Study on the Construction of China's Unified Urban-rural Construction Land Market

State-owned urban construction land market in China has evolved and been improved gradually, but use system of rural collective construction land has lagged far behind, so the urban-rural construction land market in China has been split with a result that use effi ciency of land resources is poor and collective land property rights of peasants are damaged. On the basis of analyzing problems of the current construction land market and also the causes, modern land property theory and institutional change of neoinstitutional economics are applied to study dynamical mechanism and development path of the construction land market, to construct the unifi ed construction land market system of China, and to propose corresponding guarantee policies, so as to achieve the effective allocation of construction land and maximization of social welfare.

The Division of Labor and Cooperation between Market and Government in the Unified Urban and Rural Construction Land Market

In the process of establishing the unified market of construction land between city and countryside,both of the market mechanism and the government mechanism are indispensable to the allocation of resources,but they are both powerless in some ways. This paper starts from the related theory of economics,and draws a conclusion that the unified market of construction land between urban countryside will be established unless the market mechanism and the government mechanism work collaboratively. Finally,the paper puts forward the recommendations for ensuring the coordination between market mechanism and government mechanism: reforming the agricultural land property rights system; reforming the existing land law system; establishing the modern land tax system; transforming the government functions.

The effects of land market development on economic growth: an empirical analysis based on Chinese panel data,1999-2005

Optimized land resources allocation is important for economic growth because land is one of the basic ele ments for economic development. And urban land resources allocation has had an increasingly important influence since the Chinese socialist market economy system was established. This paper estimates the production function of both the secondary and the tertiary industries of China's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government through an analysis of the panel data of the total output value of the secondary and the tertiary industries, invested capital, invested labor forces and the land market-featured management of the above-mentioned regions during the period of 1999-2005, and examines the positive influence of the above- mentioned factors on regional economic output. This study concludes that urban economic output is positively related with the level of urban land resources market-featured management, since the rate of economic growth of those regions approximates 14.7% under the condition of urban land market running during the period of 1999-2005.

Research on Bribery Characterization of Property Developers in Land Market: Based on Quantitative Analysis

Taking Wuhan,Nanjing and Guangzhou as examples and using Logistic model and Moran index,this paper made a quantitative analysis on bribery characterization of developers in land market. It found that( i) bribery behavior of developers is promoted by supply and demands;( ii) bribery behavior of developers takes on regional agglomeration and difference. It reached following conclusions:( i) under the influence of macro factors and micro factors,bribery behavior of developers is rational selection after full consideration of institutional environment and corporate strength,and is passive to a certain extent;( ii) bribery behavior of developers has certain spatial correlation,and the high-high correlation characteristic is most significant.

Urban Configuration Analysis of Idle Land Market Based on Game Model

In recent years, the speed of urban development becomes faster and faster with expanding of land construction scale, and a lot of idle lands lead to serious land waste. This paper builds game model by carrying out a market allocation analysis and applying economic game theory to the analysis of current idle land problem; it gets six kinds of results through analyzing the game model of idle land market, and the final Nash equilibrium is(system innovation, publicly traded) through contrastive to help balance the game relationship between government and the user of idle land and raise some new scientific and rational institutions to serve as future references for effective usage of idle land.

Model and Strategy of Urban and Rural Construction Land Market Integration

At present,one of the important contents of China s rural land system reform is to build a unified construction land market in urban and rural areas.The unified construction land market in urban and rural areas will produce higher economic and social benefits.It is imperative to promote the integration of urban and rural construction land market to improve the income of farmers,invigorate the stock of rural collective construction land and improve the efficiency of land use.This paper analyzes the current situation of urban and rural construction land market,the two models and typical cases of urban and rural construction land market integration,the restrictive factors and practical difficulties of urban and rural construction land market integration,and puts forward some suggestions and measures.This provides a theoretical basis for accelerating the integration of urban and rural construction land market,and hopes to provide a certain reference for the integration of urban and rural construction land market.

ON MARKET ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL LAND RESOURCES IN ARID ZONE

1. The basic features of the socialist market economic system in China Although there are some different views as to the basic features of the socialist marketeconomic system in China in theory, I think there are five basic features: The first, theChinese Communist Party is in power, who represents the interests of the whole people.

Dynamic Spatial Evolution of Market-oriented Supply Level of State-owned Land

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.

