Unique method for removal of knotted lumbar epidural catheter: A case report

BACKGROUND Combined spinal-epidural(CSE)anesthesia is the preferred anesthesia method for cesarean delivery.The use of an epidural catheter is essential for administering additional drugs intraoperatively and managing postoperative pain.However,the insertion of epidural catheters is associated with various complications,such as total spinal anesthesia,symptoms indicative of spinal nerve root irritation,and challenges in epidural catheter removal.CASE SUMMARY We present a case report of a challenging epidural catheter removal due to knotting.The lumbar computed tomography scan results revealed that the catheter formed a tight knot in the epidural space.We used a novel extubation method and successfully removed the catheter.CONCLUSION The operator can use opposite forces to"spiral"apart the spinal joints by positioning the patient's body in a specific position.The findings indicate that,when combined with imaging examination results,this method is effective for the removal of epidural catheters.

Three-dimensional inversion of knot defects recognition in timber cutting

The comprehensive utilization of wood is the main goal of log cutting,but knot defects increase the diffi-culty of rationally optimizing cutting.Due to the lack of real shape data of knot defects in logs,it is diffi cult for detection methods to establish a correlation between signal and defect morphology.An image-processing method is proposed for knot inversion based on distance regularized level set segmentation(DRLSE)and spatial vertex clustering,and with the inversion of the defects existing relative board position in the log,an inversion model of the knot defect is established.First,the defect edges of the top and bottom images of the boards are extracted by DRLSE and ellipse fi tting,and the major axes of the ellipses made coplanar by angle correction;second,the coordinate points of the top and bottom ellipse edges are extracted to form a spatial straight line;third,to solve the intersection dispersion of spatial straight lines and the major axis plane,K-medoids clustering is used to locate the vertex.Finally,with the vertex and the large ellipse,a 3D cone model is constructed which can be used to invert the shape of knots in the board.The experiment was conducted on ten defective larch boards,and the experimental results showed that this method can accurately invert the shapes of defects in solid wood boards with the advantages of low cost and easy operation.

Using Parametric Mathematical Modeling to Develop a Geometric and Topological Intuition for Molecular Knots

Knot theory is a branch of topology in pure mathematics, however, it has been increasingly used in different sciences such as chemistry. Mathematically, a knot is a subset of three-dimensional space which is homeomorphic to a circle and it is only defined in a closed loop. In chemistry, knots have been applied to synthetic molecular design. Mathematics and chemistry together can work to determine, characterize and create knots which help to understand different molecular designs and then forecast their physical features. In this study, we provide an introduction to the knot theory and its topological concepts, and then we extend it to the context of chemistry. We present parametric representations for several synthetic knots. The main goal of this paper is to develop a geometric and topological intuition for molecular knots using parametric equations. Since parameterizations are non-unique;there is more than one set of parametric equations to specify the same molecular knots. This parametric representation can be used easily to express geometrically molecular knots and would be helpful to find out more complicated molecular models.

Zeros of the Jones Polynomial for Torus Knots and 2-bridge Knots

We study zeros of the Jones polynomial and their distributions for torus knots and 2-bridge knots. We prove that e(2m+1)πi/2and e(2m+1)πi/4(m is a positive integer)can not be the zeros of Jones polynomial for torus knots T p,q by the knowledge of the trigonometric function. We elicit the normal form of Jones polynomials of the 2-bridge knot C(-2, 2, ···,(-1)r2) by the recursive form and discuss the distribution of their zeros.

