Improve Labor Contract System, Safeguard Lawful Rights and Interests of Laborers——An interview with Prof. Guan Huai of Law School of Renmin University of China

EDITOR＇S NOTE： The Draft Labor Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China has been completed and was published for soliciting comments on March 20. In a short period of one month, 191,849 pieces of comments and opinions were received. Prior to the promulgation of the law, this reporter interviewed Mr. Guan Huai, a noted Chinese expert in labor law, professor of the Law School of the Renmin University of China and law advisor to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Forum Held on Women's Labor Rights

An academic forum was held on March 22, 2005 on women’s labor rights and interests. Participating were some 30 experts from China Society for Human Rights Studies, All-China Women’s Federation, All-China Federation of Trade Unions, as well as Renmin University of China and other prestigious institutions of higher learning. Jointly sponsored by the Labor and Social Security Branch of Beijing Law Society (BLS) and Chinese Women’s College (CWC), the forum reviewed the

China-US High-Tech Competition,Trade Conflict and Development Rights

The power and interest of industrial manufacturers are determined by their status in the relations of production.At the international level,countries see their economic and political status rise only when they climb the ladder in the international division of labor.As the primary production forces,science and technology are the main drivers behind such change.As new technologies give rise to new industries and restructure the international division of labor,developed countries strive to enhance the protection of their intellectual property rights(IPR)and safeguard their monopoly over core technologies.For developed countries,technological prowess holds the key to their supremacy in the global supply chain and international relations.The 19 th CPC National Congress makes clear the overarching goal in the new era is to rejuvenate the Chinese nation and turn China into a strong modern country.As an important material condition for achieving this goal,China must transition from being medium-and low-end links in the international division of labor to becoming high-end links.In this process,China will encounter backlash from developed countries that lead in the international division of labor.The recent China-US tussle over trade in high-tech goods is a case in point,and should be viewed through the lens of the relations of production and the international division of labor.The insights thus achieved will be of great significance to China’s future development.

Experts on Protection of Workers' Right to Remuneration in Accordance With Labor Law

Adozen experts of law gathered on April 1, 2003 to share their views on protection of the workers’ right to remuneration for their work in accordance with the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China. That took place at a seminar jointly sponsored by the Human Rights and the Beijing-based Democracy and Law magazines and the Branch of Labor and Social Security Laws of the Beijing Society of Law. Participants were from the All-China Federation of Trade Unions,

Chinese Citizens' Right To Work and Social Security Effectively Protected——An interview with Zheng Silin, minister of labor and social security

Following is an interview by staff reporters of the Human Rights magazine with Zheng Silin, Chinese minister of labor and social security. The interview was meant in part to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the implementation of the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China that falls on January 1,2005. We are publishing this transcript with a view to providing our readers with information about how China has worked persistently to protect citizens' right to work and social security and the achievements it has made in this regard. We need to remind our readers of the fact that back in March 2004, the National People's Congress, China's highest legislature, approved a recommendation for revision of China's Constitution. In accordance with the recommendation, the Constitution had one more clause added: The state shall establish and improve a social security system commensurate to the level of the economic and social development.

How China Protects People's Right to Labor——An interview with Labor and Social Security Minister Tian Chengping

Following is an interview given to our staff reporter by Chinese Minister Tian Chengping of Labor and Social Security on protection of the people＇s right to labor, which is an important part of the national endeavor to protect human rights. The minister spoke on a range of questions, including employment and reemployment of workers in Chinese cities, wages of migrant workers from the countryside, efforts to narrow the gap of income between different population groups, and protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the working masses.

新业态从业者劳动权益保障的困境与出路

新业态从业者不同于传统劳动者,其在所处行业、组织方式、用工方式、计酬方式等方面表现出“新”的独特性的同时,该类人员劳动权益无法得到有效保障的现状也对传统劳动关系理论提出了新的挑战。通过对新业态从业者劳动权益保护现状进行研究,从现行保险制度、传统劳动关系的认定标准、诉讼与仲裁的衔接、劳动者维权力量等方面分析保障不足的内在原因,进而从加强保险制度的建设、更新劳动关系认定标准、增强维权力量、协同治理等方面提出完善劳动者权益保障的建议,以规范新型用工关系,促进劳动力市场有序发展,推动数字经济时代和谐劳动关系的构建。

国内外新就业形态劳动者权益保障研究脉络与热点追踪--基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析

党的二十大报告强调,“要加强灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障”。围绕这一主题,借助CiteSpace等文献分析工具,聚焦发文量、文献被引频次、期刊影响因子、核心作者群、关键词聚类等指标,对近年来国内外关于新就业形态劳动者权益保障的主题文献进行计量分析,系统梳理其研究脉络,得出了如下结论和研究展望:近十年来,国内外对新就业形态劳动者权益保障的研究逐步深入,但文献总量较少,核心作者群相对分散,业内学术影响力不高,未来研究方向将集中在新就业形态劳动者新型雇佣关系认定和劳动权益保障两个方面,并致力于在工会职能创新、立法创新、社会保险政策实践创新3个方面作出实质性突破。

