Land use planning, sustainable food production and rural development: A literature analysis

In many countries agricultural land is a scarce resource, either due to natural conditions or because of competition over land. An increased need for food globally, changing environmental conditions and increased demand for environmentally sound agriculture and food systems, all require better integration of planning for rural land use and food production. A literature analysis was conducted including coding of 76 papers, to answer the question on how and to what extent, literature addresses the integration of land use policy and planning, and food system planning, in the context of sustainable rural development and agri-food production. The results indicate that land use and food system planning co-occur in literature, yet lacking the perspective of sustainable rural development, suggesting that integrated planning for sustainable rural land use and food systems needs to be strengthened. Food system research has largely focused on availability and access, or what can be associated with consumers, rather than rural land use. Likewise, the inclusion of food systems is neither common in rural land use planning nor in agricultural policies. Holistic planning for a sustainable food system may be suffering from a disjointed approach, e.g., planning for farmland may not have any links to planning for accessibility, consumer preferences or food marketing. Increased cooperation between stakeholders is necessary to break down the silos in the food system. Policies and plans for rural land use and agri-food production should be coordinated for the common goal of sustainability.

Ecological niche suitability model with an application in Taojiang land use planning

Ecological suitability analysis is an important step in ecological planning. It applies the basis toestablish a sound development planning. In this paper, by applying multi-dimension niche concept, an eco-logical niche suitability (ENS) model was developed. The ENS model, combined with geographical informa-tion system (GIS) and spatial simulation, was used to analyze regional resources and environmental features ,and identify the suitability of regional resource and environment to regional development. An application ofthe ENS model in Taojiang agricultural land use planning is presented.

Ecological planning of land use in the central area of Tianjin,China

This paper is attempted to develop a set of suitable principles and methodologies for urban ecological planning of land use,to analyze the ecological suitability of different kinds of land use patterns of Tianjin City, to help local decision makers to work out concrete ecological strategies for promoting a sound development of the city and for improving the life quality of the citizens, and to provide the decision makers with a new approach for solving the environmental problems brought about by the improper mixture of industry and residence.

Study on the Programming Standard for Ecological Rescue in General Land Use Planning

This paper aims at establishing the operation idea based on the analysis of the connotation,principles and reference indexes for programming standard for ecological rescue.The paper puts forward that the programming standard should take into account the natural,social and economic reference indexes,and modifies the scale and distribution of the ecological rescue according to the order of ecological safety,social safety and economic development.The paper suggests that the land planning department should strengthen the study and datum accumulation in order to establish the technology regulations of programming standard of the ecological rescue.

Ecological planning for land use and ruraldevelopment of Taojiang County

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The Application of Scenario Analysis in the Overall Planning of Land Use:A Case Study of Shangluo City in Shaanxi Province

The overall planning of land use is a complex process of joint action of social system, natural and economic conditions. On the basis of summarizing the existing researches, we select Shaanxi's Shangluo City, located in the Qinba mountainous area as the study object, to expound the concept and steps of scenario analysis based on land use change data, under the guidance of ecological safety and sustainable development theory. We design four different scenarios of land use planning program in Shangluo City during the period 2006-2020, and use grey linear programming model to analyze each scenario. The results show that the scenario analysis is feasible in the adjustment of land use structure in Shangluo City; operable in the determining of land use planning program on a macro-municipal scale.

Development and Prospect of Zoning Mode in the Three Rounds of Overall Land Use Planning of China

Zoning system is the basic mode of establishment of overall land use planning. In this study,the zoning mode and practice in the three rounds of overall land use planning that have been carried out in China were analyzed and summarized firstly,and then some obvious problems existing in the implementation of the zoning mode were analyzed. Finally,countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to provide necessary reference for further development and improvement of the zoning mode and the development of overall land use planning at all levels in China.

Testing of Decision Making Tools for Village Land Use Planning and Natural Resources Management in Kilimanjaro Region

This paper focuses on participatory testing of decision making tools (DMTs) at village level to assist in development of land use plans (LUPs) for sustainable land management (SLM) in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Data were collected using conditional surveys through key informant interviews with the project’s district stakeholders in each district, focused group discussions with selected villagers and participatory mapping of natural resources. Soil health, land degradation, carbon stock, and hydrological conditions were assessed in the seven pilot villages in all seven districts using DMTs as part of testing and validation. Results indicated soils of poor to medium health, and land degradation as portrayed by gullies and wind erosion in lowlands and better in uplands. Carbon and forest disturbance status could not be assessed using one-year data but hydrological analysis revealed that water resources were relatively good in uplands and poor in the lowlands. Challenges with regard to land use include increased gully erosion, decreased stream flow, reduced vegetation cover due to shifting from coffee with tree sheds to annual crops farming, cultivation near water sources, and overgrazing. Empowering the community with decision making tools at village level is essential to ensure that village land uses are planned in a participatory manner for sustainable land and natural resources management in Kilimanjaro and other regions in Tanzania.

