Every Tiling of the First Quadrant by Ribbon <i>L n</i>-Ominoes Follows the Rectangular Pattern

Let and let be the set of four ribbon L-shaped n-ominoes. We study tiling problems for regions in a square lattice by . Our main result shows a remarkable property of this set of tiles: any tiling of the first quadrant by , n even, reduces to a tiling by and rectangles, each rectangle being covered by two ribbon L-shaped n-ominoes. An application of our result is the characterization of all rectangles that can be tiled by , n even: a rectangle can be tiled by , n even, if and only if both of its sides are even and at least one side is divisible by n. Another application is the existence of the local move property for an infinite family of sets of tiles: , n even, has the local move property for the class of rectangular regions with respect to the local moves that interchange a tiling of an square by n/2 vertical rectangles, with a tiling by n/2 horizontal rectangles, each vertical/horizontal rectangle being covered by two ribbon L-shaped n-ominoes. We show that none of these results are valid for any odd n. The rectangular pattern of a tiling of the first quadrant persists if we add an extra tile to , n even. A rectangle can be tiled by the larger set of tiles if and only if it has both sides even. We also show that our main result implies that a skewed L-shaped n-omino, n even, is not a replicating tile of order k2 for any odd k.

On Tilings of Quadrants and Rectangles and Rectangular Pattern

The problem of tiling rectangles by polyominoes generated large interest. A related one is the problem of tiling parallelograms by twisted polyominoes. Both problems are related with tilings of (skewed) quadrants by polyominoes. Indeed, if all tilings of a (skewed) quadrant by a tile set can be reduced to a tiling by congruent rectangles (parallelograms), this provides information about tilings of rectangles (parallelograms). We consider a class of tile sets in a square lattice appearing from arbitrary dissections of rectangles in two L-shaped polyominoes and from symmetries of these tiles about the first bisector. Only translations of the tiles are allowed in a tiling. If the sides of the dissected rectangle are coprime, we show the existence of tilings of all (skewed) quadrants that do not follow the rectangular (parallelogram) pattern. If one of the sides of the dissected rectangle is 2 and the other is odd, we also show tilings of rectangles by the tile set that do not follow the rectangular pattern. If one of the sides of the dissected rectangle is 2 and the other side is even, we show a new infinite family of tile sets that follows the rectangular pattern when tiling one of the quadrants. For this type of dis-section, we also show a new infinite family that does not follow the rectangular pattern when tiling rectangles. Finally, we investigate more general dissections of rectangles, with. Here we show infinite families of tile sets that follow the rectangular pattern for a quadrant and infinite families that do not follow the rectangular pattern for any quadrant. We also show, for infinite families of tile sets of this type, tilings of rectangles that do not follow the rectangular pattern.

Cloning, Expression Pattern Analysis and Subcellular Localization of Resveratrol Synthase Gene in Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>L.)

Resveratrol synthase (RS) is a key enzyme that plays a critical role in the resveratrol synthesis pathway. In this study, six RS genes were isolated and characterized from peanut variety “Zhenzhu Hong” by silico cloning and RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that deduced amino acid sequences of the six cloned RS genes were highly conserved with a similarity from 95% to 99% when compared to the RS genes which had been deposited at the GenBank. The results of amino acid sequences analysis showed six RS proteins contained the Chal_Sti_Synt_N and ACP_Syn_III_C domains and can be classified to same family but with different evolutionary distance. Expression pattern analysis by QRT-PCR provided evidence indicating that the mRNA of six RS genes were primarily expressed in the peanut shell at different developmental stages with different expression levels, but only lower levels of them were evident in the peanut kernel. The subcellular localization of RS protein in onion epidermal cell was performed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and the green fluorescent was monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results indicated that, RS1 and RS5 were located in the nucleus and plasma membrane respectively, while the RS2, RS3, RS4 and RS6 were located in both nucleus inner membrane and plasma membrane. The data will provide basic information for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms and enzyme kinetics underlying the RS genes in the resveratrol synthase pathway.

Association RuleMining Frequent-Pattern-Based Intrusion Detection in Network

In the network security system,intrusion detection plays a significant role.The network security system detects the malicious actions in the network and also conforms the availability,integrity and confidentiality of data informa-tion resources.Intrusion identification system can easily detect the false positive alerts.If large number of false positive alerts are created then it makes intrusion detection system as difficult to differentiate the false positive alerts from genuine attacks.Many research works have been done.The issues in the existing algo-rithms are more memory space and need more time to execute the transactions of records.This paper proposes a novel framework of network security Intrusion Detection System(IDS)using Modified Frequent Pattern(MFP-Tree)via K-means algorithm.The accuracy rate of Modified Frequent Pattern Tree(MFPT)-K means method infinding the various attacks are Normal 94.89%,for DoS based attack 98.34%,for User to Root(U2R)attacks got 96.73%,Remote to Local(R2L)got 95.89%and Probe attack got 92.67%and is optimal when it is compared with other existing algorithms of K-Means and APRIORI.

