Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression.This study aimed to explore the antidepressant effect of mature whole Citrus aurantium fruit extract(FEMC)in the chronic unpredictable mild stre...Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression.This study aimed to explore the antidepressant effect of mature whole Citrus aurantium fruit extract(FEMC)in the chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model.The behavioral tests were applied to assess antidepressant effect and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes of gut microbiota.The results showed that the major components of FEMC were naringin and neohesperidin and significantly increased the sucrose preference index of the mice.FEMC also could reduce the feeding latency in an open field test and the rest time in a novelty suppressed feeding test.In addition,FEMC could increase CUMS-induced reduction in the levels of BDNF,PSD95,and SYN in the hippocampus.Moreover,FEMC intervention slightly decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota.Meanwhile,FEMC reduced the abundance of the Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group,[Ruminococcus]_torques_group,which have been reported to be closely related to inflammation.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of FEMC in the CUMS animal model.Finally,the ELISA results showed that FEMC could significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-αin the serum of depressive mice.Our results suggest FEMC can am eliorate depressive behavior by i nhibiting gut microbiota-mediated inflammation in mice.展开更多
This paper reviews our present knowledge of the role of the one-carbon cycle in mood disorder and schizophrenia with particular attention to S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). After an historical introduction the clinical d...This paper reviews our present knowledge of the role of the one-carbon cycle in mood disorder and schizophrenia with particular attention to S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). After an historical introduction the clinical data is first reviewed of the anti-depressant action of SAM, in particular a survey of double blind placebo-controlled trials. Then follows an account of the biochemical parameters of the action of SAM, in particular the role of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (vitamin B9), polyamines, homocysteine, together with epigenetic studies. In schizophrenia the effect of oral l-methionine on worsening the symptoms of some chronic schizophrenics has been known since 1961. Recent epigenetic research covered has addressed the mechanism of this reaction. This includes the role of SAM in modulating DNA methyltransferase-1 mRNA activity, cytosine 5-methylation, spine numbers and the expression of mRNAs encoding for reelin and GAD67 in GABAergic neurons in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. There is also evidence that marker D8S542 located within the methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSRA) gene may be involved in schizophrenia as well as 677C > T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. The possible roles of homocysteine and methionine S-adenosyl transferase kinetics are also discussed.展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacological doses of melatonin (MEL) and L-tryptophan (L-TRP) on depression-like behavior in female rats submitted to the forced swimming test (FST) after 2, 4,...The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacological doses of melatonin (MEL) and L-tryptophan (L-TRP) on depression-like behavior in female rats submitted to the forced swimming test (FST) after 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks of treatment. This will allow exploring the different mechanisms of L-TRP actions particularly that due to its conversion into MEL. For this purpose, four groups of 24 rats each were constituted;(Group 1: Control): received saline solution NaCl (0.9%), (Group 2: MEL4): received 4 mg/Kg of MEL, (Group 3: L-TRP4): received 4 mg/Kg of L-TRP and (Group 4: L-TRP20): received 20 mg/Kg of L-TRP. Animals of each group were distributed on 4 subgroups of 6 rats submitted to different time treatments. The duration of immobility (TIM) and struggling period (TST) of rats in FST were measured after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of drug treatment and the effects of MEL and L-TRP were compared. Chronical administration of different doses of MEL or L-TRP failed to induce any anti-depressant activity in rats subjected to FST after 2 weeks of treatment. However, after 4 weeks, daily administration of MEL at 4 mg/Kg significantly reduced the immobility period and enhanced struggling time. After 6 weeks, MEL at 4 mg/Kg and L-TRP at 20 mg/Kg were both effective in reducing immobility and increasing struggling movement, their effects being statistically comparable. All treatments were able to significantly reduce immobility time and increase struggling duration after 8 weeks, but L-TRP at 4 mg/Kg was less potent than MEL and L-TRP at 20 g/Kg. The antidepressant-like activity of L-TRP was dose and time dependent, and that of MEL was time dependent. In conclusion, the study showed that at pharmacological doses, MEL and L-TRP have anti-depressant action, and such effect is dependent on time treatment;MEL?is more effective than L-TRP. In conclusion, L-TRP, through MEL, 5-HT or by itself could modulate aminergic neurotransmission in the different brain areas to ensure its behavioral effects.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the LE CAT, PROMIS PF CAT, Depression CAT, or Pain CAT can be used as a proxy for the EQ-5D-5L. Background: Patient-reported out-come measures have become...Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the LE CAT, PROMIS PF CAT, Depression CAT, or Pain CAT can be used as a proxy for the EQ-5D-5L. Background: Patient-reported out-come measures have become vital tools for physicians to understand the effectiveness and value of treatment and care. Methods: This study was conducted in 2012 with 116 patients that took the EQ-5D-5L and a number of patient-reported outcome instruments in a university orthopaedic clinic. Regression analyses were conducted to predict EQ-5D-5L index scores from the LE CAT, PROMIS PF CAT, Depression CAT, and Pain CAT. Results: All predictors, separately or combined, significantly predicted the EQ-5D-5L index scores (p < 0.0001). The LE CAT was the best predictor;it alone accounted for 37% of the variability in the EQ-5D-5L. When combining patient-reported outcome measures, the best predicting model was the one consisting of the LE CAT, Depression CAT and Pain CAT;they explained for 43.9% of the variance in EQ-5D-5L. Conclusions: The findings provide encouraging news that the LE CAT, PF CAT, Depression CAT and Pain CAT can be used alone or in combination as a proxy for the EQ-5D-5L. Researchers have the options of using these patient-reported outcome measures for economic evaluations and medical intervention studies.展开更多
Crocus sativus L.,a member of the Iridaceae family,commonly known as saffron has very much popular as both medicine and spice.Earlier saffron was used as one of the important constituents in opioid preparations for pa...Crocus sativus L.,a member of the Iridaceae family,commonly known as saffron has very much popular as both medicine and spice.Earlier saffron was used as one of the important constituents in opioid preparations for pain relief.Its uses in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression are well documented.Depression can affect the quality of life of individuals by causing headaches,difficulty in thinking,and loss of interest.Many clinical trials have been conducted for evaluating the efficacy of saffron in depression cases.Almost fifty constituents of C.sativus L are well known.Few of the major constituents include crocin,picrocrocin,and safranal.In the present review,the main focus is on the antidepressant effects of saffron and its major constituents,in which it was found that saffron has substantial effects on depression and anxiety because of double-blind study the data can be trusted.展开更多
In the letter to the editor, Dr. Comings et al. proposed a potential explanation of our findings that the L allele rather than S allele of 5-HTTLPR was associated with higher anxiety levels and reduced amygdala-prefro...In the letter to the editor, Dr. Comings et al. proposed a potential explanation of our findings that the L allele rather than S allele of 5-HTTLPR was associated with higher anxiety levels and reduced amygdala-prefrontal cortex （PFC） connectivity in Han Chinese[1], which demonstrated an ＇allele reversal＇ in the genetics of the 5-HTTLPR gene in Asians versus Caucasians. The authors alleged that this ＇allele reversal＇ might simply result from maternal age and suggested that we test this on our datasets. Unfortunately,展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100804)the Natural Science Foundation of ChangSha(kq2202334)+1 种基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund project of Hunan Province(2022CX02,2023CX23)Science and Technology Innovation&Entrepreneur Team of Hunan Kanglu Bio-medicine.
文摘Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression.This study aimed to explore the antidepressant effect of mature whole Citrus aurantium fruit extract(FEMC)in the chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model.The behavioral tests were applied to assess antidepressant effect and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes of gut microbiota.The results showed that the major components of FEMC were naringin and neohesperidin and significantly increased the sucrose preference index of the mice.FEMC also could reduce the feeding latency in an open field test and the rest time in a novelty suppressed feeding test.In addition,FEMC could increase CUMS-induced reduction in the levels of BDNF,PSD95,and SYN in the hippocampus.Moreover,FEMC intervention slightly decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota.Meanwhile,FEMC reduced the abundance of the Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group,[Ruminococcus]_torques_group,which have been reported to be closely related to inflammation.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of FEMC in the CUMS animal model.Finally,the ELISA results showed that FEMC could significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-αin the serum of depressive mice.Our results suggest FEMC can am eliorate depressive behavior by i nhibiting gut microbiota-mediated inflammation in mice.
文摘This paper reviews our present knowledge of the role of the one-carbon cycle in mood disorder and schizophrenia with particular attention to S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). After an historical introduction the clinical data is first reviewed of the anti-depressant action of SAM, in particular a survey of double blind placebo-controlled trials. Then follows an account of the biochemical parameters of the action of SAM, in particular the role of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (vitamin B9), polyamines, homocysteine, together with epigenetic studies. In schizophrenia the effect of oral l-methionine on worsening the symptoms of some chronic schizophrenics has been known since 1961. Recent epigenetic research covered has addressed the mechanism of this reaction. This includes the role of SAM in modulating DNA methyltransferase-1 mRNA activity, cytosine 5-methylation, spine numbers and the expression of mRNAs encoding for reelin and GAD67 in GABAergic neurons in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. There is also evidence that marker D8S542 located within the methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSRA) gene may be involved in schizophrenia as well as 677C > T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. The possible roles of homocysteine and methionine S-adenosyl transferase kinetics are also discussed.
