Migrant Workers' Lack of Cultural Rights and Interests and Government Safeguard Measures

This paper analyses the status quo of migrant workers' lack of cultural rights and interests as follows:the holistic cultural life of migrant workers is scant and monotonous;the cultural facilities provided by the majority of enterprises are critically short;the cultural life of migrant workers has the characteristic of closeness to some extent;the holistic cultural consuming capacity of migrant workers is very low,and they are not satisfied with their own cultural life.This paper puts forward the measures that the government should adopt to make up for the lack of migrant workers' cultural rights and interests as follows:first,it should eliminate discrimination in terms of system,and incorporate migrant workers' cultural rights and interests into the building scope of urban public culture;second,it should establish a variety of free public culture facilities,to adapt to the needs of migrant workers;third,it should formulate various kinds of laws and regulations,to effectively safeguard migrant workers' cultural rights and interests.

Chinese Trade Unions Strive to Protect Workers' Rights and Interests in Dealing with the Global Financial Crisis

Protecting the rights and interests of workers and staff members constitutes an important aspect of China＇s human rights protection. At the time when the country is dealing with impacts of the global financial crisis, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions has been working fruitfully and effectively to accelerate economic and social development and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, therefore making contributions to the protection of the rights and interests of Chinese workers. Now I would like to make a brief introduction on this subject.

Zhejiang Keen to Protect Migrant Workers' Rights and Interests

EDITOR＇S NOTE： FoUowing are some of the stories about how migrant workers＇ rights and interests are protected in Zhejiang, one of the best developed province on the Chinese mainland. Through interviews with more than 100 migrant workers in the province, we found that migrant workers there enjoy equal treatment as their counterparts registered as urban residents, and that their rights and interests are effectively protected.

Safeguarding Farmer Workers' Rights and Interests——An interview with Ye Jingyi, professor of Beijing University Law School

Farmer workers are a new powerful workforce that has sprung up amid China＇s reform and door opening and in the process of the country＇s industrialization and urbanization. They have made great contributions to urban prosperity, rural development and their country＇s modernization. At present, however, farmer workers face numerous difficulties and problems in income, work safety, social security, vocational training, the schooling of their children and living conditions. To safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmer workers, the State Council in March 2006 issued Ideas of the State Council on Solving Farmer Workers-related Problems. In the document, the State Council promises to strengthen and improve leadership over work regarding farmer workers and prioritize the solving of farmer workers-related problems.

Revision of Trade Union Law: For Better Protection of Workers' Rights and Interests

On October 27, 2001, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted a decision on revision of the People's Republic of China Trade Union Law. Guan Huai, legal advisor to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, had the following to say in an interview with the Human Rights:

Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers 2004 (Excerpt)

During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate rights and interests of workers.

Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers (2005)(Excerpt)

EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which consist of 11 parts： preserve the correct orientation of Chinese trade unions as a protector of workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; protect workers＇ right to join and form trade union; organize and represent workers to exercise the right to equal consultation; protect workers＇ labor and economic rights; guarantee workers＇ democratic and political rights; fulfill workers＇ spiritual and cultural needs; actively participate in adjusting labor relations and handling labor disputes; protect migrant workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; promote gender equality and protect women workers＇ special rights and interests; take innovations in the way trade unions protect workers; and mobilize and organize workers to play the role of the working class as the main force in economic construction, and the following is an abstracted edition of it.

劳动关系微分化视角下网约工劳动权益的法律保障

在算法技术与平台经济相得益彰共同推进数字经济向纵深方向发展的过程中,劳动关系日益呈现出微分化的演化趋势,使得以网约工为代表的新业态从业人员陷入了“身份不明确”的主体性危机与“权益保障难”的双重困境,不仅对传统的劳动从属基础性理论提出了新的挑战,而且也日益凸显现行法律制度供给不足的现状。基于网约工群体经济从属性、人格从属性与组织从属性微分化趋势之系统理论分析,科学审视与证成微分化视阈下具有劳动从属性的网约工“第三类劳动者”之身份,并将“内在经济与人格从属程度的差距均以外在劳动量的差别为表现形式”这一从属性微分化之核心作为识别与判定标准,对具有不同强度从属性的“第三类劳动者”给予不同程度的劳动法倾斜保护,希冀能平衡平台经济有序发展与网约工劳动权益合法保障之间的关系,为健全和完善我国劳动法律制度体系提供符合数字经济内在运行规律的科学立法选择。