海上L区稀疏井网沉积微相刻画研究

海上L区井网稀疏井数少、目标储层地震分辨率差、制约储层沉积微相刻画精度,为解决小层沉积微相刻画难的问题,建立了以沉积模式为指导、单井微相作约束、多地震属性综合对比的沉积微相刻画方法,完成稀疏井网小层沉积微相识别刻画研究,明确工区微相展布特征,相演化模式验证结果可靠。形成的稀疏井网沉积微相刻画方法,为海上稀疏井网储层沉积微相刻画提供参考和借鉴意义。

Investigation of L1_0 FePt-based soft/hard composite bit-patterned media by micromagnetic simulation

The soft/hard composite patterned media have potential to be the next generation of magnetic recording, but the composing modes of soft and hard materials have not been investigated systematically. L10 FePt-based soft/hard composite patterned media with an anisotropic constant distribution are studied by micromagnetic simulation. Square arrays and hexagonal arrays with various pitch sizes are simulated for two composing types： the soft layer that encloses the hard dots and the soft layer that covers the whole surface. It is found that the soft material can reduce the switching fields of bits effectively for all models. Compared with the first type, the second type of models possess low switching fields, narrow switching field distributions, and high gain factors due to the introduction of inter-bit exchange coupling. Furthermore, the readout waveforms of the second type are not deteriorated by the inter-bit soft layers. Since the recording density of hexagonal arrays are higher than that of square arrays with the same center-to-center distances, the readout waveforrns of hexagonal arrays are a little worse, although other simulation results are similar for these two arrays.

Characterization of subunits encoded by Sn RK1 and dissection of combinations among these subunits in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)

Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein kinases.It commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological responses to biotic or abiotic stresses.It plays a key role in distributing carbohydrates and sugar signal transporting.In the present study,eight SnRK1 coding genes were identified in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)via sequences alignment,with three forαsubunits(SnRK1α1 to SnRK1α3),three forβ(SnRK1β1 to SnRK1β3),and one for bothγ(SnRK1γ)andβγ(SnRK1βγ).These eight corresponding genes located on five chromosomes(Chr)of Chr1–3,Chr7,and Chr9 and presented collinearities to SnRK1s from maize and rice,exhibiting highly conserved domains within the same subunits from the three kinds of cereals.Expression results via qRT-PCR showed that different coding genes of SnRK1s in sorghum possessed similar expression patterns except for SnRK1α3 with a low expression level in grains and SnRK1β2 with a relatively high expression level in inflorescences.Results of subcellular localization in sorghum leaf protoplast showed that SnRK1α1/α2/α3/γmainly located on organelles,while the rest four of SnRK1β1/β2/β3/βγlocated on both membranes and some organelles.Besides,three combinations were discovered among eight SnRK1 subunits in sorghum through yeast two hybrid,includingα1-β2-βγ,α2-β3-γ,andα3-β3-γ.These results provide informative references for the following functional dissection of SnRK1 subunits in sorghum.

L不可分解极小L矩阵

本文利用向量的扩充概念,给出了一个符号模式L不可分解极小L矩阵的若干必要条件和充分条件及一种构造方法,进而得到了这类矩阵的一个组合刻画,同时对这类矩阵中非零元个数的最大值进行了研究.

姜黄标准汤剂HPLC指纹图谱结合化学模式识别研究

为了建立姜黄标准汤剂的HPLC指纹图谱,以来自四川、云南和广西的15个批次姜黄饮片为原料制备姜黄标准汤剂冻干粉,通过优化样品提取工艺和色谱条件,对姜黄标准汤剂的主要成分进行HPLC分析和化学模式识别分析。结果表明:15批姜黄标准汤剂的HPLC指纹图谱共标定了13个共有峰,确认了11、12和13号峰分别为双去甲氧基姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和姜黄素;通过主成分分析筛选出了2个差异性成分(3号峰和4号峰),但目前还不能确定其所代表的物质;15批姜黄标准汤剂的相似度评价结果均大于0.9,整体可以聚为2大类,其中S5、S11和S14聚为一类,其余批次聚为一类。该HPLC指纹图谱方法呈现良好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,可为姜黄标准汤剂及中药配方颗粒产品质量控制提供参考和帮助。

