To test the effectiveness of introducing live zooplankton against direct manuring in ornamental fish ponds upon their survival and production, larvae of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were cultured for 11 weeks in eart...To test the effectiveness of introducing live zooplankton against direct manuring in ornamental fish ponds upon their survival and production, larvae of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were cultured for 11 weeks in earthen ponds maintained according to four management regimes： （1） live zooplankton fed to carp larvae （LF）; （2） direct fertilization with poultry manure （PM）; （3） direct fertilization with cowdung （CD）; and （4） a control treatment （C）. There were three replicates for each treatment. The growth of heterotrophic bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms like Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were also examined in response to pond management. Values of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher （P〈0.05） in the water of LF ponds, compared to other treatments, while the PM and CD treatments recorded were significantly higher （P〈0.05） values of PO4 - P, NH4 - N, NO3 - N, NO2 - N, specific conductivity, alkalinity, and BOD, compared to the LF and C treatments. The percentages of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the bottom sediments were higher in the PM and CD treatments compared to LF （P〈0.05）. Average counts of heterotrophic bacteria in the water of PM and CD ponds were significantly higher than other treatments （P〈0.05）. The development of Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were significantly higher （P〈0.05） in the PM and CD treatments. Weight gain of koi carp stocked in LF was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of fish in the other treatments. There was a significant difference in the survival rate of koi carp among the treatments ranging from 67.21% in C to 90.11% in LF. The results suggest that raising koi carp larvae in ponds and feeding them exogenously with zooplankton would support high rates of survival and production through maintenance of better water quality and greater abundance of zooplankton in the system. Significantly lower abundance of Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the LF treatment considerably lowered any possibility of occurrence of bacterial disease.展开更多
A poor environment increases fish’s susceptibility to myxosporean infection that can cause the death of larval fish,especially for koi fish(Cyprinus carpio).This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics,loca...A poor environment increases fish’s susceptibility to myxosporean infection that can cause the death of larval fish,especially for koi fish(Cyprinus carpio).This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics,local anti-parasitic drugs(kutuklin),and the chemical compound diflubenzuron treatments on the koi immune response.This study used PCR with specific primer 18S SSU rDNA and DNA sequencing to detect Myxobulus phylogenetic.The treatments were divided into 5 groups:Treatment(A)(healthy koi without treatment),(B)(infected koi without treatment),(C)(infected koi with 0.55 mL/30 L probiotics),(D)(infected koi with 1μL/g of feed kutuklin),and(E)(infected koi with 0.02 mg/5 L dimilin).Myxospore has observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)fluorescence staining.The histological analysis using semi-quantitative scoring methods,and flow cytometry was conducted to analyse the immune response of Cluster of differentiation 4(CD4^(+)),Cluster of differentiation 8(CD8^(+)),Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha(TNF-α),Interferon gamma(IFN-γ)cells in the gills.Results show that the histological analysis indicated edema,hyperplasia,lamella fusion,congestion,and hypertrophy lesions in infected koi.Treatment with probiotics shows the lowest damage(30.6%).The immune responses of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells to dimilin treatment were 10.54%and 16.86%,respectively.The largest TNF-αand IFN-γresponse were for the kutuklin treatment(29.26%)and probiotics treatment(8.23%).展开更多
从发病的外塘锦鲤的肝、脾、肾等组织中分离到大量优势生长的细菌,经表型特征分析和16S r DNA序列测定,发现该菌为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)。通过对正常的锦鲤进行人工感染试验,7 d后锦鲤全部死亡,症状与自然发病症状相似,表明该菌对...从发病的外塘锦鲤的肝、脾、肾等组织中分离到大量优势生长的细菌,经表型特征分析和16S r DNA序列测定,发现该菌为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)。通过对正常的锦鲤进行人工感染试验,7 d后锦鲤全部死亡,症状与自然发病症状相似,表明该菌对锦鲤有致病性;用含有抗生素的20种药敏纸片进行药敏实验,发现该假单胞菌对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素高敏,对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、阿米卡星中敏,对其他14种抗生素有耐药性。本研究旨在为锦鲤致病性病原的确定和防治提供参考依据。展开更多
文摘To test the effectiveness of introducing live zooplankton against direct manuring in ornamental fish ponds upon their survival and production, larvae of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were cultured for 11 weeks in earthen ponds maintained according to four management regimes： （1） live zooplankton fed to carp larvae （LF）; （2） direct fertilization with poultry manure （PM）; （3） direct fertilization with cowdung （CD）; and （4） a control treatment （C）. There were three replicates for each treatment. The growth of heterotrophic bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms like Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were also examined in response to pond management. Values of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher （P〈0.05） in the water of LF ponds, compared to other treatments, while the PM and CD treatments recorded were significantly higher （P〈0.05） values of PO4 - P, NH4 - N, NO3 - N, NO2 - N, specific conductivity, alkalinity, and BOD, compared to the LF and C treatments. The percentages of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the bottom sediments were higher in the PM and CD treatments compared to LF （P〈0.05）. Average counts of heterotrophic bacteria in the water of PM and CD ponds were significantly higher than other treatments （P〈0.05）. The development of Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were significantly higher （P〈0.05） in the PM and CD treatments. Weight gain of koi carp stocked in LF was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of fish in the other treatments. There was a significant difference in the survival rate of koi carp among the treatments ranging from 67.21% in C to 90.11% in LF. The results suggest that raising koi carp larvae in ponds and feeding them exogenously with zooplankton would support high rates of survival and production through maintenance of better water quality and greater abundance of zooplankton in the system. Significantly lower abundance of Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the LF treatment considerably lowered any possibility of occurrence of bacterial disease.
