Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused ch...Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused changes in landscape patterns and impacts on the ecological environment.It is unknown how the mechanism of land use affects the landscape pattern at different scales.The Hantai District,a typical human settlement in the mountain area in Shaanxi,China,was chosen as the study area.Based on the remote sensing images,the mathematical models and landscape indexes were adopted to evaluate the impact of land use change from 1998 to 2017 on the landscape pattern at different scales,and its main driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanized land expanded largest from 15.39%to 24.30%,and cultivated land experienced the largest decline from 43.54%to 35.35%.Changes in land use have made the patch morphology of most land types developed from a natural random to a sawtooth shape,and its spatial pattern evolved from a ruleset to a fragmented expansion.This reflects the continuous strengthening of human intervention in the process of regional development.Under the jurisdiction of Hantai District,the biggest change in landscape pattern is in Hanzhong City and Qili Town.The improved economy and increasing population and urbanization rate were the main factors that cause these changes.This research could provide necessary information for understanding the evolution mechanism of land resources in mountainous human settlements for mountainous areas with significant geomorphic differentiation.展开更多
[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore ...[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore the characteristics of ecological risk evolution under different landscape patterns in the region,with a view to providing reference for land classification protection,sustainable use of resources and regional ecological risk optimization in karst mountainous areas.[Method]Taking Huangping County,a typical karst mountainous area,as an example,eight evaluation factors of natural and landscape patterns were selected to construct a landscape ecological risk evaluation model,to quantitatively explore the spatio-temporal evolution of landscape ecological risk and the trend of risk level transfer in the study area from^(2)010-2018,and to reveal the complex relationship between ecological risk and topography in karst mountainous areas.[Result]①From 2010 to 2018,land use types changed to different degrees,with the most amount of woodland transferred out(1627.37 hm^(2))and the most amount of construction land transferred in(1303.93 hm^(2));a total of 3552.31 hm^(2) of land was transferred,with a change ratio of 2.13%,and there was a significant conversion between construction land,arable land,and woodland.②From 2010 to 2018,the landscape ecological risk in the study area changed significantly,and the landscape ecological risk index decreased from 0.3441 to 0.1733,showing an upward and then downward trend;the landscape ecological risk of the whole region was dominated by low-risk and lower-risk zones,and the ecological risk level generally shifted from a high level to a low level,and the ecological environment was improved.③There was a negative correlation between ecological risk and topographic position,and high-risk zones were mainly distributed among low topographic zones;with the change of time,the advantage of risk level for the selection of topography was gradually weakened,and the influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecological risk of the landscape was becoming more and more prominent.[Conclusion]This paper can provide theoretical basis for land use optimization and ecological protection in karst mountainous areas.展开更多
The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influences of landscape composition and spatial structure on the transmission process of non-point source pollutants in different regions.The location-weighted ...The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influences of landscape composition and spatial structure on the transmission process of non-point source pollutants in different regions.The location-weighted landscape contrast index,using the hydrological response unit(HRULCI)as the minimum research unit,was proposed in this paper.Through the description of the endemic landscape types and various geographical factors in the basin,the index calculation can reflect the impact of the“source-sink”landscape structure on the non-point source pollution in different regions and quantitatively evaluate the contribution of different landscape types and geographical factors to non-point source pollution.This study constructed a method of geo-cognitive computing for identifying“source-sink”landscape patterns of river basin non-point source pollution at two levels.1)The basin level:the spatial distribution and landscape combination of the entire basin are identified,and the crucial“source”and“sink”landscape types are obtained to measure the differences in the non-point source pollutant transmission processes between the“source”and“sink”landscapes in the different watersheds.2)The landscape level:HRULCI is calculated based on multiple geographical correction weighting factors.By using the idea of intersecting geographic information system(GIS)and landscape ecology,the landscape spatial pattern and ecological processes are linked.Compared with the traditional method for studying landscape patterns,the calculation of HRULCI makes the proposed method more ecologically significant.Lastly,a case study was evaluated to verify the significance of the proposed research method by taking the Yanshi River basin,a sub-basin belonging to the Jiulong River basin located in Fujian Province,China,as the experimental study zone.The results showed that this method can reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the“source-sink”types and their relationship with non-point source pollution.By comparing the resulting calculation based on HRULCI,the risk of nutrient loss and the influence of landscape patterns and ecological processes on non-point pollution in different catchments can be obtained.展开更多
