Knowledge-intensive Business Services in National Innovation Systems

In order to find the roles of knowledge-intensive business services （KIBS） in the innovation activities, This paper focus on three perspectives. First, we find that KIBS possess good prerequisites to function as vehicles in innovation distribution, the sources of innovation and the facilitators of innovation in their client firms. Second, we further discuss KIBS as the knowledge and innovation infrastructure of society in parallel with the research, educational and other public institutions. Third, we present some research policies and agenda to promote the development of KIBS. It is regarded that much remains to be studied both in the use of KIBS and in their own activities, including integrating and networking the knowledge-intensive services into the client companies, the convergence of various services and closer connection with the client companies＇ strategy, and the national policies to connect the KIBS to the different sectors.

Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Oral Care for Intensive Care Unit Patients

The aim of this study was to describe the intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of mouth care for their patients. This is a cross sectional hospital based study. A total of 154 ICU nurses were randomly selected from seven governmental hospitals in Khartoum state and were invited to take part in this study. 97.4% of ICU nurses had high knowledge of the importance of mouth care for ICU patients and similarly for the priority of mouth care. However, only 20% of nurses were found to apply good practice. 64.5% of the nurses received training in mouth care provision, and (81%) indicated that further training would be beneficial. The oral care practice of ICU nurses ranged between average among 57% and poor among 23%. The study highlighted the need for setting of ICU protocols and adoption of advanced training for ICU nurses.

Mothers’ Knowledge of Health Caring for Premature Infants after Discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Background: Preterm labor is one of the most public health problems related to neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Poor knowledge among mothers about the care requirements of a preterm neonate is immediate cause for post-discharge medical problems in premature and neonates readmission to NICU. Hence, this study aims to evaluate mothers’ knowledge of caring for premature infants post-discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Gaza strip. Methods: A Quantitative-based cross-sectional designs study was used to survey 120 mothers of preterm neonates at the time of preterm neonates discharge by face-to-face interview at Al-Shifa medical complex and Nasser hospital between February and June 2018. Results: The results showed that only about 58.4% of mothers of premature babies had good knowledge about health care needed for premature infants after discharge from NICU. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the level of knowledge and mother’s sociodemographic characteristics (P-values > 0.05). Conclusion: Mothers’ knowledge of premature infants care was not at the optimal level, which might put the newborns at risk. Therefore, the study emphasizes the necessity of thoughtful exchange of health information between team members and mothers and establishing pre- and post-discharge plans with mothers to start their healthy transition of preterm neonate to home and to ameliorate family concerns.

Use of Data Mining to Support the Development of Knowledge Intensive CAD

In order to compete in the global manufacturing mar ke t, agility is the only possible solution to response to the fragmented market se gments and frequently changed customer requirements. However, manufacturing agil ity can only be attained through the deployment of knowledge. To embed knowledge into a CAD system to form a knowledge intensive CAD (KIC) system is one of way to enhance the design compatibility of a manufacturing company. The most difficu lt phase to develop a KIC system is to capitalize a huge amount of legacy data t o form a knowledge database. In the past, such capitalization process could only be done solely manually or semi-automatic. In this paper, a five step model fo r automatic design knowledge capitalization through the use of data mining is pr oposed whilst details of how to select, verify and performance benchmarking an a ppropriate data mining algorithm for a specific design task will also be discuss ed. A case study concerning the design of a plastic toaster casing was used as an illustration for the proposed methodology and it was found that the avera ge absolute error of the predictions for the most appropriate algorithm is withi n 17%.

S-rough sets and knowledge separation

The conceptions of the knowledge screen generated by S-rough sets are given: f- screen and - screen , and then puts forward - filter theorem, - filter theorem of knowledge. At last, the applications of knowledge separation are given according to - screen and - screen.