基金The authors would like to express their gratitudes to the Institute for Research and Community Service,Universitas Brawijaya,Indonesia through the“Doktor Mengabdi 2018"[grant DIPA number:DIPA-042.01.2.400919,2018].
文摘A poor environment increases fish’s susceptibility to myxosporean infection that can cause the death of larval fish,especially for koi fish(Cyprinus carpio).This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics,local anti-parasitic drugs(kutuklin),and the chemical compound diflubenzuron treatments on the koi immune response.This study used PCR with specific primer 18S SSU rDNA and DNA sequencing to detect Myxobulus phylogenetic.The treatments were divided into 5 groups:Treatment(A)(healthy koi without treatment),(B)(infected koi without treatment),(C)(infected koi with 0.55 mL/30 L probiotics),(D)(infected koi with 1μL/g of feed kutuklin),and(E)(infected koi with 0.02 mg/5 L dimilin).Myxospore has observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)fluorescence staining.The histological analysis using semi-quantitative scoring methods,and flow cytometry was conducted to analyse the immune response of Cluster of differentiation 4(CD4^(+)),Cluster of differentiation 8(CD8^(+)),Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha(TNF-α),Interferon gamma(IFN-γ)cells in the gills.Results show that the histological analysis indicated edema,hyperplasia,lamella fusion,congestion,and hypertrophy lesions in infected koi.Treatment with probiotics shows the lowest damage(30.6%).The immune responses of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells to dimilin treatment were 10.54%and 16.86%,respectively.The largest TNF-αand IFN-γresponse were for the kutuklin treatment(29.26%)and probiotics treatment(8.23%).
文摘从发病的外塘锦鲤的肝、脾、肾等组织中分离到大量优势生长的细菌,经表型特征分析和16S r DNA序列测定,发现该菌为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)。通过对正常的锦鲤进行人工感染试验,7 d后锦鲤全部死亡,症状与自然发病症状相似,表明该菌对锦鲤有致病性;用含有抗生素的20种药敏纸片进行药敏实验,发现该假单胞菌对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素高敏,对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、阿米卡星中敏,对其他14种抗生素有耐药性。本研究旨在为锦鲤致病性病原的确定和防治提供参考依据。
文摘为探讨锦鲤的抗逆机理,在实验室条件下研究了持续热应激对大正三色锦鲤非特异性免疫指标及HSP70基因相对表达量的影响。分别于应激前、应激后2、6、10、14、18、22、26 h进行取样测定呼吸爆发、补体蛋白3(C3)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)以及热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因的相对表达量。结果发现,热应激后呼吸爆发降低,在应激后2、10、18～26h降低显著(P<0.05);热应激2 h后血清中C3含量略有上升,应激6～26 h过程中与应激前相比均下降,应激14～22 h显著地下降(P<0.05);热应激下血清中SOD有上升的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);热应激下,血清中MDA浓度升高,应激10～18 h上升显著(P<0.05);应激后2、26 h HSP70基因的相对表达量与应激前相比显著性地上升了5.93倍、2倍(P<0.05),应激后6～22 h HSP70基因的相对表达量与应激前水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,热应激影响锦鲤非特性免疫指标,降低锦鲤非特异性免疫力;HSP70的表达受热应激调节,热应激下诱导合成的HSP70对锦鲤起到一定的应激保护作用。
