To test the effectiveness of introducing live zooplankton against direct manuring in ornamental fish ponds upon their survival and production, larvae of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were cultured for 11 weeks in eart...To test the effectiveness of introducing live zooplankton against direct manuring in ornamental fish ponds upon their survival and production, larvae of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were cultured for 11 weeks in earthen ponds maintained according to four management regimes： （1） live zooplankton fed to carp larvae （LF）; （2） direct fertilization with poultry manure （PM）; （3） direct fertilization with cowdung （CD）; and （4） a control treatment （C）. There were three replicates for each treatment. The growth of heterotrophic bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms like Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were also examined in response to pond management. Values of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher （P〈0.05） in the water of LF ponds, compared to other treatments, while the PM and CD treatments recorded were significantly higher （P〈0.05） values of PO4 - P, NH4 - N, NO3 - N, NO2 - N, specific conductivity, alkalinity, and BOD, compared to the LF and C treatments. The percentages of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the bottom sediments were higher in the PM and CD treatments compared to LF （P〈0.05）. Average counts of heterotrophic bacteria in the water of PM and CD ponds were significantly higher than other treatments （P〈0.05）. The development of Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were significantly higher （P〈0.05） in the PM and CD treatments. Weight gain of koi carp stocked in LF was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of fish in the other treatments. There was a significant difference in the survival rate of koi carp among the treatments ranging from 67.21% in C to 90.11% in LF. The results suggest that raising koi carp larvae in ponds and feeding them exogenously with zooplankton would support high rates of survival and production through maintenance of better water quality and greater abundance of zooplankton in the system. Significantly lower abundance of Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the LF treatment considerably lowered any possibility of occurrence of bacterial disease.展开更多
Three gram negative bacteria isolated from infected koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L. and screened for sensitivity to thirty antibiotics by the Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteria evaluated were Aeromonas hydrophila, Pse...Three gram negative bacteria isolated from infected koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L. and screened for sensitivity to thirty antibiotics by the Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteria evaluated were Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Edwardseilla tarda. A. hydrophila was resistant to ampicilin, cephalothin, sulphatriad, cefpodoxime and cefoxitin. Highest sensitivity was recorded to Colistin methane sulphonate and Ceftriaxone. High resistance was observed for P. aeruginosa in Kanamysin, Cephalothin, Sulphatriad, Colistin methane sulphonate, Tobramysin, Nitro Furantoin, Cefpodoxime, Cefoxitin and Aztreonam. Highest sensitivity recorded with Moxifloxacin. High resistance was observed in Co-trimoxamole and higher sensitivity performed for E. tarda by Tetracyclin, Cephotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gatifloxacin and Levofloxacin. Out of that highest sensitivity recorded with Moxifloxacin High sensitivity was recorded for Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin. By means of antibiotic sensitivity test highest resistance was recorded to P. aeruginosa （MAR index-0.3） and least resistant was recorded to E, tarda （MAR index- 0.033）.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxa...The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxanthin and FM （fish meal） ration for koi carp juveniles. In the first experiment, three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were designed with three different levels of astaxanthin consisted of 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg and a commercial feed served as a control. For the second experiment, four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were formulated with graded inclusions of dietary FM replaced from 0% to 60% at 20% increments by SM （soybean meal）, PBM （poultry by-product meal）, and a CD （control diet）. Obtained results demonstrated that skin pigmentation of koi carp juveniles fed the diet containing 80 mg/kg astaxanthin, 36.02% protein, 7.78% lipid, 4.20 Kcal/g GE （gross energy） were more better than those at the diet with lower estaxanthin content and commercial diet. Moreover, the highest growth and feed utilization of fish were observed at this diet with WG （weight gain）, SGR （specific growth rate） and FCR （feed conversion ratio） were 121.80%, 0.95 （%/day） and 1.6, respectively.展开更多
文摘To test the effectiveness of introducing live zooplankton against direct manuring in ornamental fish ponds upon their survival and production, larvae of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were cultured for 11 weeks in earthen ponds maintained according to four management regimes： （1） live zooplankton fed to carp larvae （LF）; （2） direct fertilization with poultry manure （PM）; （3） direct fertilization with cowdung （CD）; and （4） a control treatment （C）. There were three replicates for each treatment. The growth of heterotrophic bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms like Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were also examined in response to pond management. Values of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher （P〈0.05） in the water of LF ponds, compared to other treatments, while the PM and CD treatments recorded were significantly higher （P〈0.05） values of PO4 - P, NH4 - N, NO3 - N, NO2 - N, specific conductivity, alkalinity, and BOD, compared to the LF and C treatments. The percentages of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the bottom sediments were higher in the PM and CD treatments compared to LF （P〈0.05）. Average counts of heterotrophic bacteria in the water of PM and CD ponds were significantly higher than other treatments （P〈0.05）. The development of Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were significantly higher （P〈0.05） in the PM and CD treatments. Weight gain of koi carp stocked in LF was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of fish in the other treatments. There was a significant difference in the survival rate of koi carp among the treatments ranging from 67.21% in C to 90.11% in LF. The results suggest that raising koi carp larvae in ponds and feeding them exogenously with zooplankton would support high rates of survival and production through maintenance of better water quality and greater abundance of zooplankton in the system. Significantly lower abundance of Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the LF treatment considerably lowered any possibility of occurrence of bacterial disease.
文摘Three gram negative bacteria isolated from infected koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L. and screened for sensitivity to thirty antibiotics by the Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteria evaluated were Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Edwardseilla tarda. A. hydrophila was resistant to ampicilin, cephalothin, sulphatriad, cefpodoxime and cefoxitin. Highest sensitivity was recorded to Colistin methane sulphonate and Ceftriaxone. High resistance was observed for P. aeruginosa in Kanamysin, Cephalothin, Sulphatriad, Colistin methane sulphonate, Tobramysin, Nitro Furantoin, Cefpodoxime, Cefoxitin and Aztreonam. Highest sensitivity recorded with Moxifloxacin. High resistance was observed in Co-trimoxamole and higher sensitivity performed for E. tarda by Tetracyclin, Cephotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gatifloxacin and Levofloxacin. Out of that highest sensitivity recorded with Moxifloxacin High sensitivity was recorded for Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin. By means of antibiotic sensitivity test highest resistance was recorded to P. aeruginosa （MAR index-0.3） and least resistant was recorded to E, tarda （MAR index- 0.033）.
文摘The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxanthin and FM （fish meal） ration for koi carp juveniles. In the first experiment, three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were designed with three different levels of astaxanthin consisted of 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg and a commercial feed served as a control. For the second experiment, four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were formulated with graded inclusions of dietary FM replaced from 0% to 60% at 20% increments by SM （soybean meal）, PBM （poultry by-product meal）, and a CD （control diet）. Obtained results demonstrated that skin pigmentation of koi carp juveniles fed the diet containing 80 mg/kg astaxanthin, 36.02% protein, 7.78% lipid, 4.20 Kcal/g GE （gross energy） were more better than those at the diet with lower estaxanthin content and commercial diet. Moreover, the highest growth and feed utilization of fish were observed at this diet with WG （weight gain）, SGR （specific growth rate） and FCR （feed conversion ratio） were 121.80%, 0.95 （%/day） and 1.6, respectively.
