利用全国40个地面台站的观测资料对ERA5及ERA5-Land两种不同空间分辨率的再分析资料开展了地面风速误差评估研究,结果表明:ERA5和ERA5-Land资料多年平均风速偏差的平均值分别为0.08 m s^(−1)、-0.06 m s^(−1),偏差的最大值分别为0.46 m ...利用全国40个地面台站的观测资料对ERA5及ERA5-Land两种不同空间分辨率的再分析资料开展了地面风速误差评估研究,结果表明:ERA5和ERA5-Land资料多年平均风速偏差的平均值分别为0.08 m s^(−1)、-0.06 m s^(−1),偏差的最大值分别为0.46 m s^(−1)、-0.19 m s^(−1),相对偏差的平均值为4.4%、-2.0%,相对偏差的最大值分别为33.0%、-10.1%;月平均风速线性拟合方程的斜率分别为0.93、0.97,截距分别为0.29 m s^(−1)、0.02 m s^(−1),相关系数分别为0.98、0.99;月平均风速均方根误差的平均值分别为0.17 m s^(−1)、0.14 m s^(−1),均方根误差的最大值分别为0.49 m s^(−1)、0.22 m s^(−1),相对均方根误差的平均值为7.4%、5.7%,相对均方根误差的最大值分别为35.2%、13.3%。ERA5-Land高分辨率资料地面风速误差相对较低,有利于提高风能资源评估的准确性。展开更多
A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on...A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on the steady descent phase of the parachute descent process,so the parachute and the payload suspension formulation during the phase are mainly discussed.In addition,since the wind effects have a significant impact on the land site distribution of the passive decelerator system and it is difficult to obtain the exact wind profile in practice,major features of parachute-payload system are studied via the randomized wind gust formulation.As the randomized wind gust formulation is adopted,the wind effect can be considered without the exact wind gust profile and the parachute aerodynamic simulation can be fulfilled with uncertainties.Finally,the model is validated and discussed,and the parachute land site distributions with different wind randomize profiles are presented for comparison.The results show that when parachute is less stable,the land site tends to have a larger variance.展开更多
The removal of noise and velocity ambiguity and retrieval and verification of horizontal wind field is a prerequisite to make the best and fullest use of Doppler radar measurements. This approach was applied to the Do...The removal of noise and velocity ambiguity and retrieval and verification of horizontal wind field is a prerequisite to make the best and fullest use of Doppler radar measurements. This approach was applied to the Doppler radar data collected during August 2005 for a landing typhoon Matsa (0509) in Yantai, Shangdong Province, and the verified result shows that the quality control for this dataset was successful. The horizontal wind field was retrieved and then verified by studying the characteristics of the radar radial velocity and large-scale wind field and the vertical cross section of the radial velocity determined with the typhoon center as the circle center and comparing it with satellite imagery. The results show that the meso- and small-scale systems in Matsa and its horizontal and vertical structure could be clearly retrieved using the dataset collected by single Doppler radar, and a shear or a convergence was corresponding with a band of severe storm around Matsa. At the same time, the retrieved wind field from single Doppler radar is proved to be a reliable and high-resolution dataset in analyzing the inner meso-scale structure of Matsa. It is also proved that the method for removing the velocity ambiguity could be an effective approach for preliminary quality control of the Doppler radar data, and the VAP method could also be a reasonable solution for the analysis of mesoscale wind field.展开更多
The surface wind speed(SWS)is affected by both large-scale circulation and land use and cover change(LUCC).In China,most studies have considered the effect of large-scale circulation rather than LUCC on SWS.In this st...The surface wind speed(SWS)is affected by both large-scale circulation and land use and cover change(LUCC).In China,most studies have considered the effect of large-scale circulation rather than LUCC on SWS.In this study,we evaluated the effects of LUCC on the SWS decrease during 1979-2015 over China using the observation minus reanalysis(OMR)method.There were two key findings:(1)Observed wind speed declined significantly at a rate of 0.0112 m/(s·a),whereas ERA-Interim,which can only capture the inter-annual variation of observed data,indicated a gentle downward trend.The effects of LUCC on SWS were distinct and caused a decrease of 0.0124 m/(s·a)in SWS;(2)Due to variations in the characteristics of land use types across different regions,the influence of LUCC on SWS also varied.The observed wind speed showed a rapid decline over cultivated land in Northwest China,as well as a decrease in China’s northeastern and eastern plain regions due to the urbanization.However,in the Tibetan Plateau,the impact of LUCC on wind speed was only slight and can thus be ignored.展开更多
