The Tibetan Plateau(TP) has powerful dynamics and thermal effects, which makes the interaction between its land and atmosphere significantly affect climate and environment in the regional or global area. By retrospect...The Tibetan Plateau(TP) has powerful dynamics and thermal effects, which makes the interaction between its land and atmosphere significantly affect climate and environment in the regional or global area. By retrospecting the latest research progress in the simulation of land-surface processes(LSPs) over the past 20 years, this study discusses both the simulation ability of land-surface models(LSMs) and the modification of parameterization schemes from two perspectives, the models' applicability and improved parameterization schemes. Our review suggests that different LSMs can well capture the spatiotemporal variations of the physical quantities of LSPs; but none of them can be fully applied to the plateau, meaning that all need to be revised according to the characteristics specific to the TP. Avoiding the unstable iterative computation and determining the freeze-thaw critical temperature according to the thermodynamic equilibrium equation, the unreasonable freeze-thaw parameterization scheme can be improved. Due to the complex underlying surface of the TP, no parameterization scheme of roughness length can well simulate the various characteristics of the turbulent flux over the TP at different temporal scales. The uniform soil thermodynamic and hydraulic parameterization scheme is unreasonable when it is applied to the plateau, as a result of the strong soil heterogeneity. There is little research on the snow-cover process so far,and the improved scheme has no advantage over the original one due to the lack of some related physical processes. The constant interaction among subprocesses of LSPs makes the improvement of a multiparameterization scheme yield better simulation results. According to the review of existing research, adding high-quality observation stations, developing a parameterization scheme suitable for the special LSPs of the TP, and adjusting the model structures can be helpful to the simulation of LSPs on the TP.展开更多
Using 1961-1995 monthly atmospheric apparent heat source/sink 【Q1】 over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP)and reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR, and 1961 ?1994 monthly SST of UK/GISST2, the statistical study is undertaken ...Using 1961-1995 monthly atmospheric apparent heat source/sink 【Q1】 over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP)and reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR, and 1961 ?1994 monthly SST of UK/GISST2, the statistical study is undertaken on the QXP heat source/sink in relation to both atmospheric circulation in Asia and El Nino/La Nina events. It is discovered that there exists noticeable interaction in aquasi-4-year period among the 【Q1】 of the QXP, low-levelmeridional winds east of the QXP, low-level zonal winds in the equatorial Pacific, SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and the circulation at mid and high latitudes north of the QXP. They have difference in phase. The cold source intensity of the QXP in winter favours a low-level meridional wind anomaly to prevail in the mainland of China and its coast east of the QXP and to last until the subsequent autumn. The wind anomaly can induce a low-level zonal wind anomaly of the tropic Pacific that finally affects an El Nino/La Nina event in the autumn and subsequent winter.展开更多
The distinctive characteristics of the modern Pearl River delta formation and development are divided phases, diversity and imbalance in spatial and temporal. The delta was moving seaward gradually in a long period af...The distinctive characteristics of the modern Pearl River delta formation and development are divided phases, diversity and imbalance in spatial and temporal. The delta was moving seaward gradually in a long period after the last Holocene glacial stage and the ancient drowned Pearl River estuary was predominated by tide. The delta was expanding quickly since fluvial force was turned to be leading status about 2500 years ago. The sediment grain size was changing longitudinally from coarser to finer. As well as the finer sediment may be reworked and redistributed shoreward by tidal current nearby the river mouth. And the fluvial-dominated delta is developed by the mutual deposition reflected in the vertical direction. According to the spatial difference of land-ocean interaction, the main body of the Pearl River delta which is the fluvial-dominated and protruding seaward is coupled with or concomitant with the estuaries and tide-dominated deltas which are adjoined to both sides of the main part like two wings.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571066, 41601077, and 41771068)the Strategic Priority Research Pro gram of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (XDA20100102, XDA19070204)+2 种基金the CAS "Light of West China" Programthe Youth Innovation Promo tion Association CAS (2018460)the Program of China Scholarship Council (201804910129)
文摘The Tibetan Plateau(TP) has powerful dynamics and thermal effects, which makes the interaction between its land and atmosphere significantly affect climate and environment in the regional or global area. By retrospecting the latest research progress in the simulation of land-surface processes(LSPs) over the past 20 years, this study discusses both the simulation ability of land-surface models(LSMs) and the modification of parameterization schemes from two perspectives, the models' applicability and improved parameterization schemes. Our review suggests that different LSMs can well capture the spatiotemporal variations of the physical quantities of LSPs; but none of them can be fully applied to the plateau, meaning that all need to be revised according to the characteristics specific to the TP. Avoiding the unstable iterative computation and determining the freeze-thaw critical temperature according to the thermodynamic equilibrium equation, the unreasonable freeze-thaw parameterization scheme can be improved. Due to the complex underlying surface of the TP, no parameterization scheme of roughness length can well simulate the various characteristics of the turbulent flux over the TP at different temporal scales. The uniform soil thermodynamic and hydraulic parameterization scheme is unreasonable when it is applied to the plateau, as a result of the strong soil heterogeneity. There is little research on the snow-cover process so far,and the improved scheme has no advantage over the original one due to the lack of some related physical processes. The constant interaction among subprocesses of LSPs makes the improvement of a multiparameterization scheme yield better simulation results. According to the review of existing research, adding high-quality observation stations, developing a parameterization scheme suitable for the special LSPs of the TP, and adjusting the model structures can be helpful to the simulation of LSPs on the TP.
基金This work was supported by the State Key Basic Research Project (Grant No. G1998040800) and the Key Basic Research Project on the Tibetan Plateau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. KZ951-A1-204 and KZ95T-06).
文摘Using 1961-1995 monthly atmospheric apparent heat source/sink 【Q1】 over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP)and reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR, and 1961 ?1994 monthly SST of UK/GISST2, the statistical study is undertaken on the QXP heat source/sink in relation to both atmospheric circulation in Asia and El Nino/La Nina events. It is discovered that there exists noticeable interaction in aquasi-4-year period among the 【Q1】 of the QXP, low-levelmeridional winds east of the QXP, low-level zonal winds in the equatorial Pacific, SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and the circulation at mid and high latitudes north of the QXP. They have difference in phase. The cold source intensity of the QXP in winter favours a low-level meridional wind anomaly to prevail in the mainland of China and its coast east of the QXP and to last until the subsequent autumn. The wind anomaly can induce a low-level zonal wind anomaly of the tropic Pacific that finally affects an El Nino/La Nina event in the autumn and subsequent winter.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49776304).
文摘The distinctive characteristics of the modern Pearl River delta formation and development are divided phases, diversity and imbalance in spatial and temporal. The delta was moving seaward gradually in a long period after the last Holocene glacial stage and the ancient drowned Pearl River estuary was predominated by tide. The delta was expanding quickly since fluvial force was turned to be leading status about 2500 years ago. The sediment grain size was changing longitudinally from coarser to finer. As well as the finer sediment may be reworked and redistributed shoreward by tidal current nearby the river mouth. And the fluvial-dominated delta is developed by the mutual deposition reflected in the vertical direction. According to the spatial difference of land-ocean interaction, the main body of the Pearl River delta which is the fluvial-dominated and protruding seaward is coupled with or concomitant with the estuaries and tide-dominated deltas which are adjoined to both sides of the main part like two wings.