Inferring Behavior of Chinese Krill Fishing Vessel Using a Simple Walk Model

Each type of fishery has its own characteristic behavior, and understanding this condition is an important part of devel- oping and managing fishing operations comprehensively. Based on the random walk model, the relationship between distance and frequency distribution of adjacent fishing positions was analyzed by the Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Subareas 48.1, 48.2, and 48.3. The frequency of distances between consecutive hauls demonstrated a heavy- tailed distribution, which could be used to estimate the value of parameter μ in the power function F(l)~ l μ of a random walk model to determine the type of random walk patterns that characterize Chinese krill fishery. Results indicated that the fishing pattern of the Chinese krill fishery is consistent with the Lévy random walk model, with which the step-length is applied to analyze the walking pattern. When a defined walk in a space of dimension is greater than one, the steps made are in isotropic random directions. Fur- thermore, a strong and positive correlation between fishing behavior (using the parameter μ as an indicator) and catch per unit effort of the Chinese krill fishery was observed.

Statistical Classification Using the Maximum Function

The maximum of k numerical functions defined on , , by , ??is used here in Statistical classification. Previously, it has been used in Statistical Discrimination [1] and in Clustering [2]. We present first some theoretical results on this function, and then its application in classification using a computer program we have developed. This approach leads to clear decisions, even in cases where the extension to several classes of Fisher’s linear discriminant function fails to be effective.

水稻OsRLCK167基因的组织表达模式和生物信息学分析

类受体胞质激酶(receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases,RLCKs)家族是一类特殊蛋白激酶,在植物生长和病原菌防御中发挥着重要的生物学功能。在对水稻RLCKⅥ家族成员OsRRK1基因的研究中发现水稻4号染色体上存在一个与其同源性特别高的基因,即OsRLCK167(LOC_Os04g56060)。为了丰富类受体胞质激酶家族并探究水稻胞质受体激酶基因的作用,本研究利用ExPASy-Protparam、Protscale、CD-search等在线工具和DNAMAN软件对OsRLCK167基因进行生物信息学分析;采用qRT-PCR技术对OsRLCK167基因做组织表达模式分析。结果显示:OsRLCK167蛋白的分子量为43.77776 kD,为疏水性、不稳定的酸性蛋白;对该蛋白的二级结构进行预测,显示其主要由无规则卷曲(41.94%)、α-螺旋(35.29%)、延伸链(15.35%)和β-转角(7.42%)组成;该基因在水稻不同组织均有表达,且在叶鞘中的表达量最高。结果表明,OsRLCK167基因在进化过程中具有高度的保守性,在水稻中具有功能多样性。

基于LBP纹理和改进Camshift算子的车辆检测与跟踪

提出了利用背景图像LBP(局部二值模式)纹理和当前帧图像LBP纹理的相似度分析提取前景的方法,克服了车辆检测中常用的帧差法、背景差分法对光照比较敏感的缺点.同时基于H,S,V分量及改进的LBP纹理的联合直方图与金字塔L-K光流法中心跟踪相结合的Camshift跟踪算法,有效地解决了背景目标颜色相近可能会导致跟踪的目标区域加入背景后变大、处理较大帧间位移的视频跟踪上搜索窗口的位置准确度较低的问题.实验证明,该方法具有良好的检测和追踪效果.

Radial profile of sap flow velocity in mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) in Northwest China

Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity（Js） was investigated at five depths of the xylem（1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium） in three mature Xinjiang poplar（Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis） trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier＇s design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/（dm2？d） at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem（at 8-cm depth）, which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/（dm2？d）. The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August（the mid-growing season）. Maximum differences between the lowest Js（Js,1 or Js,8） and the highest Js（Js,3 or Js,5） from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/（cm2？h）, respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile（except at 1-cm depth） were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration（ET0）. Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885.

融合PCA与LDA变换的仿生人脸识别研究

就基于PCA与LDA变换的传统人脸识别方法识别率低但特征提取过程中维数低和基于K-L变换的仿生人脸识别方法识别率高但在特征提取过程中维数过高的的问题,将两者的优点相结合,提出了一种基于PCA与LDA变换的仿生人脸识别新方法。通过PCA与LDA变换对训练人脸样本进行特征提取,然后构建各类样本的覆盖区域。再通过判断待识别人脸特征在各覆盖区域的归属情况来识别人脸。实验收到了预期的效果,证明了方法的可行性。

Indinavir Resistance Evolution in One Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infected Patient Revealed by Single-Genome Amplification