财产权的张力:洛克与马克思

洛克作为近代政治哲学财产权思想的开创者,在《政府论》中从自然权利论说出发,提出“劳动创造价值”的劳动所有权思想。马克思继承了洛克劳动所有权思想的核心,在劳动价值论的基础上发现剩余价值,揭露资本家对劳动者剩余价值的无偿占有,开启了财产权的资本逻辑批判。在《资本论》中,马克思发现资本主义财产权是以劳动所有权为外在形式,背后隐匿着否定自我所有的资本所有权,揭示了财产权的现代分离。马克思将洛克的劳动所有权发展为劳动力所有权,在重建个人所有制中实现人的自我所有,完成了对财产权的正义建构。

劳动关系微分化视角下网约工劳动权益的法律保障

在算法技术与平台经济相得益彰共同推进数字经济向纵深方向发展的过程中,劳动关系日益呈现出微分化的演化趋势,使得以网约工为代表的新业态从业人员陷入了“身份不明确”的主体性危机与“权益保障难”的双重困境,不仅对传统的劳动从属基础性理论提出了新的挑战,而且也日益凸显现行法律制度供给不足的现状。基于网约工群体经济从属性、人格从属性与组织从属性微分化趋势之系统理论分析,科学审视与证成微分化视阈下具有劳动从属性的网约工“第三类劳动者”之身份,并将“内在经济与人格从属程度的差距均以外在劳动量的差别为表现形式”这一从属性微分化之核心作为识别与判定标准,对具有不同强度从属性的“第三类劳动者”给予不同程度的劳动法倾斜保护,希冀能平衡平台经济有序发展与网约工劳动权益合法保障之间的关系,为健全和完善我国劳动法律制度体系提供符合数字经济内在运行规律的科学立法选择。

数字经济背景下反垄断法的时代使命

数字经济领域日益严峻的垄断问题引发了全球范围内的反垄断热潮,理解数字经济背景下反垄断法的时代使命,有助于我们更好地把握反垄断执法的方向和力度。首先,反垄断法肩负着维护经济民主的使命,它贯穿于经济运行的各个环节,在当下中国集中体现为实现共同富裕的伟大目标。其次,反垄断法肩负着维护政治民主的使命,数字平台通过各种方式获得了广泛的政治权力,而技术性反垄断忽视了反垄断法的政治性基因。再次,反垄断法肩负着促进知识共享的文化使命,“知识垄断型资本主义”严重阻碍了知识传播,要重视知识产权领域的反垄断。最后,反垄断法还肩负着维护劳动力市场自由竞争、保障劳动幸福的社会使命,长期忽视劳动力市场反垄断会导致劳动者不断被剥削,我们需要在既有的消费者福利标准外为反垄断法注入劳动者福利标准。

强国建设两阶段农业劳动生产率目标预测与提升路径

提高农业劳动生产率是建设社会主义现代化强国和农业强国的关键任务。农业劳动生产率的增长来源于农业劳动力劳均经营土地面积的增加、土地产出率的提高与单位农产品价值的提升。改革开放以来,中国农业劳动生产率大幅提高,其中土地单产上升的贡献率持续下降,而劳均经营土地面积增加的贡献率不断上升。2010—2020年,中国农业劳动生产率的增长中19.9%来自土地单产上升,67.8%来自劳均经营土地面积增加。综合考虑按总增长率、按构成项的增长率和按与农业发达国家的相对水平进行预测,中国农业劳均增加值在2035年将超过19000美元(2015年不变价格),在2050年将超过50000美元,达到农业发达国家水平。未来较长一段时间,中国农业劳动生产率的增长将主要来自劳均经营土地面积的增加,在此过程中,要促进新型农业经营主体培育,促进劳动节约型技术进步,促进农地经营权流转并保障经营权稳定,促进以增值增效为导向的农业结构优化调整。

劳动权益保障、政府信任与高龄农民工的城市融合

基于调研数据,本文考察了劳动权益保障对高龄农民工城市融合的影响机制。实证结果显示,工资拖欠、工伤纠纷、劳动合同纠纷等劳动权益受损事件均会显著影响高龄农民工城市融合程度。对劳动权益纠纷解决过程的进一步考察发现:第一,劳动权益受损事件发生后,当高龄农民工对维权过程解决较为满意时,其城市融合程度显著高于没有发生过劳动权益纠纷者;第二,政府部门主导解决劳动权益纠纷对高龄农民工城市融合具有一定的“放大效应”。当高龄农民工对维权解决过程满意时,解决过程中的政府干预会显著提高其城市融合程度;当其对维权解决过程不满意时,解决过程中的政府干预反而使其城市融合程度下降的幅度更大。因此,本文认为应健全源头预防,杜绝劳动权益纠纷事件发生;建立农民工劳动权益保护协调机制;强化政府责任意识,属地监管、多部门协同,发挥政府在高龄农民工劳动权益保障工作中的积极作用。