Early mobilization implementation for critical ill patients:A cross-sectional multi-center survey about knowledge,attitudes,and perceptions of critical care nurses

Objective To explore critical care clinicians’knowledge,attitudes and perceptions toward early mobilization of critically ill patients in ICUs.Design A cross-sectional national survey was conducted.From January to August 2020,ICU nurses in 11 hospitals were surveyed by using a questionnaire on the knowledge,attitudes and perceptions of ICU early mobilization.Results Totally 512 nurses completed the questionnaire.The respondents’mean score for knowledge of early mobilization was 6.89±2.91.The level of knowledge was good in 2.5%(13/512),fair in 52.3%(268/512).The attitudes toward early mobilization were positive in 31.4%(161/512).In terms of perceived implementation of ICU early mobilization,42.9%(220/512)of nurses did not believe that this should be a top priority in intensive care.The attitudes of nurses from different ICUs were significantly different(F=3.58,P<0.05).The knowledge(7.34±2.78 vs.6.49±2.97,t=3.37,P<0.001)and attitudes(3.82±0.58 vs.3.52±0.56,t=5.63,P<0.001)of nurses who had early mobilization related training were higher than those of nurses who had no training.Conclusions The importance of early ICU early mobilization is increasingly recognized by critical care providers.However,there is still a gap in the knowledge,attitudes and perceptions of ICU early mobilization among nurses.In future studies,it is necessary to further systematically identify the reasons leading to the gaps in these aspects and implement targeted interventions around these gaps.Meanwhile,more nurses should be encouraged to participate in decision-making to ensure the efficient and quality implementation of ICU early mobilization practices.

f-heredity knowledge and f-heredity mining

Using S-rough sets, this paper gives the concepts off-heredity knowledge and its heredity coefficient, and f-variation coefficient of knowledge; presents the theorem of f-attribute dependence of variation coefficient and the relation theorem of heredity-variation. The attribute dependence of f-variation coefficient and the relation of heredity-variation are important characteristics of S-rough sets. From such discussion, this paper puts forward the heredity mining off-knowledge and the algorithm of heredity mining, also gives its relative application.

Patch-based vehicle logo detection with patch intensity and weight matrix

A patch-based method for detecting vehicle logos using prior knowledge is proposed.By representing the coarse region of the logo with the weight matrix of patch intensity and position,the proposed method is robust to bad and complex environmental conditions.The bounding-box of the logo is extracted by a thershloding approach.Experimental results show that 93.58% location accuracy is achieved with 1100 images under various environmental conditions,indicating that the proposed method is effective and suitable for the location of vehicle logo in practical applications.

A fractional differential constitutive model for dynamic stress intensity factors of an anti-plane crack in viscoelastic materials

Fractional differential constitutive relationships are introduced to depict the history of dynamic stress inten- sity factors （DSIFs） for a semi-infinite crack in infinite viscoelastic material subjected to anti-plane shear impact load. The basic equations which govern the anti-plane deformation behavior are converted to a fractional wave-like equation. By utilizing Laplace and Fourier integral transforms, the fractional wave-like equation is cast into an ordinary differential equation （ODE）. The unknown function in the solution of ODE is obtained by applying Fourier transform directly to the boundary conditions of fractional wave-like equation in Laplace domain instead of solving dual integral equations. Analytical solutions of DSIFs in Laplace domain are derived by Wiener-Hopf technique and the numerical solutions of DSIFs in time domain are obtained by Talbot algorithm. The effects of four parameters α, β, b1, b2 of the fractional dif- ferential constitutive model on DSIFs are discussed. The numerical results show that the present fractional differential constitutive model can well describe the behavior of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in viscoelastic materials, and the model is also compatible with solutions of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in elastic materials.

Evaluation of Parents’ Awareness and Knowledge about Problems and Issues Related to Their Premature Infants in an Iranian Hospital

Premature infant is an infant who was born before the end of 37th weeks of pregnancy. Approximately 9.6% of infants are premature and they can be at risk for hospitalization. This study has done for evaluation of awareness and knowledge of parents about problems of premature infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This was a descriptive study with 160 parents whose premature infants were admitted to NICU (Tehran-Iran, 2009-2011). Data were collected by a questionnaire for evaluation of awareness and knowledge of parents about problems of prematurity, and then analyzed by using descriptive analytic statistical methods and SPSS software. Based on the results, there was a significant relation between age and the total score of questionnaire (P = 0.022, R = 0.18). Mothers had higher awareness and knowledge than fathers (P < 0.05). The most awareness in parents was about doing of hygienic principle when they entered to NICU and about the importance of regularly and continuous attendance in ward. Awareness and knowledge of parents about problems of their premature infant were related to their age and being a mother or father. Parents had little knowledge about some NICU principles and premature infant’s needs and care.

