The Gando Primary School project faces several challenges like extreme environmental constraints,resource scarcity,and design requirements.These challenges include the hot climate of Burkina Faso,economic underdevelop...The Gando Primary School project faces several challenges like extreme environmental constraints,resource scarcity,and design requirements.These challenges include the hot climate of Burkina Faso,economic underdevelopment,building material scarcity,and lack of electrical resources.To implement an architectural design for the classrooms that accommodates these difficulties,especially in the absence of an electrical system,architect Francis Kéréemployed various passive design strategies that can provide shelter from the rain and heat while achieving essential lighting levels and ventilation.This paper used Gando Primary School as the research object and utilized the parametric tools of Ladybug+Honeybee(L+H)to conduct numerical simulations and evaluations of the building’s daylighting,glare analysis,and indoor thermal comfort.The aim of this study is to investigate the application of passive design strategies in energy conservation under extreme environmental conditions,propose a parametric energy-saving evaluation strategy with L+H,and explore energy-saving design ideas in economically underdeveloped Third World countries.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to study the community structure and diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain, and fill gaps in research about ladybugs in this region. [ Method] Using sampling plot invest...[ Objective ] The paper was to study the community structure and diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain, and fill gaps in research about ladybugs in this region. [ Method] Using sampling plot investigation method, the species composition and population structure of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain were surveyed. [ Result ] A total of 3 218 ladybugs specimens had been collected, belonging to 5 subfamilies, 20 genera, 56 species. Two spe- cies were new records for Yurman Province. The species and number of Coccinellinae were the greatest, followed by Epilachninae and Aspidimerinae, while Coceid- ulinae and Scymninae were the least. The dominant species were Coccinella septempunctata L., Harmonia eucharis （ Mulsant ） and Afissula hydrangeae Pang et Man. [ Conclusion] The study laid foundation for further study on ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to study the relationship between community structure and diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain with altitude changes. [ Method] The community and diversity of ladybugs ...[ Objective ] The paper was to study the relationship between community structure and diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain with altitude changes. [ Method] The community and diversity of ladybugs in vertical level in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain was investigated. [ Result] The species diversity of ladybugs was the greatest at the medium altitude level （ 1 600 - 1 900 m）, which gradually decreased in low and high altitude. The greater the altitude span was, the lower similarity between communities of ladybug was, and vice versa high; the similarity of ladybug communities in protected areas was relatively higher, while it was relatively lower in fanning areas. The altitude level of 1 600 - 1 900 m with the highest community diversity of ladybugs shared low similarity with the community diversity of ladybugs in other altitude levels. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the further study on ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligang Mountain.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of seasonal changes on community diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain. [ Meth- od] The seasonai change rule of community diversity of ladybugs in B...[ Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of seasonal changes on community diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain. [ Meth- od] The seasonai change rule of community diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligeng Mountain was studied during April 2008 to January 2009. [ Result ] The species diversity of ladybugs from April to June in 2008 gradually increased, which reached the peak in June and September, and then declined gradually after October. The community similarities of ladybugs in the months with less difference in temperature and rainfall were relatively high. [ Conclusion] The study pro- vided theoretical basis for the further study on ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain.展开更多
文摘The Gando Primary School project faces several challenges like extreme environmental constraints,resource scarcity,and design requirements.These challenges include the hot climate of Burkina Faso,economic underdevelopment,building material scarcity,and lack of electrical resources.To implement an architectural design for the classrooms that accommodates these difficulties,especially in the absence of an electrical system,architect Francis Kéréemployed various passive design strategies that can provide shelter from the rain and heat while achieving essential lighting levels and ventilation.This paper used Gando Primary School as the research object and utilized the parametric tools of Ladybug+Honeybee(L+H)to conduct numerical simulations and evaluations of the building’s daylighting,glare analysis,and indoor thermal comfort.The aim of this study is to investigate the application of passive design strategies in energy conservation under extreme environmental conditions,propose a parametric energy-saving evaluation strategy with L+H,and explore energy-saving design ideas in economically underdeveloped Third World countries.
基金Supported by Sub-projects of Standardized Sorting,Integration and Sharing of Biological Specimens in Nature Reserve~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to study the community structure and diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain, and fill gaps in research about ladybugs in this region. [ Method] Using sampling plot investigation method, the species composition and population structure of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain were surveyed. [ Result ] A total of 3 218 ladybugs specimens had been collected, belonging to 5 subfamilies, 20 genera, 56 species. Two spe- cies were new records for Yurman Province. The species and number of Coccinellinae were the greatest, followed by Epilachninae and Aspidimerinae, while Coceid- ulinae and Scymninae were the least. The dominant species were Coccinella septempunctata L., Harmonia eucharis （ Mulsant ） and Afissula hydrangeae Pang et Man. [ Conclusion] The study laid foundation for further study on ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain.
基金Supported by Sub-projects of Standardized Sorting,Integration and Sharing of Biological Specimens in Nature Reserve~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to study the relationship between community structure and diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain with altitude changes. [ Method] The community and diversity of ladybugs in vertical level in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain was investigated. [ Result] The species diversity of ladybugs was the greatest at the medium altitude level （ 1 600 - 1 900 m）, which gradually decreased in low and high altitude. The greater the altitude span was, the lower similarity between communities of ladybug was, and vice versa high; the similarity of ladybug communities in protected areas was relatively higher, while it was relatively lower in fanning areas. The altitude level of 1 600 - 1 900 m with the highest community diversity of ladybugs shared low similarity with the community diversity of ladybugs in other altitude levels. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the further study on ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligang Mountain.
基金Supported by Sub-projects of Standardized Sorting,Integration and Sharing of Biological Specimens in Nature Reserve~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of seasonal changes on community diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain. [ Meth- od] The seasonai change rule of community diversity of ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligeng Mountain was studied during April 2008 to January 2009. [ Result ] The species diversity of ladybugs from April to June in 2008 gradually increased, which reached the peak in June and September, and then declined gradually after October. The community similarities of ladybugs in the months with less difference in temperature and rainfall were relatively high. [ Conclusion] The study pro- vided theoretical basis for the further study on ladybugs in Baihualing of Gaoligong Mountain.
