计及层内和层间的L形层合板失效的数值研究

民用复合材料飞机中,L形层合板是最常见也是最关键的元件,研究其失效机制对飞机结构安全至关重要。层内基体裂纹扩展和层间分层失效是L形复合材料层合板最关键的两种失效机制,这两种失效机制可能同时发生并且存在耦合作用。本文提出两套数值分析模型,用于描述L形复合材料层合板的失效过程。模型Ⅰ在L形板的弧形区域层间布置零厚度内聚力单元用于模拟分层,同时在90°层内铺设径向零厚度内聚力单元用于模拟基体裂纹。模型Ⅱ采用XFEM方法模拟基体裂纹的萌生和扩展,采用内聚力行为方法模拟分层。通过与试验进行对比,验证了本文方法的可行性。同时,对两套模型在失效模式和关键载荷预测等方面的能力和优缺点进行评价。结果表明,两套模型都能描述基体裂纹和分层的扩展及二者的耦合作用。模拟分析所得到的失效模式与试验结果一致,同时预测的初始失效载荷和最大失效载荷也与试验结果吻合良好。

矩形钢管混凝土束剪力墙风机塔筒L型连接节点力学性能研究

针对目前风机塔筒结构发展受限于结构高度与安装效率的问题,本文提出了一种L型螺栓连接的矩形钢管混凝土束剪力墙风机塔筒,并且针对螺栓关键连接区域进行了力学性能研究。最后通过有限元建模的方法对塔筒单片矩形钢管混凝土束剪力墙在面外以及面内荷载下的性能表现进行了分析,并且给出了相关设计建议。研究结果表明塔筒螺栓连接区域在单轴拉伸下的破坏模式为连接板弯曲变形以及螺栓拉断。塔筒单片剪力墙的面内初始刚度及承载力要显著高于面外。综合考虑剪力墙力学性能的提升效率以及剪力墙各部件的应力分布状态,建议当螺栓直径为20 mm时,连接板厚度不应大于螺栓直径;建议当连接板厚取20 mm时,螺栓直径取其1.2倍。

线性Poisson-Boltzmann方程的虚单元L^(2)误差估计

针对一类线性Poisson-Boltzmann方程的虚单元L^(2)误差估计进行分析.首先引入正则化的线性Poisson-Boltzmann方程,将原问题转化为非奇性Poisson-Boltzmann方程.然后给出L^(2)范数的误差估计.最后在四边形和五边形混合多边形网格上进行数值实验,数值结果验证了理论分析的正确性.

分缝护栏致空心板梁桥L型裂缝预应力控制方法研究

为提高护栏分缝桥梁的耐久性和承载力,以台金高速公路杨司高架桥预制空心板梁桥为背景,研究通过施加预应力控制因护栏分缝引起L型裂缝的有效性,并针对既有桥梁加固和新建桥梁设计提出通用的有效方法。采用Abaqus软件建立既有桥梁和新建桥梁的有限元模型,研究车道荷载作用产生的应力放大效应;分析预应力筋布置高度和长度对边梁梁底应力的影响及对既有桥梁护栏分缝导致的预应力损失;在此基础上,提出L型裂缝的预应力控制方法。结果表明:边梁应力放大系数随桥梁跨径和护栏高度的增加而增大,其取值范围为[1.42,2.14];预应力筋布置高度越低,边梁跨中梁底应力越大;预应力筋布置长度越短,既有桥梁梁底应力越大,对新建桥梁应力没有影响;分缝护栏对既有桥梁施加预应力产生损失,对新建桥梁不会产生预应力损失;在边梁跨中施加相应的预应力,可有效抵消跨中的应力集中效应,防止主梁跨中产生L型裂缝。

Assessment of the Phylogenetic Affiliation Levels of Water Mite(Acari,Hydrachnidia)Species with the Elemental Analysis Method

10 different species of water mites which are Georgella helvetica, Eylais extendens, Hydrachna globose, Hydrachna prosifera, Hydrachna skorikowi, Hydrodroma despiciens, Hydryphantes dispar, Limnesia fulgida, Eylais setosa, Hydryphantes flexuosus were used in this study. The total masses of these species were measured as mg with the use of an elemental analyzer to calculate the percentage of the organic components of their structures. The achieved values were assessed separately for each species and element with the interpolation method. Out of these organic elements, the amount of C with an approximately value of 50% was the highest for all species while the amounts of S which was approximately 1% was determined as the lowest for almost all species. The observed values were discussed in terms of the systematic of water mites.