Explorative case studies on technical,market,and institutional risks for entrepreneurs in Chinese emerging knowledge-intensive industries:Hangzhou's software business

中国知识密集型行业中创业者面临制度不确定性、市场风险和技术风险。本文认为中国制度环境的高度动态和不确定性影响了企业核心能力的形成,同时,通过对杭州地区三家软件企业的案例分析,探讨了这些不确定性和风险形成的机理。

PRECEDE-PROCEED模式在改善新生儿重症监护室护士医院感染防控知信行中的应用

目的 鉴于医院感染预防与控制(感控)在新生儿重症监护室(NICU)管理中具有重要作用,又因为护士是感控的前哨力量而目前临床上护士的感控实践能力尚不理想,因此本研究基于PRECEDEPROCEED模式评估NICU护士医院感染防控知信行现状及障碍因素并实施干预,以期提高NICU护士的感控实践能力。方法 选取2021年2月—2022年2月江苏省某三级甲等医院NICU护士为研究对象,基于PRECEDE-PROCEED模式分析护士医院感染防控知信行现状及障碍因素,将障碍因素归纳为倾向因素、促成因素和强化因素,实施针对性干预,比较分析干预前后护士医院感染防控知识和信念水平、行为表现以及医院感染率、例次率。结果 干预后护士知识得分高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前后护士态度得分均较高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但干预后条目“护理工作与医院感染的发生有一定关系”的得分率高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后护士感控行为的达标率高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后医院感染率和例次率低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 运用PRECEDE-PROCEED模式可精准识别影响NICU护士感控实践能力的障碍因素,基于此实施针对性干预可有效提高护士医院感染防控知识和信念,增强其医院感染防控行为的依从性和规范性,利于预防和减少医院感染。

儿童重症监护室护士身体约束知识-态度-行为调查分析

目的了解儿童重症监护室护士对于患儿身体约束知识、态度和行为现况,探索其相关性及影响因素。方法 2015年8-10月选取我院儿童危重症监护病房(PICU)、心脏监护病房(CCU)、新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)护士,采用ICU儿童身体约束知-信-行量表进行问卷调查并对结果进行分析。结果重症监护室护理人员在儿童身体约束知识得分为(8.32±1.604)分,属较好水平;护理人员对于身体约束的使用呈中性态度,得分为(30.2±5.18)分;身体约束的行为得分较高,得分为(37.05±3.753)分。不同性别、年龄、学历、职称的护士在身体约束知识、态度、行为问卷的得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);是否接受过培训、护龄及ICU工作年限均对知识、态度、行为问卷得分有所影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。身体约束知识得分与态度得分呈负相关(r=-0.246,P<0.05),与行为得分呈正相关(r=0.236,P<0.05);身体约束态度与身体约束行为之间无相关关系(r=0.016,P>0.05)。结论重症监护室护理人员身体约束知识水平处于中等偏上水平,对身体约束呈中性态度,身体约束行为较为得当。

基于突变级数的知识密集型制造业技术创新能力动态综合评价--变化速度特征的视角

为了进一步测度评价对象整体的变化速度发展态势，结合已有关于评价对象静态评价模型、变化速度状态和趋势测量模型的研究，以信息集结视角和“激励与惩罚”手段，运用变化速度趋势对变化速度状态进行修正，构建了融合变化速度状态和趋势等变化速度特征的变化速度动态综合评价模型。并以我国30个省区作为样本进行实证研究，得出各省区2005年～2011年间知识密集型制造业技术创新能力截面静态和变化速度动态综合评价结果，结果表明：知识密集型制造业技术创新能力较高的东部发达省份，其变化速度上升趋势微弱，甚至不少省份呈现递减状态；而知识密集型制造业技术创新能力较低的中西部省份，多数地区变化速度上升趋势显著，且上升趋势幅度高于多数东部省区。