Investigations of the formation mechanisms of flood peaks in small catchments facilitate flood prediction and disaster prevention under extreme rainstorms.However,there have been few studies on the re-sponses of flood...Investigations of the formation mechanisms of flood peaks in small catchments facilitate flood prediction and disaster prevention under extreme rainstorms.However,there have been few studies on the re-sponses of flood peaks to land use landscape patterns using field surveys during extreme rainstorm events.Based on field data from 17 small catchments near the rainstorm center of Typhoon Lekima,7 landscape indices were chosen.The flood peak and its sensitivity to the land use landscape were investigated by combining remote sensing interpretation and related analysis.The conclusions are as follows:(1)The peak discharge of the small catchment was 2.36e56.50 m3/s,the peak modulus was 8.00 e48.89 m3/(s$km2),and the flood index K ranged from 3.61 to 4.55.(2)Under similar rainfall conditions,the flood peak modulus,K and the proportion of sloping cropland had significantly positive correlations(p<0.05).The flood peak modulus was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of forest-grassland and terrace(p<0.05),and K and the proportion of forest-grassland and terraced land exhibited a negative correlation.(3)The flood peak modulus and K were positively correlated with the landscape fragmentation.(4)The sensitivities of small catchments to floods were evaluated to be moderate compared to K values from other studies.The ability of small catchments to cope with extreme rain-storms can be improved by increasing the areas of forest-grassland,and terraces and reducing landscape fragmentation.Our results could be applied to provide a basis for land use planning and support for the response against disasters caused by extreme floods.展开更多
In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglom...In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration on urban carbon emissions.Based on generalized linear regression and geographically weighted regression models,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions,the spatiotemporal relationship between urban form index and carbon emissions,and the spatial differentiation of the intensity of dominant factors from 63 county-level administrative units in the Poyang Lake city group from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that:①The carbon emissions of urban agglomerations around Poyang Lake are generally increasing,and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is characterized by high-value concentration in the middle and low-value agglomeration in pieces;②The main driving factor for the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions was the expansion of built-up area;③Improving urban compactness and optimizing urban form could effectively reduce urban carbon emissions.The results showcased the correlation between urban spatial landscape pattern and the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,which could make the low-carbon land spatial planning in the Poyang Lake city group more reasonable and practical.展开更多
The relationship between landscape patterns and soil conservation,as well as the need for nature-based soil erosion control and landscape pattern optimization,have increasingly gained attention in the scientific and p...The relationship between landscape patterns and soil conservation,as well as the need for nature-based soil erosion control and landscape pattern optimization,have increasingly gained attention in the scientific and political community in the past decade.With the implementation of a series of afforestation/reforestation projects in the western China,the optimization and management of forest landscape patterns will become more important for soil conservation.In this study,the Bailongjiang Watershed(BLJW),in the western China,was used as a case study to explore the relationship between the forest landscape pattern and soil conservation services using mathematical and spatial statistics methods.A spatially-explicit model called the sediment delivery ratio(SDR)model of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)was used to assess the soil conservation service in each sub-basin of BLJW in 1990,2002,and 2014,and landscape indices were used to describe changes in forest landscape patterns in each sub-basin.Nine forest landscape indices,including the percentage of landscape(PLAND),largest patch index(LPI),edge density(ED),landscape shape index(LSI),mean patch shape(SHAPEMN),patch cohesion index(COHESION),landscape division index(DIVISION),splitting index(SPLIT)and aggregation index(AI),were significantly correlated to the soil conservation service.PLAND,AI,LSI and SPLIT of forestland were determined to be the more important landscape indicators.The results also indicated that soil conservation was substantially scale-dependent.The results demonstrated that landscape type diversity greatly affected watershed soil