Predicting Financial Contagion and Crisis by Using Jones, Alexander Polynomial and Knot Theory

Topological methods are rapidly developing and are becoming more used in physics, biology and chemistry. One area of topology has showed its immense potential in explaining potential financial contagion and financial crisis in financial markets. The aforementioned method is knot theory. The movement of stock price has been marked and braids and knots have been noted. By analysing the knots and braids using Jones polynomial, it is tried to find if there exists an untrivial knot equal to unknot? After thorough analysis, possible financial contagion and financial crisis prediction are analysed by using instruments of knot theory pertaining in that sense to Jones, Laurent and Alexander polynomial. It is proved that it is possible to predict financial disruptions by observing possible knots in the graphs and finding appropriate polynomials. In order to analyse knot formation, the following approach is used: “Knot formation in three-dimensional space is considered and the equations about knot forming and its disentangling are considered”. After having defined the equations in three-dimensional space, the definition of Brownian bridge concerning formation of knots in three-dimensional space is defined. Using analogy method, the notion of Brownian bridge is translated into 2-dimensional space and the foundations for the application of knot theory in 2-dimensional space have been set up. At the same time, the aforementioned approach is innovative and it could be used in accordance with stochastic analysis and quantum finance.

KNOT STRENGTH OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILE FIBRES

In this paper, the knot strengths of the seven strands which were made of polyethleneterephthalate(PET), nylon 6, polyvinyl formal fibre, polypropylene and polyethylene with differentspecification used for industrial purposes were tested and discussed. The results of experimentshow: the knot strength loss does not only depend on the breaking elongation and the diameter ofsample, but also on the shape of the load-extension curve and twist factor of sample and other fac-tors; the range of the knot strength loss and the breaking energy loss vary in a wide range, in thepresent case. the former is from 2.7% to 58.14% and the latter from 16.36% to 78.76%. Thestrength loss of the polypropylene filament is the least among the samples investigated.

Knotted pictures of the Bell bases on the surface of a trivial torus

By means of the method of torus knot theory, this paper gives the complete processes of obtaining the knotted pictures of four Bell b^es from the knotted pictures of four basic two qubit states.

SOME APPLICATIONS OF PLANAR GRAPH IN KNOT THEORY

The relationship between a link diagram and its corresponding planar graph is briefly reviewed. A necessary and sufficient condition is given to detect when a planar graph corresponds to a knot. The relationship between planar graph and almost planar Seifert surface is discussed. Using planar graph, we construct an alternating amphicheiral prime knot with crossing number n for any even number n 〉 4. This gives an affirmative answer to problem 1.66（B） on Kirby＇s problem list .

Knotted pictures of the GHZ states on the surface of a trivial torus

By means of the torus knot theory method, this paper presents the complete process of obtaining the knotted pictures of eight GHZ states on the surface of a trivial torus from the knotted pictures of eight basic three-qubit states on the surface of a trivial torus. Thus, we obtain eight knotted pictures 121 linkage on the ordinary plane.

Rational-slice Knots via Strongly Negative-amphicheiral Knots

We show that certain satellite knots of every strongly negative-amphicheiral rational knot are rational-slice knots. This proof also shows that the O-surgery manifold of a certain strongly negative amphicheiral knot such as the figure-eight knot bounds a compact oriented smooth 4-manifold homotopy equivalent to the 2-sphere such that a second homology class of the 4-manifold is represented by a smoothly embedded 2-sphere if and only if the modulo two reduction of it is zero.

两类特殊的Unknotting数为1的纽结

就纽结不变量中的Unknotting数进行一些研究,将Unknotting数为1的纽结必为素纽结这一结论推广得出:当u(k_1)+u(k_2)=2时,有u(k_1#k_2)=u(k1)+u(k2),利用Unknotting数为1的2- Bridge结的等价定理,得出Unknotting数为1的特殊的2-Bridge结,再根据纽结的性质,给出了两种Un- knotting数为1的特殊的排叉结。

H(2)-unknotting Number of a Knot

An H（2）-move is a local move of a knot which is performed by adding a half-twisted band. It is known an H（2）-move is an unknotting operation. We define the H（2）-unknotting number of a knot K to be the minimum number of H（2）-moves needed to transform K into a trivial knot. We give several methods to estimate the H（2）-unknotting number of a knot. Then we give tables of H（2）-unknotting numbers of knots with up to 9 crossings.