2023年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2024年展望——土地经济分报告

研究目的:梳理并比较2023年国内外土地经济领域的研究进展和研究重点,展望未来研究方向。研究方法:文献分析法。研究结果:2023年,国内研究集中于政策对地价的影响、城市土地供给结构与策略的时空动态、土地财政与土地金融、农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革进展、农地流转的影响因素和结果、三权分置改革、宅基地盘活等问题;国外研究侧重土地保护措施和环境保护政策对地价的影响、土地市场的福利效应、土地产权的性别不平等、征地制度的公平性等。研究结论:2023年土地经济研究领域实现了深度和广度的拓展,下一步应着重通过理论研究的创新实现政策的体系化阐释,通过实证研究的深化促进政策的系统性设计,更好地服务新时期的土地制度改革。2024年将重点关注土地经济学科建设和基础理论研究、土地要素市场化配置、城乡融合发展的土地制度创新、自然资源产权制度改革与权益实现路径、全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理制度试点等方向。

土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响研究--基于城市面板数据的检验分析

文章基于2011—2022年中国地级市的面板数据,测算地级市土地出让市场化水平与地级市碳排放绩效,采用空间面板模型、工具变量法及调节效应模型等实证方法,检验了土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:土地出让市场化与城市碳排放绩效之间呈显著的“U”型非线性关系,且通过系列稳健性检验与内生性处理后,该结论依然成立;作用机制检验表明,资源配置与产业结构升级在土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的作用机制中发挥中介作用;调节效应检验表明,双重目标约束在土地出让市场化与碳排放绩效关系中发挥显著调节作用。研究结论有助于深入理解土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响效果和内在机理,为推进土地出让市场化发展、提升城市碳排放绩效和优化目标约束提供有益借鉴。

集体经营性建设用地入市的规范路径研究——以入市合同的性质与效力为切入点

集体经营性建设用地的入市流转需要衔接以《土地管理法》为代表的公法规范和以《民法典》为代表的私法规范。集体经营性建设用地入市参照适用国有建设用地流转制度的同时,仍需关注集体经营性建设用地入市交易的特殊性。集体经营性建设用地入市牵涉多方面法律关系,入市过程伴随着一系列新型且复杂的法律关系与权利义务发生,需要厘清农村集体经济组织的主体资格及权责边界,以规范农村集体经营性建设用地入市的主体范畴。同时通过规范集体经营性建设用地入市的土地用途,形成与国有建设用地相协调的统一城乡土地交易市场体系,进而对出让合同和租赁合同的性质与效力重新认定,构建符合自身特性的入市合同规范。

土地要素市场化改革能够提升企业生产效率吗?——基于工业用地市场化改革的准自然实验研究

深化土地要素市场化改革是提升全要素生产率、促进高质量发展的重要途径。基于微观企业视角,利用双重差分模型探究工业用地市场化改革对企业全要素生产率的影响,并从资源利用、资源配置和技术创新3个方面,探究具体的影响机制。结果表明:在研究期内,工业用地市场化改革整体上促进了企业全要素生产率提升约14%;对企业主体而言,规模越小、所属行业土地依赖程度越高,则全要素生产率的提升效果越明显;分区域来看,东北及西部地区企业生产效率的提升作用显著高于东部地区。进一步从中介效应看,该改革可以通过资源配置和技术创新来促进企业全要素生产率的提升;而资源利用机制并未发挥显著作用。综上,继续深化工业用地市场化改革,并着力优化土地资源在企业间的配置,提高企业技术创新水平,有利于企业生产率的提升。

工业用地市场化对区域创新的影响研究——基于微观土地交易数据的分析

建设用地市场化进程中,区域生产要素发展格局不断演化。本文基于中国2008—2019年的省级面板数据,实证研究工业用地市场化对区域创新水平的影响程度和作用机制。研究发现,工业用地市场化显著促进了区域创新水平。工业用地市场化水平越高,区域创新能力越强,且该影响存在区域异质性,对中西部地区的促进作用最为明显,东部地区促进作用最小。进一步的作用机制分析发现,工业用地市场化主要通过产业结构升级效应、产业聚集效应以及生态环境效应传导并促进区域创新水平。因此,地方政府应当持续深入实施工业用地市场化制度,完善工业用地“招拍挂”制度,并且实行区域的差异化政策,进一步提高中西部的工业用地市场化水平,以实现工业用地市场化与区域创新的协同发展。

土地政策松绑与县域新型城镇化——来自农村宅基地改革的经验证据

以县域为重要载体的新型城镇化是实现中国式现代化的必由之路,但随着农村剩余劳动力的不断外流,土地粗放利用、宅基地闲置甚至抛荒问题日益凸显。宅基地改革是促进土地要素与新型城镇化协调发展的重要举措,基于宅基地改革试点政策,运用多期双重差分法构造准自然实验,检验农村宅基地改革能否促进县域新型城镇化。研究发现:农村宅基地改革可以显著提升县域新型城镇化水平。政策路径识别发现,农村宅基地改革从非农就业、产业结构升级和激发市场潜能三方面提升县域新型城镇化水平。异质性研究表明,行政区划上,农村宅基地制度改革对于县、县级市和市辖区的新型城镇化水平提升能力呈现递增趋势;地区差异上,农村宅基地制度改革的政策效应在东部、中部地区县域得到有效发挥,对西部地区县域新型城镇化水平提升效果有限。通过土地政策改革推进以县域为载体的新型城镇化提供了经验证据,同时也从经验上就如何稳慎推进农村宅基地改革试点提供政策启示。