知识密集型服务业创新轨迹演化研究:P-KIBS与T-KIBS的对比

长期以来创新轨迹的研究以制造业为主要的研究对象,技术导向的创新轨迹研究无法充分捕捉服务创新活动的互动性、非技术性和开放性。文章在综述服务业创新轨迹研究的基础上,通过纵向多案例的研究设计,选择6家知识密集型服务业企业进行案例分析。通过3家P-KIBS和3家T-KIBS的对比分析,识别不同知识密集型企业创新轨迹的共性和差异性,揭示服务业创新轨迹的演化路径。研究发现,P-KIBS和T-KIBS发展出不同的创新轨迹,前者从顾客驱动创新发展为与顾客合作创新最终实现基于创新网络的协同,后者则是从技术驱动创新发展为基于技术的商业模式创新最终实现基于创新网络的协同。内部技术能力的提升和外部创新网络之间的协同和互补是知识密集型服务业创新能力的重要来源。

知识搜寻对企业技术创新流程的影响 --关系联结强度的调节效应

基于知识演化与技术创新流程的映射关系,将企业技术创新解析为知识溯源、知识转换和知识利用的递归过程。通过对多家创新型企业进行问卷调研,利用层次回归分析法,探究知识搜寻宽度、知识搜寻深度对不同阶段技术创新的影响程度,以及联结强度的调节作用。实证结果表明:知识搜寻宽度对技术创新三阶段均产生显著正向影响,知识搜寻深度与知识溯源、知识转换阶段的创新效果呈倒U型关系。同时,关系联结强度负向调节知识搜寻宽度与技术创新三阶段的关系,正向调节知识搜寻深度与知识溯源、知识转换阶段创新效果的关系。研究结论有助于为企业建立“联结关系-搜寻策略-创新流程”的匹配组合、高效开展以精准技术创新为导向的知识搜寻活动提供理论参考与依据。

协作研发网络结构、企业知识吐纳能力与创新--基于71家新能源汽车企业的考察

现实中,我国新能源汽车企业的研发创新活动呈现出三个梯队状态,而这三个梯队并非连续性,而是带有“断崖”式特征,企业间的创新模式、知识吸收与扩散能力以及创新绩效差距非常大。从增强产业协作研发与企业创新关系角度出发,基于71家新能源汽车企业的考察,分析我国新能源汽车产业的协作研发网络,并将企业创新模式区分为探索式创新和利用式创新,研究协作研发网络结构的网络联结强度、网络中心度对不同模式创新的影响。引入企业知识吐纳能力范畴,探索企业知识吐纳能力在网络结构与企业创新关系间的作用。结果表明,网络联结强度对利用式创新没有显著影响,对探索式创新有显著的倒U型作用;网络中心度对利用式创新有显著的正向作用,对探索式创新有显著的倒U型影响;企业知识吐纳能力正向调节网络中心度对利用式创新的影响,对网络联结强度、网络中心度与探索式创新的倒U型关系有调节作用,但作用方式并不相同。

知识密集服务企业-顾客交互创新机制——服务主导逻辑视角下的多案例研究

文章基于服务主导逻辑理论,对知识密集服务企业-顾客交互创新机制进行了研究,通过采用多案例研究的方法,经案例选择、数据收集及数据分析与结果讨论,对四个知识密集服务开发项目的服务创新过程进行深入剖析,识别了知识密集服务企业-顾客交互结构维与过程维,结合规则正式化、决策集体化、资源共享和任务协作四大核心要素,构建起"知识密集服务企业-顾客交互—顾客知识整合—新服务开发绩效"内在关系的六个研究命题,得出了知识密集服务企业-顾客交互影响新服务开发绩效是通过顾客技术知识整合和顾客情景知识整合两条路径共同实现的基本结论,从而在理论上丰富了基于服务主导逻辑解释企业-顾客交互创新机制的相关研究,是对共同创造范式下的创新管理规律的有益探索。