conservation and can be used for forest landscape restoration and management.Furthermore,spatial statistics analysis indicated that the Spatial Lag Model(SLM)was superior to the Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)for soil conservation regressions in 1990 and 2014,while OLS was more appropriate for the regression in 2002.These findings will be useful for enhancing soil conservation and for optimizing mountainous forest landscape patterns for afforestation/reforestation and regional development.Future planning and implementation of ecological restoration should focus more on strategic spatial planning and integrated landscape management with full consideration of future climate,water availability/consumption,hydrological regime,topography,and watershed features,especially on afforestation and revegetation projects in western mountainous China,where the socio-ecological system is fragile and poor.展开更多
This paper used Google Earth satellite maps of Wenjiang District, Chengdu City in 2008, 2012 and 2015 as basic data sources, and field investigation data in recent years, and employed Photoshop and Auto CAD to analyze...This paper used Google Earth satellite maps of Wenjiang District, Chengdu City in 2008, 2012 and 2015 as basic data sources, and field investigation data in recent years, and employed Photoshop and Auto CAD to analyze landscape pattern of urban and suburban areas of Wenjiang District—the international livable communities. The results showed that urban forest patches accounted for the absolute dominance in the study area, the overall landscape fragmentation index in 2008 was 0.0054, landscape diversity index 1.3603, landscape dominance index 0.2937, and evenness index 0.8452. From 2008 to 2012, patch density index reduced by 7.04, landscape fragmentation index increased by 0.0014, diversity index reduced by 0.043, evenness index reduced by 0.0269, landscape dominance index increased by 0.0027. From 2012 to 2015, patch density index increased by 1.22, landscape fragmentation index kept stable, diversity index reduced by 0.024, evenness index reduced by 0.0149, landscape dominance index increased by 0.0196. Through analyzing quantitative indexes of urban landscape pattern, and exploring basic features of the international livable communities from the perspective of landscape eco-pattern, this paper put forward suggestions for city management and green space system protection of Wenjiang as the references for the future researches on maintenance and operation of landscape eco-pattern.展开更多
TOptimization of regional landscape pattern is significant for improving function and value of ecosystem,and restraining the expansion of urban layout.Taking Chengdu City for example,this paper applied RS and GIS tech...TOptimization of regional landscape pattern is significant for improving function and value of ecosystem,and restraining the expansion of urban layout.Taking Chengdu City for example,this paper applied RS and GIS techniques,landscape indexes and ecological service function evaluation to further analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of landscape pattern and spatial differences of regional ecological functions,and on this basis,identified the spatial distribution of ecological source lands.Based on the long-term objective of building Chengdu into a modem garden city,this paper applied the accumulative cost distance model and introduced garden city theory to construct regional ecological corridors and ecological nodes,and explored the approaches of optimizing landscape pattern of modem garden city.The results showed that a great deal of arable land has been transferred to construction land in the urbanization;intensity of regional ecological functions showed obvious spatial differences;ecological source lands were mainly distributed in the Longmen Mountain,the Qionglai Mountain,the Changqiu Mountain and the Longquan Mountain;according to actual conditions of the study area,the road ecological corridors,river corridors and agricultural corridors in the layout of "four rings and six radial corridors" were constructed;ecological nodes dominated by intersection,wetland and forest park were formed.This research method and results are significant references for building Chengdu into a modem garden展开更多
Landscape ecology is a new interdisciplinary subject which has developed rapidly in recent years,and it is a hot spot in the research of resources,environment and ecology.Based on the theoretical framework of ecology,...Landscape ecology is a new interdisciplinary subject which has developed rapidly in recent years,and it is a hot spot in the research of resources,environment and ecology.Based on the theoretical framework of ecology,landscape ecology is a comprehensive discipline that absorbs the essence of modern geography and system science,and studies ecological processes,spatial structure,pattern evolution and ecological and environmental effects of landscape units.The development course of landscape ecology in China is briefly introduced.By sorting out and summarizing the current situation and characteristics of landscape ecology research in China,the paper points out the existing problems and deficiencies of landscape ecology research in China,and looks forward to the key direction and development trend of future landscape ecology research in China.展开更多