L形多腔方钢管混凝土柱的抗火性能研究

为研究L形多腔方钢管混凝土柱的抗火性能,建立了42个不同荷载比、钢材屈服强度、柱肢宽度和混凝土抗压强度的有限元模型,并进行火灾模拟分析。结果表明:模型的测点温度和轴向位移的模拟值与试验值误差较小,模型具有可靠性,可用于异形多腔钢管混凝土柱的抗火性能模拟;荷载比的减小、钢材强度的减小、混凝土强度的增大和柱肢宽度的增大有利于构件耐火极限的提高;提出了L形多腔方钢管混凝土柱的耐火极限计算式并验证了其准确性,为此类构件在装配式住宅的工程应用中提供了抗火设计依据。

蓖麻基因组中一种Mutator-like类型MITEs元件的结构分析和鉴定

利用生物信息学方法,对蓖麻基因组Mutator-like类型MITEs元件进行了分析和鉴定。结果表明,蓖麻基因组上共鉴定出76个小于3 kb的Mutator-like类型MITEs元件,其中长度小于1 000 bp的元件有53个,占69.7%。这些MITEs元件中有42个位于基因间隔区,11个位于基因内含子区,位于5'UTR和3'UTR区的分别有8个和4个,另有1个位于基因编码区。29个MITEs元件带有转座酶以外的功能基因片段,成为pack-MITEs。多个pack-MITEs带有相同的非转座酶基因片段。Mutator-like类型的MITEs对蓖麻基因的表达和基因组的进化有潜在的影响,值得深入分析。

Microanalysis of Multi-Element in Juncus effusus L. by LIBS Technique

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） was used to decipher the unique multi-elemental characteristics of Juncus effusus L. The spectral fingerprints of Juncus effusus L. were established based on elemental microanalysis via LIBS. Microanalysis and multimode sampling methodologies were designed in this study. The relative standard deviation （RSD） approach was performed to optimize the multi-shot measurements. Taking advantage of the capability with no or minimal sample pre-treatment of LIBS, a thermodynamic chart of four elements （Mg, Ca, Ba, and Na） was created from twelve collection regions. The diagram of elemental distribution on a micro-scale was generated to explore the nature of Juncus effusus L. by LIBS. The results demon- strated that LIBS is a promising technique for rapid elemental microanalysis of heterogeneous samples.

A PRIORI L_2 ERROR ESTIMATES FOR A NONLINEAR PARABOLIC SYSTEM BASED ON COMBINING THE METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS WITH MIXED FINITE ELEMENT PROCEDURE

A nonlinear parabolic system is derived to describe incompressible nuclear waste-disposal contamination in porous media. A sequential implicit tirne-stepping is defined, in which the pressure and Darcy velocity of the mixture are approximated simultaneously by a mixed finite element method and the brine, radionuclid and heat are treated by a combination of a Galerkin finite element method and the method of characteristics. Optimal-order convergence in L2 is proved. Time-truncation errors of standard procedures are reduced by time stepping along the characteristics of the hyperbolic part of the brine, radionuclide and heal equalios, temporal and spatial error are lossened by direct compulation of the velocity in the mixed method, as opposed to differentiation of the pressure.

A Numerical Algorithm Based on Quadratic Finite Element for Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Time Fractional Thermal Diffusion Model

In this article,a high-order scheme,which is formulated by combining the quadratic finite element method in space with a second-order time discrete scheme,is developed for looking for the numerical solution of a two-dimensional nonlinear time fractional thermal diffusion model.The time Caputo fractional derivative is approximated by using the L2-1formula,the first-order derivative and nonlinear term are discretized by some second-order approximation formulas,and the quadratic finite element is used to approximate the spatial direction.The error accuracy O(h3+
t2)is obtained,which is verified by the numerical results.