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacological doses of melatonin (MEL) and L-tryptophan (L-TRP) on depression-like behavior in female rats submitted to the forced swimming test (FST) after 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks of treatment. This will allow exploring the different mechanisms of L-TRP actions particularly that due to its conversion into MEL. For this purpose, four groups of 24 rats each were constituted;(Group 1: Control): received saline solution NaCl (0.9%), (Group 2: MEL4): received 4 mg/Kg of MEL, (Group 3: L-TRP4): received 4 mg/Kg of L-TRP and (Group 4: L-TRP20): received 20 mg/Kg of L-TRP. Animals of each group were distributed on 4 subgroups of 6 rats submitted to different time treatments. The duration of immobility (TIM) and struggling period (TST) of rats in FST were measured after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of drug treatment and the effects of MEL and L-TRP were compared. Chronical administration of different doses of MEL or L-TRP failed to induce any anti-depressant activity in rats subjected to FST after 2 weeks of treatment. However, after 4 weeks, daily administration of MEL at 4 mg/Kg significantly reduced the immobility period and enhanced struggling time. After 6 weeks, MEL at 4 mg/Kg and L-TRP at 20 mg/Kg were both effective in reducing immobility and increasing struggling movement, their effects being statistically comparable. All treatments were able to significantly reduce immobility time and increase struggling duration after 8 weeks, but L-TRP at 4 mg/Kg was less potent than MEL and L-TRP at 20 g/Kg. The antidepressant-like activity of L-TRP was dose and time dependent, and that of MEL was time dependent. In conclusion, the study showed that at pharmacological doses, MEL and L-TRP have anti-depressant action, and such effect is dependent on time treatment;MEL?is more effective than L-TRP. In conclusion, L-TRP, through MEL, 5-HT or by itself could modulate aminergic neurotransmission in the different brain areas to ensure its behavioral effects.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the LE CAT, PROMIS PF CAT, Depression CAT, or Pain CAT can be used as a proxy for the EQ-5D-5L. Background: Patient-reported out-come measures have become vital tools for physicians to understand the effectiveness and value of treatment and care. Methods: This study was conducted in 2012 with 116 patients that took the EQ-5D-5L and a number of patient-reported outcome instruments in a university orthopaedic clinic. Regression analyses were conducted to predict EQ-5D-5L index scores from the LE CAT, PROMIS PF CAT, Depression CAT, and Pain CAT. Results: All predictors, separately or combined, significantly predicted the EQ-5D-5L index scores (p < 0.0001). The LE CAT was the best predictor;it alone accounted for 37% of the variability in the EQ-5D-5L. When combining patient-reported outcome measures, the best predicting model was the one consisting of the LE CAT, Depression CAT and Pain CAT;they explained for 43.9% of the variance in EQ-5D-5L. Conclusions: The findings provide encouraging news that the LE CAT, PF CAT, Depression CAT and Pain CAT can be used alone or in combination as a proxy for the EQ-5D-5L. Researchers have the options of using these patient-reported outcome measures for economic evaluations and medical intervention studies.
文摘Crocus sativus L.,a member of the Iridaceae family,commonly known as saffron has very much popular as both medicine and spice.Earlier saffron was used as one of the important constituents in opioid preparations for pain relief.Its uses in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression are well documented.Depression can affect the quality of life of individuals by causing headaches,difficulty in thinking,and loss of interest.Many clinical trials have been conducted for evaluating the efficacy of saffron in depression cases.Almost fifty constituents of C.sativus L are well known.Few of the major constituents include crocin,picrocrocin,and safranal.In the present review,the main focus is on the antidepressant effects of saffron and its major constituents,in which it was found that saffron has substantial effects on depression and anxiety because of double-blind study the data can be trusted.
文摘In the letter to the editor, Dr. Comings et al. proposed a potential explanation of our findings that the L allele rather than S allele of 5-HTTLPR was associated with higher anxiety levels and reduced amygdala-prefrontal cortex （PFC） connectivity in Han Chinese[1], which demonstrated an ＇allele reversal＇ in the genetics of the 5-HTTLPR gene in Asians versus Caucasians. The authors alleged that this ＇allele reversal＇ might simply result from maternal age and suggested that we test this on our datasets. Unfortunately,