Yanchi County is located in the agro-pastoral ecotone and belongs to the ecologically fragile area of Northwest China.It is important to study the evolution of landscape pattern to curb its environmental degradation.I...Yanchi County is located in the agro-pastoral ecotone and belongs to the ecologically fragile area of Northwest China.It is important to study the evolution of landscape pattern to curb its environmental degradation.In order to intuitively show how the landscape pattern of the study area changes over time,Landsat Thematic Mappers(TM)and Landsat Operational Land Imager(OLI)data of 1991,2000,2010 and 2017 were used.This paper attempts to apply niche theories and methods into landscape ecology,and constructs a niche model of landscape components by using"n-dimentional hypervolume niche theory"and landscape pattern indices.By evaluating the spatial and temporal evolution of niche from the perspective of two-dimensional space to reflect the changes of landscape pattern in the study area over the past 26 years,new theories and methods were introduced for the characterization of landscape pattern.The results indicate that:1)The larger the attribute and dominance value of landscape components,the higher the ecological niche and the stronger the control effect on the overall landscape.2)The ecological niche of each landscape component was significantly different,just as its control effect on the overall landscape.3)The dynamic change of the ecological niche of each landscape component was different,with grassland,unused land and arable land always in a high dominant position,although the ecological niche of construction land and water area was always low.In general,the introduction of niche theory into the landscape ecology provided a new method to study the changes in regional landscape pattern.展开更多
This paper selected the typical wind-water erosion crisscross region Xiliugou watershed for research to reveal the impact of the landscape pattern change of the underlying surface in wind-water erosion crisscross regi...This paper selected the typical wind-water erosion crisscross region Xiliugou watershed for research to reveal the impact of the landscape pattern change of the underlying surface in wind-water erosion crisscross region where soil erosion is most serious on rainfall and runoff as well as erosion and sediment.Based on the Landsat TM image data and measured data of runoff-sediment in that watershed,the paper analyzed the characteristics of watershed landscape pattern change and runoff-sediment and explored the relationship between landscape index and runoff-sediment yield by means of GIS and Fragstats.The results were included as follows.(1)Grassland was the dominant landscape.In terms of the number of patches and area change rate,from 1985 to 2010,cultivated land,forest land and construction land were most stable,followed by unused land.Unused land,grassland and cultivated land experienced the most dramatic conversion and maximally affected by human activities.(2)The inter-annual difference between annual runoff and annual sediment load was significant.Compared with the annual sediment load,the trend of decreasing runoff was more obvious.The correlation coefficient of runoff-sediment was 0.67,representing a significant correlation.(3)There was a significant correlation between the landscape index and runoff-sediment.The runoff was negatively correlated with the largest patch index,patch cohesion index,aggregation index and contagion index,but positively correlated with landscape morphology index and landscape division index.And the sediment was negatively correlated with the contagion index,aggregation index and plaque cohesion index,but positively correlated with other landscape indexes.The results indicate that with the increase of the largest patch index,patch cohesion index and aggregation index,the rainfall infiltration capacity increase obviously and the soil erosion reduce significantly.Therefore,increasing the largest patch index,patch cohesion and aggregation index of the watershed landscape can enhance the function of water storage and soil conservation as well as ecological optimization in the windwater erosion crisscross region.The results can provide theoretical support for the ecological environment construction and comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources.展开更多
Formation and development of ancient terraces proves that slope-to-terrace project is a signifi cant measure for conserving water and soil in mountainous areas. UAV remote sensing technology was applied to obtain RS i...Formation and development of ancient terraces proves that slope-to-terrace project is a signifi cant measure for conserving water and soil in mountainous areas. UAV remote sensing technology was applied to obtain RS images with a resolution ratio of 0.1–0.5 m, Arc GIS was applied for data processing, and Fragstats3.3 was used to calculate characteristic indexes, to study landscape pattern of 4 ancient terraces in Huangping County, Guizhou Province. The results showed that terrace landscapes and woodland landscapes in the study area account for nearly 80% of the whole landscape(terrace 30%, woodland 50%); mean area of single fi eld is mainly concentrated between 100 m^2 and 200 m^2, and height between 0.7 m and 1.7 m, breadth 0.5 m and 0.6 m; most terraces have a gradient of 5–25°, accounting for 70% of the total number of fi eld. The water and soil conservation concept in the ancient terraces provides references for the slope-to-terrace project and the water and soil loss control of slope farmland.展开更多
