An Analysis of Labor Resources “One River and Two Tributaries” Region in Tibet, China

Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and5th population censuses,the article has analyzed change patterns of this region' s labor force. Major findings from thestudy are summarized as follows; (1) Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor forcepopulation in 2000 has increased significantly. (2) Children dependency coefficient has dropped,while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0. 047% only.(3) Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 yearsold have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the nationalaverage. (4) Women' s illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generallyquite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.

China's Labor and Social Security Protection under the Globle Financial Crisis

Against the background of economic globalization, the economy of many countries has been inevitably affected by the globle financial crisis. But the impact varies. China, as one of the leading countries in globalization, the direct or indirect impact it suffered can be imagined. The Chinese government adopted a series of measures to deal with the financial crisis.

Marx’s Alienated Labor Theory

“Alienated labor”came from Marx’s Manuscript of Philosophy and Economics in 1844.This theory was formed on the basis of Marx’s critical inheritance of predecessors’thoughts on alienation and the reality under the capitalist system.It is of great significance to understand the final formation of Marx’s historical materialism.

Differing Effects of Intra-Product International Division of Labor on Technological Progress:Comparing Proactive Participation with Passive Inclusion

This paper has identified two models of intra-product international division of labor:the model of passive inclusion and the model of proactive participation.Their difference is essentially whether participation in international division of labor is dominated by multinational firms or by local firms.At the level of representative sectors,some characteristic variables of participation in international division of labor demonstrate significant industry differences.Models of division of labor affect technology progress.According to the empirical analysis result at the micro-level of four sectors,no matter for export or the contribution of learning by doing to corporate technology progress,the model of proactive participation is superior to the model of passive inclusion;under the model of passive inclusion,the technology spillover effect of import is smaller than "learning by doing " effect;under the model of proactive participation,technology spillover effect is over two times the "learning by doing" effect.

Implementation Regulations for China's Labor Contract Law

1.Introduction On January 1,2008,the Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China(LCL)became effective,resulting in wide- spread changes in labor policy for all companies and other af- fected organizations.As is the case with legislating in China, many details were left for resolution in implementing regulations,

Can Labor Make Women Happier?The Relationship Between Labor Time,Cross-generational Care and Women’s Subjective Well-being——A Research Based on CFPS (2016)

Marxism women-theory advocates women to achieve gender equality and liberation through employment.But due to the influence of culture,if the promotion of female employment,women may face the dual pressure of housework and work,that is,the promotion of female employment may deviate from the ruling effect of people’s happiness.This study aims to explore the relationship between labor time,cross-generational care and women’s subjective well-being by using the data of CFPS(2016).Findings are as follow.Firstly,the time spent on housework differs between men and women,and the burden of housework still falls on women.Secondly,women’s employment reduces women’s subjective well-being to a certain extent,but this effect turns into a positive one under the moderating effect of cross-generational care.China’s family culture weakens the negative impact of the increase in working hours of women to a certain extent.

Measuring Labor＇s Share of Income in China： 1993-2008

Accurately measuring labor＇s share of income is of great importance for China ＇S national policies, particularly its labor compensation policies during the 12th Five Year Plan period. This paper first analyses the measurement problems of labor＇s share of income from the perspectives of definition and data and their influences on the accuracy of the measurement results. Then it sums up and appraises several adjustment methods for existing measurement problems. Finally, the author estimates the operating surplus of private, unincorporated enterprises （OSPUE） in China using data from Urban household survey （UHS）, Rural household survey （RHS） and population survey, and further makes a correction to labor＇s share of income in China from 1993 to 2008 with data from flow of funds accounts. Finally, the author conducted trend analysis and international comparisons using the results obtained from the first part of the paper.

How China Protects People's Right to Labor——An interview with Labor and Social Security Minister Tian Chengping

Following is an interview given to our staff reporter by Chinese Minister Tian Chengping of Labor and Social Security on protection of the people＇s right to labor, which is an important part of the national endeavor to protect human rights. The minister spoke on a range of questions, including employment and reemployment of workers in Chinese cities, wages of migrant workers from the countryside, efforts to narrow the gap of income between different population groups, and protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the working masses.