Application for Superconvergence of Finite Element Approximations for the Elliptic Problem by Global and Local L²-Projection Methods

Numerical experiments are given to verify the theoretical results for superconvergence of the elliptic problem by global and local L2-Projection methods.

PIXE ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN GENUS HIPPOPHAE L

Trace elements in four kinds of the Genus Hippophae L pulps were analysed byPIXE. Optimization of the system performance was done by carefully selecting the absorbers, Analytical sensitivities of the PIXE system were obtained by means of "external standard method".

Superconvergence of nonconforming finite element penalty scheme for Stokes problem using L^2 projection method

A modified penalty scheme is discussed for solving the Stokes problem with the Crouzeix-Raviart type nonconforming linear triangular finite element. By the L^2 projection method, the superconvergence results for the velocity and pressure are obtained with a penalty parameter larger than that of the classical penalty scheme. The numerical experiments are carried out to confirm the theoretical results.

Molecular Characterization of Type II Transposable Elements in Cowpea [<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>(L.) Walp]

Previous genetic studies in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] have shown that an active bipartite transposable element (TE) is responsible for a range of mutant phenotypes of its leaf, stem and flower. Since type II TEs have not been characterized at the molecular level in cowpea, this study was initiated to survey the presence of type II TEs in the cowpea genome. Type II TEs: Enhancer/Suppressor-mutator (En/Spm) and Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) were isolated and characterized. The sequence identity between the EnSpm TE clones was 46% at the nucleotide level (NL) and 30% at the amino acid level (AL) while that of MITEs was 71% at NL and 63% at AL. These cowpea En/Spm TEs were 80% homologous with En/Spm elements of other crops at NL and 46% at AL. The MITEs were 96% similar at NL and 18% homologous at AL. DNA gel blot analysis confirmed the presence of the En/Spm TEs in cowpea. RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) analysis showed that the VuEnSpm-3 and the MITE clone, VuPIF-1 were actively transcribed in wild type and mutant cowpea tissues. Overall, our data show that multiple, divergent lineages of En/Spm and MITEs are present in the cowpea genome, some of which are actively transcribed. Our findings also offer new molecular resource to further investigate the genetic determinants underlying previously described mutant cowpea phenotypes.

Decreasing detection frequency of MITE(MCLas-A)in the population of‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'recently collected in southern China

An active miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE),MCL as-A,was previously identified from'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'known to be associated with citrus Huanglongbing(HL B,yellow shoot disease).To explore the recent transposition status of MCLas-A,389'Ca.L.asiaticus'strains collected from nine regions in China were amplifed using a specific primer set and three representative'Ca.L.asiaticus'strains were analyzed by next-generation sequencing(NGS)approach.PCR and genomic analysis showed that the entire MCLas A was only present in 1.80%(7/389)and the jumping-out type of the MITE was predominant(8123%)in samples tested,suggesting high frequency transposition occurred in'Ca.L.asiaticus'strains recently collected from China.Biological roles of transposition of the active MITE remain to be determined.

Determination of Inorganic Elements in Roots, Stems and Leaves of Arctium lappa L. by ICP-OES

[Objectives] To determine the content of 20 inorganic elements in 18 samples of roots, stems and leaves from of Arctium lappa L. produced in different areas. [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) were used. [Results] 20 kinds of inorganic elements in the samples of A. lappa L. roots contained rich elements essential for human beings such as K, Ca, Na, P and trace elements Cu, Fe, Zn; heavy metals Pb, As, Cu, Cd in A. lappa L. samples did not exceed the limit, and Hg was not detected in all 12 samples; heavy metals in A. lappa L. roots harvested in 12 months did not exceed the limit. [Conclusions] Compared with the roots of A. lappa L., the inorganic elements in the stems and leaves of A. lappa L. were relatively less. The samples collected from Shuimo Town in Wenchuan County of Aba Prefecture with an altitude of 920 m showed little difference from samples collected from Qiongxi Town in Hongyuan County of Aba Prefecture with an altitude of 3 505 m in 20 kinds of inorganic elements.