The endangerment of aeolian sand is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems facing the southern suburb of Beijing. To control wind erosion is thus a matter of great urgency. This paper chooses typical land-...The endangerment of aeolian sand is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems facing the southern suburb of Beijing. To control wind erosion is thus a matter of great urgency. This paper chooses typical land-use types, i.e., cultivated land, wild grassland, drifting sandy land, etc. based on the fixed experimental observation and quantitative analysis, to conduct studies on the principles and characteristics of aeolian activities and measures controlling wind erosion in Daxing District of Beijing, The results show that： the near ground wind velocity yielded the logarithmic distribution with height; there are significant differences among different ground cover roughness; there are significant differences in the corresponding friction velocities caused by different properties of the underlying surface; there are differences in the threshold wind velocities speed in different land .use types; and there are minus exponential relations between the sediment discharge percentage and the height at a range of 0-20 cm air flow layer, Different land use types result in various degrees of coarse component. There is a significant exponential relation between sediment transport concentration and wind velocity.展开更多
风蚀监测可反映风沙运动规律,集沙仪是风蚀监测的必备仪器,而以往研究大多在沙漠或沙地开展,较少涉及黑土农田。本研究基于BSNE(Big Spring Number Eight)集沙仪,将采沙盒底部阻风结构中的18目孔径筛网改进为逆向百叶窗式的阻风挡板,采...风蚀监测可反映风沙运动规律,集沙仪是风蚀监测的必备仪器,而以往研究大多在沙漠或沙地开展,较少涉及黑土农田。本研究基于BSNE(Big Spring Number Eight)集沙仪,将采沙盒底部阻风结构中的18目孔径筛网改进为逆向百叶窗式的阻风挡板,采用模拟试验对比分析BSNE集沙仪和改进后rBSNE(Revised Spring Number Eight)集沙仪的保沙和集沙能力,并将其应用于野外黑土农田风蚀监测。研究结果表明:与BSNE集沙仪相比,rBSNE集沙仪降低了小粒级颗粒的损失率,当风速低于20 m·s^(-1)时,对<0.25 mm粒径的土壤颗粒的损失率显著降低74.3%~87.1%;当风速达到20 m·s^(-1)时,对所有试验粒径的土壤颗粒的损失率显著降低46.9%~74.3%。与BSNE集沙仪相比,rBSNE集沙仪有助于对小粒级颗粒的收集,当风速低于20 m·s^(-1)时,对粒径为<0.5 mm的集沙量显著增加了9.0%~44.0%;当风速达到20 m·s^(-1)时,对所有试验粒径的集沙量均显著增加7.3%~34.4%。野外监测结果显示风蚀输沙量随高度增加呈指数函数递减趋势,说明rBSNE集沙仪可应用于黑土农田风蚀的监测。展开更多
This paper presents results from a statistical validation of the hindcasts of surface wind by a high-resolution-mesoscale atmospheric numerical model Advanced Research WRF(ARW3.3), which is set up to force the operati...This paper presents results from a statistical validation of the hindcasts of surface wind by a high-resolution-mesoscale atmospheric numerical model Advanced Research WRF(ARW3.3), which is set up to force the operational coastal ocean forecast system at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services(INCOIS). Evaluation is carried out based on comparisons of day-3 forecasts of surface wind with in situ and remote-sensing data. The results show that the model predicts the surface wind fields fairly accurately over the west coast of India, with high skill in predicting the surface wind during the pre-monsoon season. The model predicts the diurnal variability of the surface wind with reasonable accuracy. The model simulates the land-sea breeze cycle in the coastal region realistically, which is very clearly observed during the northeast monsoon and pre-monsoon season and is less prominent during the southwest monsoon season.展开更多