Forum Held on Women's Labor Rights

An academic forum was held on March 22, 2005 on women’s labor rights and interests. Participating were some 30 experts from China Society for Human Rights Studies, All-China Women’s Federation, All-China Federation of Trade Unions, as well as Renmin University of China and other prestigious institutions of higher learning. Jointly sponsored by the Labor and Social Security Branch of Beijing Law Society (BLS) and Chinese Women’s College (CWC), the forum reviewed the

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

基于ANP/D-S/TOPSIS的劳动密集型企业内迁选址决策方法

针对劳动密集型企业内迁选址问题,综合应用网络层次分析法(ANP)、证据理论(D-STheory)以及理想点法(TOPSIS)来进行厂址的选择决策。其中ANP主要刻画厂址评价指标之间的复杂关系及权重计算,D-STheory用于处理不完全信息条件下多个评价者对不同候选厂址的不同评价方案的信息融合,而理想点法(TOPSIS)则结合D-STheory用于最终候选厂址的排序。研究结果表明,基于ANP/D-S/TOPSIS的劳动密集型企业内迁选址决策方法不仅在理论上有所集成创新,而且在实际应用中可以有效解决劳动密集型企业内迁选址的诸多问题。

企业社会责任与SA8000标准体系

企业社会责任应是企业在谋求股东利润最大化之外所负有的维护和增进社会利益的义务,是对股东利益最大化这一传统原则的修正和补充;SA8000是规范企业劳工社会责任标准的一种崭新的尝试,它比“企业的人性化”确立更为前进了一步,起到了量化的作用。从企业社会责任和SA8000两方面进行了细致的分析,意在我国企业劳工社会责任的规范化运作机制找到一条相应的途径。

China-US High-Tech Competition,Trade Conflict and Development Rights

The power and interest of industrial manufacturers are determined by their status in the relations of production.At the international level,countries see their economic and political status rise only when they climb the ladder in the international division of labor.As the primary production forces,science and technology are the main drivers behind such change.As new technologies give rise to new industries and restructure the international division of labor,developed countries strive to enhance the protection of their intellectual property rights(IPR)and safeguard their monopoly over core technologies.For developed countries,technological prowess holds the key to their supremacy in the global supply chain and international relations.The 19 th CPC National Congress makes clear the overarching goal in the new era is to rejuvenate the Chinese nation and turn China into a strong modern country.As an important material condition for achieving this goal,China must transition from being medium-and low-end links in the international division of labor to becoming high-end links.In this process,China will encounter backlash from developed countries that lead in the international division of labor.The recent China-US tussle over trade in high-tech goods is a case in point,and should be viewed through the lens of the relations of production and the international division of labor.The insights thus achieved will be of great significance to China’s future development.

谈外资项目中的进度管理S曲线生成

结合承接的外资项目工程经验,从概念、人工时和S曲线的生成等方面入手,对项目实施阶段的四级进度计划进行了阐述说明,指出采用S进度曲线比较法,可直观的比对并判断实际进度与计划进度的差值,进而了解项目的整体运行情况。

Foley′s尿管与米索前列醇对足月妊娠引产促宫颈成熟效果比较

目的比较Foley′s尿管与米索前列醇用于足月妊娠引产的有效性及安全性。方法选取医院2015年1月-2016年12月收治的需要引产的孕妇200例,根据引产方式不同分为观察组和对照组各100例。观察组使用Foley′s尿管引产,对照组使用米索前列醇。对比2组促宫颈成熟效果、分娩方式、诱发临产时间、第一产程时间及产后出血量。结果观察组促宫颈成熟总有效率93.00%高于对照组的78.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组处理均能促进阴道分娩,观察组经阴道分娩率为78.00%高于对照组的61.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组诱发临产的时间、第一产程时间及产后出血量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Foley′s尿管对足月妊娠引产经济、安全、有效,可降低剖宫产率,适用于基层医院。

中国城镇劳动力市场是否存在倒S供给曲线

基于2013年中国家庭收入调查项目(CHIP)的数据,应用微观经济计量方法估计了城镇居民在Hedonic模型下的工作收入方程模型以及个体工作时间方程模型。研究表明人力资源的优势是在劳动力供给中不可忽视的一部分,个体劳动供给行为在低收入群体和中高收入群体间是显著不同的,低收入群体的工作时间明显高于中高收入群体,并且低收入群体的工作时间对于工资的敏感程度更高。但是我国目前仍然处于"倒C型"曲线的下半段,没有证据证明"倒S型"劳动供给曲线在2013年中国城镇劳动力市场存在。