工业用地市场化配置改革的制度变迁逻辑——基于“主体互动-制度共演”框架的分析

工业用地配置是当前要素市场化改革的重要内容。历经40余年的长期改革,市场在其中发挥的作用仍需要进一步加强,如何理解工业用地市场化配置改革的内在逻辑。通过纳入多类行为主体和关联制度,论文构建了“主体互动-制度共演”的理论框架,围绕改革开放以来工业用地市场化配置的改革历程和逻辑展开制度分析。研究发现,中央政府、地方政府和工业企业围绕工业用地配置制度充分互动,分别以制度供给、制度创新和制度需求的形式,在工业用地市场化配置的初步探索、发展调整和深化改革阶段主导了制度演变方向。土地产权、财政管理和政绩考核等关联制度安排也在工业用地配置制度演化过程中发挥了重要作用。研究认为,未来工业用地配置会以市场主体向上传递制度需求的互动形式深化改革,故应建立制度需求的有效反馈机制,服务企业发展和产业转型,重点优化土地利用计划管理和用途管制制度,加快培育土地二级市场和城乡统一的建设用地市场体系。

工业用地市场化配置的降碳效应与作用路径研究

本文探索在碳减排治理新阶段,工业用地要素市场化配置对地区降碳效应的影响,为深化要素市场化配置提供参考。文章基于全国30个省域2009—2020年的碳排放数据,采用双固定模型检验工业用地市场化配置对地区降碳效应的影响及作用机制。结果表明,工业用地市场化配置显著促进地区降碳效应,经过一系列稳健性检验后结果仍然成立;能源强度与能源消费结构低碳化水平对降碳效应产生正向调节作用,强化工业用地市场化配置对降碳效应的促进作用,资本错配会对降碳效应产生负向调节作用,弱化二者之间的促进作用;工业用地市场化配置对降碳效应在北方和低工业化水平地区的促进效应更显著;进一步分析发现,工业用地市场化配置显著抑制地区污染物排放水平,工业用地出让价格扭曲和工业用地出让面积增加均会抑制地区降碳效应,工业用地招拍挂出让方式显著促进降碳效应。为进一步落实碳减排目标,应提高工业用地要素市场化配置程度,充分发挥市场机制,适当弱化政府干预,最大化工业用地市场化配置政策的动态性和延续性对地区长期降碳效应的促进作用。

社会公平视角下农地入市探索——以深圳实践为例

农地入市是中国城乡土地使用制度改革的重要内容,而收益分配机制又是农地入市的焦点。深圳的农地入市实践具有典型性,城市更新模式和土地整备利益统筹(整村统筹)模式作为两种农地入市模式,分别体现了“个体利益优先”和“公共利益优先”两种利益分配思路。然而,两种模式在实践中分别会引致“市场失灵”风险和“低效治理”困境。以社会公平为视角,从初始分配公正和结果公正的角度剖析农地入市对发展包容性的影响,可以看到农地入市应该坚持利益共享、责任共担原则,通过“指标统筹调控”,建立农地入市的区域协调机制;坚持公共利益导向,衔接征地制度的收益分配标准,以更好盘活集体建设用地。

土地二级市场的风险特征、传导路径与监管策略——基于2045份裁判文书的实证分析

研究目的:探索土地二级市场的风险特征及传导路径并提出监管策略,为要素市场化改革背景下的用地市场监管提供思路。研究方法:文本分析法,统计分析法,案例分析法,系统分析法。研究结果:(1)土地二级市场存在交易规则、主体行为、主体诚信、主体能力、交易标的、合约效力、市场环境7大类风险以及土地违法行为风险等17个风险因素。(2)从交易类型看,土地转让、出租、抵押三种交易类型的风险数量、风险爆发阶段以及风险类型差异显著;从交易过程看,土地二级市场风险贯穿于事前、事中、事后全过程,集中爆发于交易执行阶段;从市场主体看,交易主体所导致的风险占据主导地位,且贯穿交易全过程;从空间分布看,西部地区高风险事件类型多于东、中部地区。(3)基于结构—过程—主体构建的土地二级市场风险传导理论框架分析表明,主体的能力、诚信、行为等能动性要素会影响土地二级市场结构性要素的构建,制度、市场等结构性要素会作用于主体行动,土地二级市场风险从潜伏、累积到爆发受主体与结构要素的共同作用。研究结论:以“有为政府”联袂“有效市场”为导向,构建基于交易全过程和涵盖制度环境、监管主体、监管手段等监管要素的土地二级市场监管体系,探索完善土地二级市场制度体系、构建土地二级市场全过程动态监管体系、完善土地二级市场运行机制、加强市场主体约束机制等监管策略。