KNOT认证加密算法的零和区分器分析

KNOT认证加密算法是国际轻量级密码算法征集竞赛活动第2轮入围的候选算法之一。该算法具有软硬件实现快、资源消耗低等特点,其安全性受到了全球广泛的关注。基于标志位技术,提出了密码S盒的新可分性模型构建方法。同时,利用KNOT-256的算法结构,构建了KNOT-256密码算法新的可分性的混合整数线性规划模型,并由此设计了该算法零和区分器的自动化新搜索方法。研究结果表明:KNOT-256置换存在30轮的零和区分器,尽管该区分器对KNOT认证加密算法(分组长度为256的版本的初始化轮数是52轮)的安全性没有造成实际的威胁,但得到的结果证实了新的零和区分器构造方法是有效的。

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF ARBITRARY SHAPED PLATES BY BOUNDARY KNOT METHOD

The boundary knot method （BKM） is a truly meshless boundary-type radial basis function （RBF） collocation scheme, where the general solution is employed instead of the fundamental solution to avoid the fictitious outside boundary of the physical domain of interest. In this study, the BKM is first used to calculate the free vibration of free and simply-upported thin plates. Compared with the analytical solution and ANSYS （a commercial FEM code） results, the present BKM is highly accurate and fast convergent.

The synergistic advantage of combining chloropicrin or dazomet with fosthiazate nematicide to control root-knot nematode in cucumber production

The highly-damaging root-knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.,RKN)cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance.In laboratory and greenhouse trials,we showed that chloropicrin(CP)or dazomet(DZ)synergized the efficacy of fosthiazate against RKN.The combination significantly extended the degradation half-life of fosthiazate by an average of about 1.25 times.CP or DZ with fosthiazate reduced the time for fosthiazate to penetrate the RKN cuticle compared to fosthiazate alone.CP or DZ combined with low or medium rate of fosthiazate increased the total cucumber yield,compared to the use of each product alone.A low-dose fosthiazate with DZ improved total yield more than a low dose fosthiazate with CP.Extending the half-life of fosthiazate and reducing the time for fosthiazate or fumigant to penetrate the RKN cuticle were the two features that gave the fumigant-fosthiazate combination its synergistic advantage over these products used singularly.This synergy provides the opportunity for farmers to use a low dose of fosthiazate which lowers the risk of RKN resistance.Farmers could combine DZ at 30 g m^-2 with fosthiazate at a low rate of 0.375 g m^-2 to control RKN and adequately control two major soil-borne diseases in cucumber greenhouses.

Nice knot缝线技术治疗骨性锤状指

2017年4月~2019年2月,我科采用Nice knot缝线技术治疗15例骨性锤状指患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组15例,男9例,女6例,年龄19~45岁。典型表现为锤状指畸形,X线检查显示远节指骨基底部背侧撕脱骨折。均为新鲜闭合损伤。伤后至手术时间3~7 d。1.2治疗方法臂丛麻醉下手术。

Effects of Two Composted Plant Pesticide Residues,Incorporated with Trichoderma viride,on Root-Knot Nematode in Balloonflower

Plant pesticide residues, such as chinaberry （Melia toosendan） residue and sand cypress （Sabina vulgaris） residue, are pesticidal plant materials discarded after the bioactive ingredient has been extracted with organic solvents. The only option for botanical pesticide residue utilization has been as landfill. Chinaberry residue （CBR） and sand cypress residue （SCR） were collected and composted in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. We studied the effects of chinaberry residue compost （CBRC）, CBRC incorporated with Trichoderma viride （CBRCT）, sand cypress residue compost （SCRC）, and SCRC incorporated with T. viride （SCRCv） on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting the balloonflower （Platycodon grandiflorum）. Bioassay results indicated that stock solutions of the CBRCT and SCRCT extracts significantly inhibited egg hatching and caused high larval mortality, followed in degree by the CBRC and SCRC extracts. The CBR and SCR extracts caused very low inhibition of eggs and larvae. Supplementing potting mixtures with these four composts reduced the severity of root galling and increased the proportion of marketable roots. The severity of root galling decreased and the average weight of the marketable roots increased with an increase in all the composts when supplemented at rates from 5 to 30%. CBR- and SCR-supplemented pot soils also inhibited the nematodes, but CBR and SCR applied to the soil had a phytotoxic effect and inhibited balloonflower growth. Supplementing field soil with the composts reduced the severity of root galling and the populations of southern root-knot nematodes in the soil. CBRCT and SCRCT clearly enhanced the average weight of the marketable roots by 30.45 and 26.64%, respectively. Continuous supplementation with CBRCT or SCRCT in the same field significantly enhanced the control of the root-knot nematode, and the populations of nematodes continued to decrease with second inoculations. The populations of total Trichoderma spp. were distinctly enhanced and were maintained at high levels for a long time in the supplemented soils.

