively.The cgSSR markers,associated with corresponding traits,can be utilized for direct allelic selection,while other significantly associated cgSSRs may be utilized for allelic accumulation in the breeding programs or grain size improvement.The new cgSSR markers associated with grain size related characters have a significant impact on practical plant breeding to increase the number of causative alleles for these traits through marker aided rice breeding programs.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the genetic evolution of Escherichia fergusonii in different countries and regions,and to clarify the genetic relationship of E.fergusonii in different countries and reg...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the genetic evolution of Escherichia fergusonii in different countries and regions,and to clarify the genetic relationship of E.fergusonii in different countries and regions.[Methods]Bioinformatics method and bacterial 16 S rRNA sequencing technology were used to sort out and prune 16 S rRNA genes isolated in laboratory and searched in NCBI database to construct a molecular evolutionary tree for analysis and comparison.[Results]The direction of evolution of E.fergusonii has broken through regions,and there was cross evolution among continents.The origin of E.fergusonii was the Asian continent,and its adaptability to arid climate was not strong.[Conclusions]This study revealed the genetic evolution laws of E.fergusonii in the spread and mutation of livestock and poultry diseases,and provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of the disease.展开更多
文摘The AGCU X Plus STR system is a newly developed multiplex PCR kit that detects 32 X-chromosomal STR loci simultaneously.These are DXS6807,DXS9895,linkage group 1(DXS10148,DXS10135,DXS8378),DXS9902,DXS6795,DXS6810,DXS10159,DXS10162,DXS10164,DXS7132,linkage group 2(DXS10079,DXS10074,DXS10075),DXS981,DXS6800,DXS6803,DXS6809,DXS6789,DXS7424,DXS101,DXS7133,GATA172D05,GATA165B12,linkage group 3(DXS10103,HPRTB,DXS10101),GATA31E08 and linkage group 4(DXS8377,DXS10134,DXS7423).A major advantage of this kit is that it takes into account linkage between loci,in addition to detecting more X-STR loci.In order to evaluate the forensic application of 32 X-STR fl uorescence amplifi cation system,PCR settings,sensitivity,species specifi city,stability,DNA mixtures,concordance,stutter,sizing precision,and population genetics investigation were evaluated according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods(SWGDAM)developmental validation guidelines.The study showed that the genotyping results of each locus were signifi cantly accurate when the DNA template was at least 62.5 pg.Complete profi les were obtained for the 1∶1 and 1∶3 combinations.A total of 209 unrelated individuals from Southern Chinese Han community,consisting of 84 females and 125 males,were selected for population studies,and 285 allele profi les were detected from 32 X-STR loci.The polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.2721 in DXS6800,to 0.9105 in DXS10135,with an average of 0.6798.DXS10135(PIC=0.9105)was the most polymorphic locus,with discrimination power(DP)of 0.9164 and 0.9871 for the male and female.The cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) valu es were all greater than 0.999999999.There were 78 different DXS10103-HPRTB-DXS10101 haplotypes among the 125 males,and the haplotype diversity was 0.9810.There was no signifi cant difference in the cumulative PD_(F),PD_(M),MEC_(trio) and MEC_(duo) values whether considering linkage or not.In summary,the new X-STR multiplex typing system is effective and reliable,which can be useful in human genetic analysis and kinship testing as a potent complement to autosomal STR typing.
基金supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program(No. 2006AA10A409)Scientific and Technical Supporting Program (No. 2006BAD09A01)Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30571442).
文摘The inheritance mode of seven microsatellite markers was investigated in Patinopecten yessoensis larvae from four con-trolled crosses,and the feasibility of using these markers for kinship estimation was also examined. All the seven microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance. Neither sex-linked barriers to transmission nor major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents were evident. Two of the seven loci showed the presence of null alleles in two families,suggesting the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies. However,even if the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from four families were all unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram. This result indicates that the microsatellite markers used may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated scallop larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and of investigating the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Japanese scallop.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA10A409)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30571442)
文摘Five full-sib families of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae were used to study the mode of inheritance at eight microsatellite loci,and the feasibility of these markers for kinship estimate was also examined.All eight microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance.Neither evidence of sex-linked barriers to transmission nor evidence of major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents was shown.Three of the eight loci showed the presence of null alleles in four families,demonstrating the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies.Although the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from five full-sib families were unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram.This result indicates that the microsatellite markers may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated oyster larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and is applicable to the investigation of the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Pacific oyster.