超龄劳动者劳动权益保护法律适用研究

超龄劳动者劳动权益保护纠纷是劳动人事争议中的重要案件类型,妥善解决与否直接关系到积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的落实。审判实践中,存在超龄劳动者用工关系性质认定不一、工伤认定难、缴纳社会保险难等问题。面对实践中的疑难问题,超龄劳动者劳动权益保护纠纷裁判规则可作出如下调整:首先,此类劳动者在劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、工伤保险待遇等方面适用劳动基准。其次,《劳动合同法》第44条规定的“开始依法享受基本养老保险待遇”仅指职工基本养老保险待遇。最后,用人单位在劳动者享受基本养老保险待遇、达到退休年龄的情况下终止劳动合同,不承担支付赔偿金的责任,应否支付经济补偿可视其是否存在《劳动合同法》第38条规定情形进行类型化的分析和裁量。

优化生育背景下江苏省女职工职业发展和权益保障状况调查与分析

通过针对江苏省女职工生产生活的新变化、新特点,特别是职业发展和权益保障中遇到的新情况、新问题进行调研分析,发现目前女职工职业发展状况、劳动、就业等方面中还存在一些问题。对此,我们可以通过全面提升女职工综合素质,造就适应新时代发展要求的女职工队伍;加大维权力度,进一步保障女职工合法权益和特殊利益不受侵害;推进家庭友好型工作场所建设,帮助女职工平衡工作与家庭等建议与对策,从而推动女职工在国家优化生育政策下的择业、就业、职业发展和劳动保障等各个方面得到公平对待。

灵活就业人员劳动权益保障的困境及对策研究

伴随着我国经济产业结构的优化升级,人力资源市场催生了灵活就业这种新颖的就业方式,它具有工作方便、灵活且门槛较低等优势。灵活就业拓宽了求职方式,但灵活就业人员劳动权益受到侵犯的现象也随之增加:包括劳动报酬权和平等就业权的无法保障等。然而,目前我国在灵活就业人员劳动权益保障的法律上还有待完善,实践中灵活就业人员一旦遭受劳动权益损害,往往无法顺利通过现有法律途径寻求救济。为此,从灵活就业相关理论概述入手,分析当前灵活就业人员劳动权益受损的现状和原因后,针对灵活就业人员劳动权益保障提出相应建议。

国内沿海船舶履行《2006年海事劳工公约》问题对策研究

通过对国内沿海船舶履行《2006年海事劳工公约》情况的调查研究,分析国内沿海航行船舶海事劳工条件现状和存在的问题,提出优化调整的建议,以期更好保护海员的合法权益,让海员获得体面工作和生活的权利,助力航运安全、和谐、可持续发展。

雇主算法权力:法理构造、内涵特征与规制路径

雇主算法权力是指具有雇主全部或部分权力的主体,在劳动过程中依靠算法劳动规则对劳动者权益产生影响的能力。雇主算法权力作为一种复合权力,其所指向的算法劳动规则的隐蔽性、分散性和动态性特征,决定了雇主算法权力在适用对象、权力内容和适用方式层面区别于传统的劳动管理权与规章制度,进而对劳动关系平衡带来特殊的影响。其中,劳动的技术异化与劳动者“去人格化”是核心影响。为此,必须从保护劳动者人格尊严原则出发,强化集体劳动权对雇主算法权力的制衡功能,对算法劳动规则“去伪存真”,从而建立起以算法备案、算法审计、算法监督为核心的算法劳动规则纠偏机制。

新就业形态劳动者纳入职工医疗保险的现实困境与质量提升路径

平台和共享经济等新就业形态逐渐成为社会不可分割的一部分,这使得劳动力市场出现大变革,并催生出大量的新就业形态劳动者,这部分人群工作强度高、流动性强,面临严峻的医疗风险和职业伤害风险。将新就业形态劳动者纳入职工医疗保险是消解其医疗风险、保障其健康权益的有效途径。党的二十大报告指出要加强灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障,尤其需要保障新就业形态劳动者的健康权益,医疗保险是保障其健康权益的基础性制度安排。基于社会质量理论,对新就业形态劳动者医疗保险的政策发展历程进行了梳理,对存在的现实困境进行了深入分析,建立了新就业形态劳动者纳入职工医保的机制框架,最后从厘清用工关系、完善筹资和待遇给付标准、优化激励机制、健全监管体系和完善配套措施五个方面着手,探究新就业形态劳动者纳入职工医疗保险的质量提升路径。