Exogenous Peroxidase Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity, Enhances Rhizobial Population and Lowers Root Knot Formation in Rice Seedlings

Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is likely to have protective effect upon the biochemical and nodular changes in ricegrown in Cd-rich soil. Exposure to Cd concentration of 1.00 mg/L increased oxidative stress, loss of cellviability, electrolyte leakage and root knot formation, whereas it significantly lowered the chlorophyll leveland rhizobium growth in rice. Irrigation of exogenous POXRice + H2O2 to Cd-stressed rice seedlingsreversed the Cd-induced alterations in rice to levels similar in control (non-stressed) seedlings. Resultsprovided strong evidence of exogenous POXRice + H2O2-mediated reversal and restoration of physiologicaland biochemical processes as well as increased resistance of rice seedlings to root knot formation.Irrigation with POXRice + H2O2 appeared to contribute towards bringing normoxic conditions in the otherwisehypoxic soil environment by enhancing the O2 in pot-experiments due to reduced Cd uptake, enhancedmineral homeostasis of essential elements viz. P, Fe, Mo, Mg and Mn for maintenance of root architecturedamaged by lipid peroxidation and reduction in oxidative stress by reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygenspecies generation. Therefore, the mitigation of Cd-toxicity in rice through this novel approach appeared tobe a promising mode to limit Cd-uptake, modulate protective and tolerance mechanisms for sustainablerice yield in Cd-contaminated rice-croplands and prevent nematode attack in rice, however, more detailedstudies are needed prior to large scale applications.

CALCULATION OF HAMILTONIAN CONSTRAINT AND MANDELSTAM IDENTITIES OVER EXTENDED KNOT FAMILIES {ψ_i}_2~2, {ψ_i}_4~3 and {ψ_i}_6~4

The actions of the Hamiltonian constraint onto the members of the extended knot families {φi}2^2, {φi}3^4 and {φi}4^6, and the check of their invariance under the Mandelstam identities are given in the extended loop representation of loop quantum gravity.

Nice Knot缝合结合张力带技术治疗髌骨下极骨折

目的:探讨Nice Knot缝合结合张力带技术治疗髌骨下极骨折的临床疗效。方法:2016年1月至2017年12月收治12例闭合性髌骨下极骨折患者。男5例,女7例。年龄30~60岁,中位数45岁。均为单侧损伤,左侧5例、右侧7例。均不合并膝骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎、先天性髌骨发育不良、膝关节畸形,均无同侧膝关节骨折及手术史。受伤至手术时间0~7 d,中位数4 d。均采用Nice Knot缝合结合张力带技术治疗。术后定期随访,观察患者的髌骨骨折愈合情况,评定膝关节活动度和B9stman髌骨骨折疗效评分。结果:1例患者失访;11例患者获得随访,随访时间3~6个月,中位数4个月。11例患者的髌骨骨折均愈合良好,骨折临床愈合时间8~16周,中位数12周。术后1个月,患侧膝关节活动度小于健侧(111.81°±6.03°,131.81°±3.37°,t=-14.832,P=0.000);末次随访时,双侧膝关节活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(129.54°±6.50°,131.81°±3.37°,t=-1.838,P=0.096)。术后1个月和末次随访时,11例患者的B9stman髌骨骨折疗效评分分别为(23.81±0.40)分、(28.72±1.19)分;按照末次随访时的B9stman髌骨骨折疗效评分评定,优9例、良2例。结论:采用Nice Knot缝合结合张力带技术治疗髌骨下极骨折,临床疗效好,值得临床推广应用。