Study on landscape spatial pattern in the center of Chengdu City is based on the Landsat-8 image by using 3S technique and spatial pattern analysis software Fragstats 3.3. The results showed that there covered an area...Study on landscape spatial pattern in the center of Chengdu City is based on the Landsat-8 image by using 3S technique and spatial pattern analysis software Fragstats 3.3. The results showed that there covered an area of 193.92 km<sup>2</sup> in the center of Chengdu City. 55.24% of the total area was made up of buildings, covering an area of 107.12 km<sup>2</sup>, and the overall landscape of impervious ground-based. There were 22,666 patches;29.67% of the patches were roads. The human interference of buildings, roads and green space was a maximum;fragmentation of the highest was green space. The fragmentation of overall urban landscape was high;the diversity was low;the value of Shannon’s diversity index was 0.63;the value of Shannon’s evenness index was 0.70. All kinds of landscape distribution were not balanced, and lack of connectivity. This research puts important reference for creating good urban landscape space and restoring the natural ecological environment in the western regions of China.展开更多
The modern landscape patterns of islands usually show obvious spatial heterogeneity and complex ecological effects due to the vulnerability of ecosystems with natural characteristics under increasing human activities....The modern landscape patterns of islands usually show obvious spatial heterogeneity and complex ecological effects due to the vulnerability of ecosystems with natural characteristics under increasing human activities.In this work,we studied the variation in landscape pattern of the Miaodao Archipelago in Bohai Sea,North China,from 1990 to 2019,and an evaluation index system was established to explore the impacts of natural conditions and human disturbances on the ecological effects in the pressure-state-response(PSR)framework.Empirical analysis was conducted on the natural conditions,human disturbances,and ecological effects.The results show that forest was the main component of the landscape pattern in the archipelago.Both of the areas offorest and construction land were increasing,and the areas of cropland and grassland were declining.Other landscape types changed slightly,and the landscape fragmentation was increasing.The natural condition exhibited positive effects while human disturbance showed negative effects on the local ecology.Human disturbances come mainly from shoreline use while the natural conditions were mainly from the elevation change.The ecological effects were resulted mainly from the net primary productivity and water yield.展开更多
Low-slope hilly land( LSHL) refers to regions with relatively lower altitude,smaller topographic changes and gentler slopes. Exploitation and utilization of such areas is acting as an efficient approach to release the...Low-slope hilly land( LSHL) refers to regions with relatively lower altitude,smaller topographic changes and gentler slopes. Exploitation and utilization of such areas is acting as an efficient approach to release the intensity in land utilization for mountainous areas in China, and needs further study. By summarizing related domestic concepts regarding LSHL,and taking Lu County of Sichuan province as the sample,this paper defined the scope of LSHL and extracted a total coverage of 331. 71 km2 LSHL.Then based on the landscape ecological security patterns theory,we have established the landscape ecological security pattern of Lu County by the minimum cumulative resistance model,targeting to achieve ecological land protection. Moreover,LSHL of different landscape security levels is further classified through overlay analysis on the current utilization status of the LSHL. The LSHL is classified into four categories, including prioritized development type,moderate development type, limited development type and prohibited development type. Their scopes of areas are 108. 72,97. 03,68. 36 and 57. 60 km2 respectively. In addition,respective land utilization and exploitation plan for LSHL are proposed according to the analysis of characteristics of each type. The result has provided scientific references for the definition,establishment of landscape ecological security pattern as well as the appropriate exploitation and utilization of the LSHL.展开更多
Affected by topographical conditions,the distribution of cultivated land in karst areas is relatively fragmented.More effective cultivated land protection measures can be taken in a targeted manner by grasping the spa...Affected by topographical conditions,the distribution of cultivated land in karst areas is relatively fragmented.More effective cultivated land protection measures can be taken in a targeted manner by grasping the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of regional cultivated land.In this study,with the cultivated land of four county-level administrative regions(Debao County,Jingxi City,Daxin County,and Tiancheng County)in typical karst landform areas in southwestern Guangxi as the research object,combining with the spatial analysis function of the GIS software platform,the spatial distribution characteristics and temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land in the study area were investigated from 2009 to 2020 using the quantitative analysis method of landscape pattern indices,revealing the main problems of cultivated land utilization,and the multi-dimensional management ideas of cultivated land protection in karst areas under the background of rural revitalization strategy were proposed.展开更多