An iterative approach to an integrated land use and transportation planning tool for small urban areas

There has been increasing interests in developing land use models for small urban areas for various planning applications such as air quality conformity analysis. The output of a land use model can serve as a major input to a transportation model; conversely, transportation model output can provide a critical input to a land use model. The connection between the two models can be achieved by an accessibility measure. This paper presents an iterative approach to solving a regression-based land use model and a transportation model with combined trip distribution- assignment. A case study using data from a small urban area is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed modeling framework. Tests show that the procedures can converge, and the modeling framework can be a valuable tool for planners and decision-makers in evaluating land use policies and transportation investment strategies.

Optimal Operation of Multipurpose Reservoir for Irrigation Planning with Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater

In the present study, a Linear Programming (LP) model is developed for the conjunctive use of surface water and ground water to obtain the optimal operating policy for a multipurpose single reservoir. The objective of the present study is to maximize the net benefit from the command area under consideration. The constraints imposed on the objective function are maximum and minimum irrigation demands, reservoir storages and canal capacity. The model takes into account the continuity constraint which includes inflows in to the reservoir, releases for irrigation, releases for hydro-power generation, evaporation losses, feeder canal releases, initial and final storages in the reservoir in each time period. The developed model is applied to the case study of Jayakwadi reservoir stage-I, built across river Godavari, Maharashtra, India. Initially the model is solved for the availability of surface water which results in net benefit of 3373.45 million rupees with irrigation intensity is 57.07%. Next the model solved by considering the availability of surface water and available potential of groundwater in the area, which results in net benefits of 3590.02 million rupees with an intensity of irrigation 58.48%. The present model takes in to account the socio-economic requirement of growing the essential crops to meet the requirement of the society. The model has also generated the canal wise optimal releases for irrigation and power, monthly utilization of groundwater, storages in the reservoir at the end of every month and corresponding head over the turbine.

A Study on the Theory and Approach of Environmental Impact Assessment in General Land Use Planning

In this paper,the theory and approach of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning are studied from different aspects.First,starting from the content and concept of general land use planning,the necessity of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning is illustrated.On the basis of its evaluation theories and methodologies,it attempts to establish index system of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning,and point outs that current general land use planning requires public participation.

Study on Population Forecast Model in Planning of Land Use

On the basis of describing characteristics and condition of application of natural growth model of population,weighted average growth model,regression forecast model and GM(1,1) forecast model,taking Gushi County in Henan Province as an example,according to the statistics of population in Gushi County Statistical Yearbook from 1991 to 2007,we establish four models to conduct fitting on population change respectively,and meanwhile,we predict population size from 2008 to 2009 and conduct preciseness test on the population size.The test results show that the preciseness of forecast results of natural growth model is not high,and the preciseness of forecast results of weighted average growth model is not scientific when the total size of population is unstable.The results of GM(1,1) forecast model and regression forecast model largely conform to the actual data,so we can take the mean of the two as the final forecast result.

Prediction of Farmland Protection Area in County-level Land Use Planning: A Case Study of Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province

Taking Mizhi County as an example and the year of 2005 as base period of planning,this paper made a prediction of farmland demand in 2010 and 2020 using grain security method,supply-demand balance method,and trend extrapolation method. In addition,it built a fixed weight combination model to make scientific summary of three prediction results. Finally,it predicted the farmland demand of Mizhi County in 2010 and 2020 will be 40 967 hm2 and 36 556 hm2,which can provide basis and reference for determination of farmland protection area in the land use planning.

Irrigation Planning with Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater Using Fuzzy Resources

Surface and groundwater are related systems. They can be used conjunctively to maximize the efficient use of available resources. Groundwater may be used to supplement surface water to cope with the irrigation demands to meet the deficits in low rainfall periods. The parameters involved in the present study are groundwater availability, surface water availability, water requirement of crops and crop area. The inclusion of such uncertain parameters leads to accept the decision making process beyond the consideration of economic benefits. In the present study, an irrigation planning model is formulated by considering the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. The resources in the present model, i.e. the area, surface water and groundwater availability are represented by fuzzy set. The linear membership function is used to fuzzify the objective function and resources. The model is applied to a case study of Jayakwadi project and solved for maximization of the degree of satisfaction (l) which is 0.546.