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 exists in vivo as quasispecies, and one of the genome's characteristics is its diversity. During the antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance is the main obstacle to effective viral prevention. Understanding the molecular evolution process is fundamental to analyze the mechanism of drug resistance and develop a strategy to minimize resistance. Objective: The molecular evolution of drug resistance of one patient who had received reverse transcriptase inhibitors for a long time and had treatment which replaced Nevirapine with Indinavir was analyzed, with the aim of observing the drug resistance evolution pathway. Methods: The patient, XLF, was followed-up for six successive times. The viral populations were amplified and sequenced by single-genome amplification. All the sequences were submitted to the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database for the analysis of genotypic drug resistance. Results: 149 entire protease and 171 entire reverse transcriptase sequences were obtained from these samples, and all sequences were identified as subtype B. Before the patient received Indinavir, the viral population only had some polymorphisms in the protease sequences. After the patient began Indinavir treatment, the variants carrying polymorphisms declined while variants carrying the secondary mutation G73S gained the advantage. As therapy was prolonged, G73S was combined with M46I/L90M to form a resistance pattern M46I/G73S/L90M, which then became the dominant population. 97.9% of variants had the M46I/G73S/L90M pattern at XLF6. During the emergence of protease inhibitors resistance, reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance maintained high levels. Conclusion: Indinavirresistance evolution was observed by single-genome amplification. During the course of changing the regimen to incorporate Indinavir, the G73S mutation occurred and was combined with M46I/L90M.

The new finding of Neogene marine low-resistivity light oil field in the western part of Pearl River Mouth Basin

Based on the new finding of Wenchang L low-resistivity light oil field, the finding process, reservoir charac- teristics and pool-forming pattern were studied. The oil-rock correlation, neritic reservoir type, hydrocarbon conduct system and dominant migration and accumulation direction, and new techniques were discussed. The results showed that large amount of hydrocarbon generated by shallow lacustrine mudstone and shale of Eocene Wenchang formation could migrate from sag to Qionghai uplift distantly; neritic shoal-bar reservoir have developed in the 1 st member of Zhujiang formation, dip-sag faults and regional good marine sandstone layers of the 1 st and the 2nd member of Zhujiang formation have constituted hydrocarbon conduct system in Qionghai uplift ; the late fault system which were controlled by Dongsha tectonic movement constructed the connection between lower hydrocarbon and upper neritic shoal-bar reservoir. There- fore, the pool-forming pattern with ＂vertical migration and accumulation, secondary strncture-lithology-dominated＂ was proposed. Finally the enlightenment of exploratin~ new findings was discussed.

小麦bHLH型转录因子TaHLH1的分子特征和表达特性研究

利用cDNA-AFLP技术,鉴定了1个对低磷胁迫逆境产生明显应答的小麦bHLH型转录因子转录本片段(TDF)。比对分析表明,该TDF(TaHLH1 EST)与前人在水稻中鉴定的对低磷产生明显应答的bHLH型转录因子基因OsPTF1高度同源。利用生物信息学技术,获得了TaHLH1 EST对应的cDNA序列。TaHLH1的cDNA全长为2 209bp,含有1个编码480个氨基酸残基的开放阅读框。TaHLH1含有bHLH型转录因子具有的Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix保守基序,分别由13,15,6和22个氨基酸残基组成。比对分析表明,TaHLH1与源于水稻、大麦和玉米的同源基因编码蛋白在保守基序的氨基酸组成上高度同源。TaHLH1对低磷、低氮、干旱和高盐等逆境明显应答,但对低钾、低钙、脱落酸(ABA)和低温不产生应答。研究表明,TaHLH1是小麦bHLH型转录因子家族的重要成员,在介导低磷等非生物逆境的信号转导中可能发挥着重要作用。

花生LEC1基因的克隆及表达研究

通过构建花生未成熟种子cDNA文库,结合大规模EST测序,从花生中克隆了LEC1基因2个成员的全长cDNA序列。序列分析表明,花生中LEC1的2个成员的序列在B结构域高度保守,属于LEC1型HAP3亚基。不同植物中LEC1基因在B结构域以外的序列差异很大。利用花生cDNA芯片和半定量RT-PCR对花生LEC1进行表达研究表明,LEC1在种子中高水平表达,在种子发育的不同时期表达有差异。

基于K-L变换与LS-SVM的玉米品种识别方法

为实现外观相似的不同玉米品种的有效识别,提出了K-L变换与最小二乘支持向量机相结合的籽粒品种鉴别方法。采用标记算法及多尺度小波分析方法获得玉米单籽粒图像,应用K-L变换技术提取籽粒图像的特征数据,设计了二叉树型多类LS-SVM分类器,实现了对特征数据的有效分类。通过试验分析,确定了较为合理的状态空间维数(L=3),正确识别率可达95.3%。