文摘To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presumably cultural, components. The results demonstrate that, in the traditional patrilineal Chinese family, both genetic relatedness and the cultural factor of generation were important in determining kinship status for male agnates (genetically related relatives). For female agnates, however, only genetic relatedness was important. Another surprising finding was that the influence of gender was not as important as genetic relatedness. The most interesting finding in this study, however, was that kin selection and culture (i.e., seniority in generation and age) played vastly different roles in different lineages in the Chinese family: for collateral (indirect) agnates, genetic relatedness was the most important factor in determining their kinship status, but for lineal (direct) agnates, its importance was overridden by seniority in generation and age, a cultural factor. Several other bio-cultural factors also explained a considerable amount of variance in kinship status. Since kinship profoundly affected, and was often the foundation of, the legal and social systems in dynastic China, kin selection, while its strength may differ remarkably between lineal and collateral relatives, could act as a selective force in Chinese families
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970435,31270443)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang, China (LY13C030004)
文摘Kinship and density are believed to affect important ecological processes such as intraspecific competition, predation, growth, development, cannibalism, habitat selection and mate choice, In this work, we used Chinese tiger frog Hoplobatrachus chinensis tadpoles as an experimental model to investigate the effects of kinship and density on growth and development of this species over a 73 day period. The results showed that density can affect the growth and developmental traits (survival rate, larval period, size at the limb bud protrusion/metamorphic climax and body mass at different life stages) of H. chinensis tadpoles, while kinship does not. Tadpoles took longer to develop and potential metamorphosis was greater in high density groups of both sibling and non-siblings. The interaction of kinship and density did not significantly influenced growth traits of H. chinensis tadpoles during the experimental period. For coefficient variations of each growth trait, no differences were detected between sibling and non-sibling groups. These findings provide valuable information on the basic ecology of H. chinensis which will be helpful in future studies of other anuran species.
文摘Kinship terms system is one of the most common features in the world,but different countries have different kinship expressions.This paper mainly states the differences between English and Chinese kinship terms and Cultural differences between English and Chinese kinship terms.The cultural differences between English and Chinese kinship terms exist in several aspects.The causes of differences between English and Chinese kinship terms are various,and the major aspects we will consider are history,like different patriarchal clan system;worldview,like different ideas of birth and numbers of birth;different social organization and system changes of social system.
文摘Kinship system is the way to determine the family members. Based on the Whorfian Hypothesis, this paper takes Chinese and English kinship terms as the research object to make an analysis about the relationship between language and culture from the perspective of sociolinguistics, expecting to find out the major differences and explore the factors leading to them.
文摘The article describes semantic features of kinship terminology in modern Chinese language. To make a more complete analysis, the article compares the semantics of kinship terminology in Kazakh, Russian, English and Chinese languages, which belong to various language groups.
基金This study is funded by Social Science Planning Fund Project of Sichuan Province,named“A Study of Semantic System of Thai languages from Cognitive Semantics”(SCI19B070)and is funded by Sichuan University(2018hhs-38)and is funded by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities”(YJ201801).
文摘The kinship terms of Thai can be divided into native kinship terms and foreign kinship terms based on the source,and can also be divided into civilian kinship terms and royal kinship terms based on the users.Thai kinship terms have different degrees of distinction in the following six dimensions:paternal and maternal,age,gender,the lineal and the collateral,consanguinity and affinity,users and use occasions.The unique use rules of Thai kinship terms reflect Thai people’s concept of the distinctions between superiority and inferiority,seniors and juniors,intimacy and estrangement.In addition,Thai kinship terms reflect the marriage form that the Thais have experienced,and also reflect Thai people’s ethnic cognitive orientation of experience familiarity,cognitive distance and metaphorical thinking.