By comparing landscape patterns of suburban and urban rivers in the same flow path, and analyzing patch indexes of urban river landscapes, corresponding sustainable eco-design strategies were proposed, ecodesign theor...By comparing landscape patterns of suburban and urban rivers in the same flow path, and analyzing patch indexes of urban river landscapes, corresponding sustainable eco-design strategies were proposed, ecodesign theory system and eco-restoration design techniques were coupled, so as to explore new digital eco-design means of urban river landscapes by targeting at regional ecological consistency.展开更多
Taking Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway(the section of Zhenjiangnan Station) for example,this paper applied UAV remote sensing data and GIS spatial analysis to analyze current land use types in this section,on thi...Taking Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway(the section of Zhenjiangnan Station) for example,this paper applied UAV remote sensing data and GIS spatial analysis to analyze current land use types in this section,on this basis used landscape pattern indices that showed high correlation with land use changes for the quantitative analysis and evaluation of ecosystem structure in the study area and also landscape pattern after the construction of high-speed railway.The results showed that UAV images performed well in the evaluation of railway landscape ecological environment,landscape structure and features represented by the selected landscape pattern indices in this paper were applicable,and capable of ensuring scientific evaluation of ecological environmental impact;the overall landscape pattern of the Zhenjiangnan Station section(Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway) after completion was moderate,and local ecosystem was damaged,thus scientific and reasonable ecological planning was required to design and change landscape structure.展开更多
Study on the relationship between landscape beauty and ecological beauty is an important scientifi c problem that refl ects the nature of man-land relation, and current academic researches on this topic are most based...Study on the relationship between landscape beauty and ecological beauty is an important scientifi c problem that refl ects the nature of man-land relation, and current academic researches on this topic are most based on a single perspective. Therefore, this paper took the Confucius Temple–Qinhuai River Scenic Area in Nanjing City as a typical case of urban traditional cultural tourism destination, adopted landscape pattern indexes and balanced incomplete block comparison and evaluation method as the evaluation standards of ecological beauty and landscape beauty, and analyzed the coupling characteristics and rules of landscape pattern and landscape aesthetics. The results showed that(a) The overall landscape of the study area had higher fragmentation degree, but different landscape groups were infl uenced by different human interventions, landscape patches showed moderate diversity and heterogeneity, patch area, spatial distribution and spatial aggregation degree showed structural differences.(b) The locals and visitors had aesthetic perception of the study area, but preferred the beautiful natural scenery of the Qinhuai River, as well as the historical buildings and cultural landscapes that contain rich memories of the city.(c) Landscape pattern and landscape aesthetics showed coupled complementation and harmonious coexistence. The Confucius Temple–Qinhuai River Scenic Area has profound historical and cultural background, but it has witnessed gradual loss of cultural characteristics and fast "delocalization" against the background of rapid urbanization. As an urban traditional cultural tourism destination, it carries the responsibility of protecting city memories and inheriting regional cultures.展开更多
Based on the generalized landscape perspective, regional connotation of urban river landscape is expanded. The area connotation of urban river landscape is expanded based on the generalized landscape perspective. In a...Based on the generalized landscape perspective, regional connotation of urban river landscape is expanded. The area connotation of urban river landscape is expanded based on the generalized landscape perspective. In addition to natural and functional attributes, river landscape should be regarded as a regional space element based on heterogeneous space scale. First, as for research method system, the space research models(including ecological footprint, space planning, and landscape pattern index, etc.) coupled with different angle scales and interdisciplinary theory, are utilized to study different correlations and results formed by urban river landscape elements and other regional space elements from the perspective of the regional ecological space, and the overall development goal of the urban river landscape pattern based on the goals of the regional ecological space planning is obtained. Second, the oriented urban river landscape planning and the "M" type close-tonature design strategy are evaluated through the city function zoning orientation and micro-scale urban river landscape pattern index. The research realizes the compatibility of overall goals in terms of the regional ecology, the development of urban functional areas, and the river landscape planning, without losing micro difference and maneuverability based on the urban river landscape planning and design oriented strategy, which innovates the new approach of urban river landscape planning and design with sustainable and balanced development of regional resources, multi-scale, and multiple objectives.展开更多