家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障对其主观幸福感的影响:社会公平感的中介作用

家庭农场发展过程中,非家庭成员的农业雇工成为该新型经营组织的重要劳动力。基于雅安市3区(县)12村109名家庭农场农业雇工实地调研数据,探究家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障及其对主观幸福感的影响。研究结果表明,家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障平均水平整体偏高,但存在性别和年龄差异。家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障正向预测其主观幸福感。社会公平感在家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益保障和主观幸福感之间的中介作用显著。在此基础上,提出立法、普法、劳动行政监督、加强内部管理四方面建议,以保障家庭农场农业雇工劳动权益,进而提升其主观幸福感。

新时代高校劳动法治教育新探索

无论从保护、关爱高校毕业生,关注学生就业实际出发;还是从提升大学生法治素养达成高校法治育人目标;抑或是为了建立稳定的劳动关系、促进和谐社会的发展、建立社会主义法治国家,高校劳动法治教育都不可或缺。高校应为学生搭建一个比较完整的劳动法治教育体系,依托劳动教育课程向大学生普及劳动法相关内容;同时多层次、多形式地开展劳动法治活动,进而帮助大学生形成劳动权利意识、证据意识以及维权意识,不断提升劳动法治素养。

国有股东能促进参股民营企业人力资本结构升级吗?

以我国沪深A股2011—2021年民营上市公司为对象,考察了国有股东对参股民营企业人力资本结构的影响及机制。研究发现:国有股东能够促进参股民营企业人力资本结构升级;机制与路径分析表明,提升社会地位、加强员工权益保护、增强研发意愿是国有股东改善参股企业人力资本结构的作用机制;国有股东通过挤出低学历及生产人员而优化参股民营企业的人力资本结构;这一影响具有异质性,低政府干预、要素市场发育程度能够正向调节国有参股股东的人力资本效应;经济后果检验发现,国有股东对人力资本结构的积极影响不仅在经营业绩上“做大蛋糕”,而且在要素收入分配中“分好蛋糕”而提升劳动收入份额。研究结论既丰富了混合所有制改革与人力资本升级方面的文献,又为民营企业利用国有资本优化人力资源配置提供借鉴。

平台数字劳动的伦理困境、根源及其纾解

数字劳动是数字信息技术催生的新型劳动形态,成为与传统劳动共在的劳动范式。在数字劳动治理中,平台数字劳动是重点之一。平台数字劳动作为资本与技术相互融合的产物,由于受到资本逐利本性的驱动以及监管体系的相对滞后,在带来满足和愉悦的表象背后,消解了平台数字劳动者的主体性,隐含着资本对劳动自由、劳动公平等劳动伦理的侵蚀。为了有效纾解数字劳动的伦理困境,需要制定出科学的数字时代劳动法规,加强对平台算法自身的伦理构建,深化对算法平台的伦理审查和监管,提升平台数字劳动者的算法素养,进而最大化维护平台数字劳动者的合法权益。

数字经济下网络主播的劳动权益保护

数字经济下,网络主播从业人员的规模不断扩大,有关劳动关系认定的纠纷也在同步增加,这对网络主播的劳动权益保护提出了更高的要求。研究发现,贸然引进“类雇员”制度并不符合我国实际,为网络主播单独立法也会对现有的法律体系和法律的稳定性造成冲击。应当对传统的劳动关系从属性标准予以调整和解释,使其与新业态用工环境相协调,进而能够适用于网络主播等新业态从业人员的劳动关系认定。即使不能认定劳动关系,对网络主播的劳动权益保护也需要从违约金、竞业限制补偿金和休息制度等方面进行完善。

尊重劳动者与保护投资者

尊重劳动者,提高企业劳动收入份额,是实现社会主义共同富裕的本质要求,它对保护投资者是否同样有利,关系到这项要求能否得到自觉持续响应。以2013年至2022年我国沪深A股上市公司为样本进行研究,发现企业尊重劳动者也有利于保护投资者,当企业所处地区教育发展水平和企业数字化发展水平较高时,这种效应更显著。经过一系列稳健性检验,结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,提高创新投入和缓解投资不足发挥部分中介作用,尊重劳动者与保护投资者的正向关系在国有企业、劳动密集型企业中更显著。研究结论为企业自觉响应国家号召,提高劳动收入份额、保护投资者权益、实现共同富裕提供了有益启示。