AN EXISTENCE THEOREM FOR MAXIMAL ELEMENTS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

An existence theorem of maximal elements for an L＊-majorized correspondence defined on a non-paracompact H-space is established. As applications of the result, an equilibrium existence theorem for a non-paracompact generalized game in H-spaces with infinitely many players and with L＊-majorized correspondences is given.

Isolating the Mutator Transposable Element Insertional Mutant Gene mio16 of Maize Using Double SelectedAmplification of Insertion Flanking Fragments (DSAIFF)

Mutator transposable element （Mu） has been used as an effective tool to clone maize （Zea mays L.） genes. One opaque endosperm mutant （miol6） was identified in a pool of Mu inserted mutants. A modified method, termed the double selected amplification of insertion flanking fragments （DSAIFF）, was employed to isolate the Mu flanking fragments （MFFs） of miol6. The target site duplications （TSDs） isolated from the Msp I and Mse I digested MFFs had a same 9-bp sequence and were confirmed to be the flanking sequence of one identically inserted gene. Co-segregation analysis suggested that the MFFs were associated with the mutant opaque endosperm, and miol6 was mapped in silico onto the physical position ranged from 229 965 021 to 229 965 409 bp of the maize chromosome 4.09 bin. The full-length cDNA of the wild-type gene was obtained by an RT-PCR primer-scanning technique, and Mio16 was found to putatively encode a homolog of the Arabidopsis MAP3K delta-1 protein kinase. RT-PCR result the mRNA expression of miol6 region anchored by primers Mu20 and af276 was not interrupted by Mu insertion. Further researches will be done to elucidate how the expression of miol6 is alternated by Mu insertion.

Quadratic Finite Volume Element Schemes over Triangular Meshes for a Nonlinear Time-Fractional Rayleigh-Stokes Problem

In this article,we study a 2D nonlinear time-fractional Rayleigh-Stokes problem,which has an anomalous subdiffusion term,on triangular meshes by quadratic finite volume element schemes.Time-fractional derivative,defined by Caputo fractional derivative,is discretized through L2−1σformula,and a two step scheme is used to approximate the time first-order derivative at time tn−α/2,where the nonlinear term is approximated by using a matching linearized difference scheme.A family of quadratic finite volume element schemes with two parameters are proposed for the spatial discretization,where the range of values for two parameters areβ1∈(0,1/2),β2∈(0,2/3).For testing the precision of numerical algorithms,we calculate some numerical examples which have known exact solution or unknown exact solution by several kinds of quadratic finite volume element schemes,and contrast with the results of an existing quadratic finite element scheme by drawing diversified comparison plots and showing the detailed data of L2 error results and convergence orders.Numerical results indicate that,L2 error estimate of one scheme with parameters β_(1)=(3−√3)/6,β2=(6+√3−√21+6√3)/9 is O(h^(3)+△t^(2)),and L^(2) error estimates of other schemes are O(h^(2)+△t^(2)),where h and △t denote the spatial and temporal discretization parameters,respectively.

Assessment of Minor and Trace Elements in Aquatic Macrophytes, Soils and Bottom Sediments Collected along Different Water Objects in the Black Sea Coastal Zone by Using Neutron Activation Analysis

The levels and compartmentalization of Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Hf, Ta, Au, Th, and U in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Carex conescens L. and Cladophora sericea (Hudson) Kutzing from the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea-Anapa recreational region was investigated by Neutron Activation Analysis. The study touches upon subject of the sediment-to-plant and root-to-leaf elemental transfer as well as of the influence of anthropogenic pollution on wetland ecosystems in zone of resort. The content of the majority of considered elements was found higher in the belowground organs of P. australis than in the aboveground tissues while a reverse regularity was evidenced for C. conescens. The levels of elements decrease from bottom sediments to aquatic plants with the notable exception of the halogens Cl, Br and I that presented 5 to 100 fold higher content in plants than in sediments. The increased levels of As, Mo, and Sb in some soil and sediment samples most probably indicate the anthropogenic pollution. It recommends them for a continuous monitoring of the same area.