文摘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is a linguistics theory which is concern in language, thought, and culture. Kinship term is not only an indispensable part of verbal communication but also a unique language and culture phenomena. Both Chinese and English speaking countries have their own system of kinship terms. There are both similarities and differences between them. This thesis attempts to make a contrastive study on these two kinds of kingship terms, find the cultural cause leading to the differences and figure out the influence on human thought of these kinship terms.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872244 to Z.Z.)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Beijing Zoo Management Office(No.zx2019016 to J.Z.)the Biodiversity Survey,Monitoring and Assessment Project(2019-2023)of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(No.2019HB2096001006 to Z.Z.)。
文摘Evaluating the genetic status of threatened species is an essential task in conservation genetics.However,the genetic status of threatened species has been mostly evaluated through techniques that fail to estimate genetic diversity at the whole genomic level.Next generation sequencing can meet this demand,but high quality samples such as blood or muscle tissues are required.However,it is difficult to collect such samples from threatened species because sampling work may impact their health.Therefore,it is essential to design a workflow to evaluate the whole genomic status of threatened species using non-destructive sampling.Even though non-destructive sampling has been used in traditional barcoding technique,the barcoding technique cannot evaluate the whole genomic status.Brown Eared Pheasant(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)is an endangered species,with captive populations maintained in Taiyuan Zoo,China,and Europe.However,the genetic diversity,inbreeding pattern,and mutation load of these two populations are unclear.To uncover the genetic status of these two captive populations,we applied 2b-RAD technology to evaluate the genomic status of these populations using feathers as samples.The feathers could be collected by non-destructive sampling.The results indicate that the Taiyuan Zoo population has a lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding coefficient than the European population.The Taiyuan Zoo population has lethal mutations when homozygous.The current project uses a non-destructive sampling technique to evaluate the whole genomic status of the two captive populations,providing a paradigm for conservation genetics,which will facilitate the development of conservation biology.
文摘Montanelli suffered from the fierce conflict between humanity and divinity in his pursuit of religious belief.As a sacrifice on the altar of God,Montanelli's tragedy reflects the influence of the religion upon his behaviors,his internal spirit and his tragic destiny in the end.Furthermore,it manifests the cruelty and darkness of the religious rule and the distortion of the humankind in his age.
文摘The usefulness of the X-chromosomal STRs (short tandem repeats) for forensic purposes seems to be restricted, but may be valuable in some paternity cases. Due to the particular mode of inheritance, X-chromosomal X-STR has the advantage in female traces identification against male contamination and in complex kinship cases, such as deficiency cases (mother-son or father-daughter), grandparent-grandchild comparisons, half-sisters testing, etc. In this study, 4 blood samples from two paternity cases without father were examined with TYPER19 Amplification kit first, from the result, it is hard to judge the relationship between the mother-sons, then TYPERX19 kit was conducted to obtain the full profiles of the two pairs of the mother-son, from the genetypes of the samples, it can be inferred that neither of the two pairs of mother-son were in line with the kinship, which provides important evidence for the two paternity cases. All together, the X-chromosome marks included in the TYPERX19 kit can offer the possibility to solve complex kinship cases where autosomal STR markers cannot provide the information needed.
文摘Appellation not only reflects the social relationship between human beings,but also shows the social structure and culture in different countries,regions and societies.This paper focuses on the comparison of appellation in these two languages and analyses the reasons for this difference from cultural and psychological aspects.
基金ICAR-National Rice Research Institute for financial support
文摘Grain size plays a significant role in rice,starting from affecting yield to consumer preference,which is the driving force for deep investigation and improvement of grain size characters.Quantitative inheritance makes these traits complex to breed on account of several alleles contributing to the complete trait expression.We employed genome-wide association study in an association panel of 88 rice genotypes using 142 new candidate gene based SSR(cgSSR)markers,derived from yield-related candidate genes,with the efficient mixed-model association coupled mixed linear model for dissecting complete genetic control of grain size traits.A total of 10 significant associations were identified for four grain size-related characters(grain weight,grain length,grain width,and length-width ratio).Among the identified associations,seven marker trait associations explain more than 10%of the phenotypic variation,indicating major putative QTLs for respective traits.The allelic variations at genes OsBC1L4,SHO1 and OsD2 showed association between 1000-grain weight and grain width,1000-grain weight and grain length,and grain width and length-width ratio,respectively.The cgSSR markers,associated with corresponding traits,can be utilized for direct allelic selection,while other significantly associated cgSSRs may be utilized for allelic accumulation in the breeding programs or grain size improvement.The new cgSSR markers associated with grain size related characters have a significant impact on practical plant breeding to increase the number of causative alleles for these traits through marker aided rice breeding programs.
基金National Undergraduate Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program(201810061047)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the genetic evolution of Escherichia fergusonii in different countries and regions,and to clarify the genetic relationship of E.fergusonii in different countries and regions.[Methods]Bioinformatics method and bacterial 16 S rRNA sequencing technology were used to sort out and prune 16 S rRNA genes isolated in laboratory and searched in NCBI database to construct a molecular evolutionary tree for analysis and comparison.[Results]The direction of evolution of E.fergusonii has broken through regions,and there was cross evolution among continents.The origin of E.fergusonii was the Asian continent,and its adaptability to arid climate was not strong.[Conclusions]This study revealed the genetic evolution laws of E.fergusonii in the spread and mutation of livestock and poultry diseases,and provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of the disease.