文摘利用全国40个地面台站的观测资料对ERA5及ERA5-Land两种不同空间分辨率的再分析资料开展了地面风速误差评估研究,结果表明:ERA5和ERA5-Land资料多年平均风速偏差的平均值分别为0.08 m s^(−1)、-0.06 m s^(−1),偏差的最大值分别为0.46 m s^(−1)、-0.19 m s^(−1),相对偏差的平均值为4.4%、-2.0%,相对偏差的最大值分别为33.0%、-10.1%;月平均风速线性拟合方程的斜率分别为0.93、0.97,截距分别为0.29 m s^(−1)、0.02 m s^(−1),相关系数分别为0.98、0.99;月平均风速均方根误差的平均值分别为0.17 m s^(−1)、0.14 m s^(−1),均方根误差的最大值分别为0.49 m s^(−1)、0.22 m s^(−1),相对均方根误差的平均值为7.4%、5.7%,相对均方根误差的最大值分别为35.2%、13.3%。ERA5-Land高分辨率资料地面风速误差相对较低,有利于提高风能资源评估的准确性。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11472137)the Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(No.2017KQNCX203)Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A010102023,2017A010102017)
文摘A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on the steady descent phase of the parachute descent process,so the parachute and the payload suspension formulation during the phase are mainly discussed.In addition,since the wind effects have a significant impact on the land site distribution of the passive decelerator system and it is difficult to obtain the exact wind profile in practice,major features of parachute-payload system are studied via the randomized wind gust formulation.As the randomized wind gust formulation is adopted,the wind effect can be considered without the exact wind gust profile and the parachute aerodynamic simulation can be fulfilled with uncertainties.Finally,the model is validated and discussed,and the parachute land site distributions with different wind randomize profiles are presented for comparison.The results show that when parachute is less stable,the land site tends to have a larger variance.
文摘The removal of noise and velocity ambiguity and retrieval and verification of horizontal wind field is a prerequisite to make the best and fullest use of Doppler radar measurements. This approach was applied to the Doppler radar data collected during August 2005 for a landing typhoon Matsa (0509) in Yantai, Shangdong Province, and the verified result shows that the quality control for this dataset was successful. The horizontal wind field was retrieved and then verified by studying the characteristics of the radar radial velocity and large-scale wind field and the vertical cross section of the radial velocity determined with the typhoon center as the circle center and comparing it with satellite imagery. The results show that the meso- and small-scale systems in Matsa and its horizontal and vertical structure could be clearly retrieved using the dataset collected by single Doppler radar, and a shear or a convergence was corresponding with a band of severe storm around Matsa. At the same time, the retrieved wind field from single Doppler radar is proved to be a reliable and high-resolution dataset in analyzing the inner meso-scale structure of Matsa. It is also proved that the method for removing the velocity ambiguity could be an effective approach for preliminary quality control of the Doppler radar data, and the VAP method could also be a reasonable solution for the analysis of mesoscale wind field.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19030204)the CAS"Light of West China"Program(2015-XBQNB-17)
文摘The surface wind speed(SWS)is affected by both large-scale circulation and land use and cover change(LUCC).In China,most studies have considered the effect of large-scale circulation rather than LUCC on SWS.In this study,we evaluated the effects of LUCC on the SWS decrease during 1979-2015 over China using the observation minus reanalysis(OMR)method.There were two key findings:(1)Observed wind speed declined significantly at a rate of 0.0112 m/(s·a),whereas ERA-Interim,which can only capture the inter-annual variation of observed data,indicated a gentle downward trend.The effects of LUCC on SWS were distinct and caused a decrease of 0.0124 m/(s·a)in SWS;(2)Due to variations in the characteristics of land use types across different regions,the influence of LUCC on SWS also varied.The observed wind speed showed a rapid decline over cultivated land in Northwest China,as well as a decrease in China’s northeastern and eastern plain regions due to the urbanization.However,in the Tibetan Plateau,the impact of LUCC on wind speed was only slight and can thus be ignored.