China catches up with the U.S. as the world's largest manufacturer

This paper compares the internal structures of the manufacturing industries in China and the U.S. from 1998 to 2005 and leads to three major discoveries: First, the gaps between China and the U.S.'s manufacturing capacity have been narrowing at a high speed in the last seven years, during which the share of added value of China's manufacturing industry to that of the U.S. increased from 13% to 52%, and then reached 76% in 2007. Second, the labor force employed in China's manufacturing industry increased by 50%, of which the increase in capital and technology-intensive production sectors exceeded that in labor-intensive sectors. Meanwhile, the labor force employed in the U.S. manufacturing industry decreased. Third, labor productivity in China's manufacturing industry increased by 2.78 times, and profits increased by 2.21 times, much higher than the U.S. growth rates of 18.2% and 49.5%. Obviously, the narrowing gaps between China and the U.S.'s production capacities mean China's industrial progress and the hierarchy of world industrial powers will be rearranged.

The Impact of Employees＇ National/Regional Culture on the Adaptation to Organizational Culture

In respect of all forms of enterprises, whether it is a private or public institution, labor cohesion and productivity is one of the most emphasized issues. Culture, on the other hand, can be characterized as one of the inextricable and hardly ever alterable features of human kind. Whether the profession cohesion and accordingly productivity of those employed within a culture discrepant from their culture of origin both due to the effect of globalization and domestic conditions are culturally affected is a question of importance, which must be answered with regard to state, institution, and employee. The occupational obligation to work in various regions, encountered in public employees at a national scale, particularly in the fields of education and health, and identified with legislative regulations, has become a reason of preference due to economic justifications for private sector employees. Hofstede （1990）, who divides culture, in general, into two, national and organizational, has presented five parameters for the elucidation of cultures. These are ＂power distance＂, ＂individualism vs. collectivism＂, ＂masculinity vs. femininity＂, ＂uncertainty avoidance＂, and ＂long and short term orientation＂. By means of power distance, the conception by an organization or social structure of power distribution of its members is queried. In other words, the difficulty or simplicity in people establishing communication with more influential individuals of the society is evaluated. Individualism vs. collectivism is with regard to whether individuals consider themselves as a distinct individual or a member of a group. Masculinity vs. femininity is the parameter, explanatory of the mentality, rather than a form of gender discrimination. Masculine cultures attach more importance to competition, force, and achievement whereas feminine societies place emphasis on emotions and life quality. Uncertainty avoidance is associated with the attitude of societies towards uncertainties. While some may not pay attention to uncertainties, for others, situations without clear boundaries may be registered as a threat. Long and short term orientation is related to long or short term planned by＇ people and accordingly bearing expectations and in other respects, displays the past, present, and future oriented thinking tendency. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to identify the positive or negative impact of the culture of origin of university staff, to be designated in Istanbul/Turkey, on the organizational culture. By means of the results of the aforementioned study, the comparison of cohesion is in terms of ability to communicate and accordingly productivity, within the frame of Hofstede＇s cultural dimensions, between those employed within their culture （of origin） and those employed in different cultures. In pursuant of the results obtained from this study, an opinion can be formed for the regulations to be issued on the matter on national scale. At institutional scale, contributions can be made in the assessment of employee productivity from the aforesaid perspective and in terms of the employee, awareness can be raised on the impact of working within the body of different cultures.

How U.S. Antidumping Actions Affect China＇s Inward and Outward FDI

This paper presents an empirical study of how U.S. antidumping （AD） actions against China affect China ＇s inward and outward foreign direct investment （FDI） based on the international division of labor model. Our findings are as follows： （1） The U.S.-China trade deficit has been widened by both downstream firms in China established through vertical FDI and also inward enterprises established through horizontal FDI. The widening deficit in turn exacerbates vitriolic complaints in the U.S. about injury to its industries. This will lead to further U.S. AD actions discouraging FDI in China. （2） U.S. AD cases against China have negatively impacted China＇s metal manufacturing, chemical and, especially, textile industries in terms of exports and inward FDI. From 2004 to 2009, the share of total inward FDI going to China＇s manufacturing sector has dropped drastically by almost 20 percent. This supports predictions made using the international division of labor model. （3） With U.S. AD actions against Chinese products on the rise, Chinese firms chose not to circumvent such barriers through outward FDI in the U.S. but rather through outward FDI in tax havens. Such a pattern of outward FDI is not helpful for China to establish its own successful industrial development model.