政府参与视角下的平台零工权益保障策略研究——以合作用工模式为例

平台零工权益保障事关共同富裕大计,是政府治理平台经济的重要内容。“强监管”政策下,以合作用工模式为例,借助动态博弈模型对比三种政府参与模式(包容式平台自治、审慎式直接治理与合作式协同共治)对平台及其合作商保障零工权益行为的影响。研究发现:政府包容式平台自治模式往往导致平台监管动力不足,需要引入政府审慎式直接治理,但存在一个零工权益责任标准的最高阈值,该值取决于劳动市场供给、网络订单收益率、平台规模等;在阈值内,政府可以引入连带问责机制提高平台自治的积极性,此时政府合作式协同治理模式成为最有效的保障策略。一方面尝试回答现阶段平台治理中政府角色转型争议,另一方面也为政府规制模式的选择提供参考。

数字经济背景下对中国新就业形态的现状分析及发展建议

新就业形态作为在数字经济背景下衍生出的一种新经济业态,凭借其智能性、灵活性在经济体系中飞速发展。在数字经济推动下的新就业岗位促进了劳动者素质水平改善、就业资源配置效率提高、男女就业不平等性降低,但同样也造成了对传统产业的冲击、劳动力结构不平衡、新就业者劳动权益保障不足等问题。因此,国家应该持续完善新就业形态相关法律和监管机制,努力提高全体劳动者数字化素质,协助传统产业进行数字化升级。

国际劳工组织首届亚洲劳工大会在中国的酝酿及其流产

第一次世界大战结束后成立的国际劳工组织为保护劳工权益而生,最初将工作重心放在欧洲,对其他区域关注不足。在亚洲代表的倡议下,召开亚洲劳工大会、解决亚洲劳工特殊问题被提上国际劳工组织的议程。日本和印度较早地主导了亚洲劳工大会的相关议题。南京国民政府成立后,中国方面积极参与其中,但因各国政府态度不一和中日关系紧张,相关议程进展缓慢。第二次世界大战全面爆发后,亚洲秩序发生深刻变革,中国开始谋求主导亚洲劳工会议,为此与印度之间曾发生短暂的举办权之争。作为妥协的结果,1947年印度顺利举办亚洲劳工预备会议,而拟于中国召开的正式会议却因国共内战而流产。亚洲劳工大会的具体筹备过程体现了亚洲劳工大会与劳工权益、亚洲秩序和国共政争的复杂关系,被赋予了超越劳工议题之外的意涵,显示了劳工权益保护背后所牵涉的国际秩序与国内政治角力。

信息技术时代我国劳动者权利保护的挑战及应对

信息技术的发展全方位重塑了劳动的形态。重塑了技术劳动形态,在提高工作的灵活性和自主性的同时让员工面临更大的工作强度和工作压力;重塑了体力劳动形态,凸显了传统劳动法律制度的滞后;重塑了劳动力市场,让就业形势愈加严峻。这些重塑导致了工作和生活边界模糊下劳动者的休息权遭到严重侵害、平台化和系统化管理下劳动者遭受着过度严苛的控制、信息技术对劳动场域的全面介入致使大量劳动者难以跨过数字鸿沟沦为“数字难民”,我国劳动者权利保障面临着一系列挑战。与此同时,挑战与机遇相伴,当前关键是要以拓展企业社会责任为前提打造政府、媒体、公民、行业组织等多方协力的劳动者权利保护格局,以保护灵活就业为基础加强劳动关系的法律保护,以推动科技惠民能力为核心优化创业就业新环境,通过企业社会责任落实、法律制度改革、技术发展进步等多层面着力,维护好新技术时代就业形态下的劳动保障权益,推进实现全民高质量就业。

共同富裕视阈下新业态劳动者权益的法治保障

平台新型用工形态具有雇佣灵活化、用工外部化、组织碎片化、工时随意性等特点,具备自雇劳动特征,难以纳入我国现行劳动法规范体系调整。统筹处理好促进新业态发展和劳动者权益维护,对平台经济新型用工进行法律调整与制度供给,消除新业态劳动者权益保障制度障碍,是实现共同富裕的必然要求。应在法规范层面突破扩大劳动法适用范围的传统观点,将平台新型用工关系纳入民事雇佣关系,确立平台工作者“自雇者”法律地位;在保障制度层面,基于私法社会化原则建立替代性非传统工会组织矫正“算法”不平等,并以“多雇主平台工作者社会保险账户”为基础发展平台企业新型社会保险责任。在保证新业态经济得以延续自雇劳动前提下,换取平台承认和保护自雇劳动者权益,防止扩大劳动者身份的滥用对新业态活力的冲击,减少因新型用工性质而生的法律纠纷,平衡平台与从业者之间利益,实现共同富裕。