Public Participation in Land Use Planning:Values and Case Analysis

Objective:we want to explore values and methods of public participation in land use planning through analysis on values of public participation and case of Ji'an County in Jiangxi Province.Methods:document and data method,case analysis method,qualitative and quantitative combined methods.Results:public participation in land use plays a positive role in improving science and practice of planning.Conclusions:preparation and implementation of land use planning should manifest human-oriented,public participation,wisdom of the masses,scientific demonstration,and democratic decision-making.

Preliminary Analysis of Sea Use Planning Strategies in Coastal Cities:A Case Study of Binhai New Area in Tianjin City

Through investigating current sea use in coastal cities of China,and exploring foreign and domestic researches on sea use,this paper took Binhai New Area of Tianjin City for example to analyze major problems of its sea use in ecological security,planar form,land use layout,specialized planning,management and regulatory mechanism,then proposed strategies from 4 perspectives,namely ecological conservation and restoration,optimization of planning planar form,optimization of planning land use layout,and planning management,in order to provide references and instructions for the sea use planning of Chinese coastal cities.

Studies on Land Resource Inventory for Agricultural Land Use Planning in Northern Transition Zone of India through Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of available land resources. Hence, a study on land resource inventory for agricultural land use planning was conducted in the Northern Transition Zone of India to determine land capability and develop a suitability map for wheat and sorghum-based on physical and climatic factors of production using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Detailed soil survey information was used for this exercise. Four series (Singhanhalli, Mugli, Bogur and Venkatapur series) were identified and mapped into seventeen mapping units. Land capability classification showed that a greater portion of the study area belonged to class III followed by class IV with limitations of erosion, wetness and varying soil properties. Four land capability classes viz., II, III, IV, and VI, and seven subclasses viz., IIsf, IIItsf, IVs, IVt, IVts, IVtsf and VIt were identified. Major limitations of these subclasses were slope, erosion, depth, texture, coarse fragments, pH, organic carbon and base saturation. Soil suitability assessment revealed that the soils are moderately suitable to permanently not suitable. About 234 ha (31.6%) is moderately suitable, 494 ha (65.0%) marginally suitable and 10.2 ha (1.3%) permanently not suitable for wheat;while 78.5 ha (10.3%) is moderately suitable, 633.4 ha (82.3%) marginally suitable and 32.6 ha (4.3%) permanently not suitable for sorghum respectively. The moderate, marginal and permanent non-suitability was due to moderate, severe and very severe limitations respectively. However, it is possible to achieve potential yield of the crops in the study area if these limitations are addressed.

Digital Problems and Strategies of Partial Revision in Overall Plan of Land Use

The technical route of partial revision in overall plan of land use is briefly described.It is pointed out that problems of area measuring in the technical route are mainly due to the digital process.The digital problems of partial revision in overall plan of land use are presented as follows:the maps are not proofread before digitalization;the coordinate matching and projection transformation are not conducted on the maps;the information is asymmetrical pre and post the digitalization;the location lacks precision;the result maps are substandard.The causes of these problems are analyzed,which cover the following aspects.The lack of united management regulations;uneven working abilities of the staff in the compilation units;unawareness of the importance of map digilalization;poor basic conclitions of the original plan maps.At last,the relevant suggestions are put forward,for instance,releasing the national united management methods and technical criteria,establishing industrial admittance system and qualification system of complication units,setting up the mechanism of supervising digitalized results and controlling the quality,conducting coordinate matching and projection transformation and unifying the specification and mode of the results of maps so as to provide technical support for the overall plan of land use,play the micro-regulating role of land use and take a leading role in the sustainable development of social economy.

Underground space planning in Helsinki

This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki,Finland.The city has an underground master plan(UMP) for its whole municipal area,not only for certain parts of the city.Further,the decision-making history of the UMP is described step-by-step.Some examples of underground space use in other cities are also given.The focus of this paper is on the sustainability issues related to urban underground space use,including its contribution to an environmentally sustainable and aesthetically acceptable landscape,anticipated structural longevity and maintaining the opportunity for urban development by future generations.Underground planning enhances overall safety and economy efficiency.The need for underground space use in city areas has grown rapidly since the 21 st century;at the same time,the necessity to control construction work has also increased.The UMP of Helsinki reserves designated space for public and private utilities in various underground areas of bedrock over the long term.The plan also provides the framework for managing and controlling the city’s underground construction work and allows suitable locations to be allocated for underground facilities.Tampere,the third most populated city in Finland and the biggest inland city in the Nordic countries,is also a good example of a city that is taking steps to utilise underground resources.Oulu,the capital city of northern Finland,has also started to ‘go underground’.An example of the possibility to combine two cities by an 80-km subsea tunnel is also discussed.A new fixed link would generate huge potential for the capital areas of Finland and Estonia to become a real Helsinki-Tallinn twin city.