基金The national "Tenth-Five Year Plan" Key Program of Science and Technology, No.2002BA517A14 Beijing Sand Desertification and Wind Sand Countermeasure Demonstration Area Project, No.H020720110330 Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, No.8011003
文摘The endangerment of aeolian sand is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems facing the southern suburb of Beijing. To control wind erosion is thus a matter of great urgency. This paper chooses typical land-use types, i.e., cultivated land, wild grassland, drifting sandy land, etc. based on the fixed experimental observation and quantitative analysis, to conduct studies on the principles and characteristics of aeolian activities and measures controlling wind erosion in Daxing District of Beijing, The results show that： the near ground wind velocity yielded the logarithmic distribution with height; there are significant differences among different ground cover roughness; there are significant differences in the corresponding friction velocities caused by different properties of the underlying surface; there are differences in the threshold wind velocities speed in different land .use types; and there are minus exponential relations between the sediment discharge percentage and the height at a range of 0-20 cm air flow layer, Different land use types result in various degrees of coarse component. There is a significant exponential relation between sediment transport concentration and wind velocity.
文摘风蚀监测可反映风沙运动规律,集沙仪是风蚀监测的必备仪器,而以往研究大多在沙漠或沙地开展,较少涉及黑土农田。本研究基于BSNE(Big Spring Number Eight)集沙仪,将采沙盒底部阻风结构中的18目孔径筛网改进为逆向百叶窗式的阻风挡板,采用模拟试验对比分析BSNE集沙仪和改进后rBSNE(Revised Spring Number Eight)集沙仪的保沙和集沙能力,并将其应用于野外黑土农田风蚀监测。研究结果表明:与BSNE集沙仪相比,rBSNE集沙仪降低了小粒级颗粒的损失率,当风速低于20 m·s^(-1)时,对<0.25 mm粒径的土壤颗粒的损失率显著降低74.3%~87.1%;当风速达到20 m·s^(-1)时,对所有试验粒径的土壤颗粒的损失率显著降低46.9%~74.3%。与BSNE集沙仪相比,rBSNE集沙仪有助于对小粒级颗粒的收集,当风速低于20 m·s^(-1)时,对粒径为<0.5 mm的集沙量显著增加了9.0%~44.0%;当风速达到20 m·s^(-1)时,对所有试验粒径的集沙量均显著增加7.3%~34.4%。野外监测结果显示风蚀输沙量随高度增加呈指数函数递减趋势,说明rBSNE集沙仪可应用于黑土农田风蚀的监测。
基金University Grants Commission (UGC) for funding to pursue this work
文摘This paper presents results from a statistical validation of the hindcasts of surface wind by a high-resolution-mesoscale atmospheric numerical model Advanced Research WRF(ARW3.3), which is set up to force the operational coastal ocean forecast system at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services(INCOIS). Evaluation is carried out based on comparisons of day-3 forecasts of surface wind with in situ and remote-sensing data. The results show that the model predicts the surface wind fields fairly accurately over the west coast of India, with high skill in predicting the surface wind during the pre-monsoon season. The model predicts the diurnal variability of the surface wind with reasonable accuracy. The model simulates the land-sea breeze cycle in the coastal region realistically, which is very clearly observed during the northeast monsoon and pre-monsoon season and is less prominent during the southwest monsoon season.