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of China(51378067)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(806215594019)。
文摘Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused changes in landscape patterns and impacts on the ecological environment.It is unknown how the mechanism of land use affects the landscape pattern at different scales.The Hantai District,a typical human settlement in the mountain area in Shaanxi,China,was chosen as the study area.Based on the remote sensing images,the mathematical models and landscape indexes were adopted to evaluate the impact of land use change from 1998 to 2017 on the landscape pattern at different scales,and its main driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanized land expanded largest from 15.39%to 24.30%,and cultivated land experienced the largest decline from 43.54%to 35.35%.Changes in land use have made the patch morphology of most land types developed from a natural random to a sawtooth shape,and its spatial pattern evolved from a ruleset to a fragmented expansion.This reflects the continuous strengthening of human intervention in the process of regional development.Under the jurisdiction of Hantai District,the biggest change in landscape pattern is in Hanzhong City and Qili Town.The improved economy and increasing population and urbanization rate were the main factors that cause these changes.This research could provide necessary information for understanding the evolution mechanism of land resources in mountainous human settlements for mountainous areas with significant geomorphic differentiation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41661088)Project for Guizhou Province"High-level Innovative Talent Training Program‘Hundred’Level Talents"(QKHPTRC[2016]5674)Guizhou Science and Technology Plan Project(QKHZC[2023]GENERAL211).
文摘[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore the characteristics of ecological risk evolution under different landscape patterns in the region,with a view to providing reference for land classification protection,sustainable use of resources and regional ecological risk optimization in karst mountainous areas.[Method]Taking Huangping County,a typical karst mountainous area,as an example,eight evaluation factors of natural and landscape patterns were selected to construct a landscape ecological risk evaluation model,to quantitatively explore the spatio-temporal evolution of landscape ecological risk and the trend of risk level transfer in the study area from^(2)010-2018,and to reveal the complex relationship between ecological risk and topography in karst mountainous areas.[Result]①From 2010 to 2018,land use types changed to different degrees,with the most amount of woodland transferred out(1627.37 hm^(2))and the most amount of construction land transferred in(1303.93 hm^(2));a total of 3552.31 hm^(2) of land was transferred,with a change ratio of 2.13%,and there was a significant conversion between construction land,arable land,and woodland.②From 2010 to 2018,the landscape ecological risk in the study area changed significantly,and the landscape ecological risk index decreased from 0.3441 to 0.1733,showing an upward and then downward trend;the landscape ecological risk of the whole region was dominated by low-risk and lower-risk zones,and the ecological risk level generally shifted from a high level to a low level,and the ecological environment was improved.③There was a negative correlation between ecological risk and topographic position,and high-risk zones were mainly distributed among low topographic zones;with the change of time,the advantage of risk level for the selection of topography was gradually weakened,and the influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecological risk of the landscape was becoming more and more prominent.[Conclusion]This paper can provide theoretical basis for land use optimization and ecological protection in karst mountainous areas.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Programs of China(Grant No.2017YFB0504201,2015BAJ02B02)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61473286,61375002)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Grant No.20164178).
文摘The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influences of landscape composition and spatial structure on the transmission process of non-point source pollutants in different regions.The location-weighted landscape contrast index,using the hydrological response unit(HRULCI)as the minimum research unit,was proposed in this paper.Through the description of the endemic landscape types and various geographical factors in the basin,the index calculation can reflect the impact of the“source-sink”landscape structure on the non-point source pollution in different regions and quantitatively evaluate the contribution of different landscape types and geographical factors to non-point source pollution.This study constructed a method of geo-cognitive computing for identifying“source-sink”landscape patterns of river basin non-point source pollution at two levels.1)The basin level:the spatial distribution and landscape combination of the entire basin are identified,and the crucial“source”and“sink”landscape types are obtained to measure the differences in the non-point source pollutant transmission processes between the“source”and“sink”landscapes in the different watersheds.2)The landscape level:HRULCI is calculated based on multiple geographical correction weighting factors.By using the idea of intersecting geographic information system(GIS)and landscape ecology,the landscape spatial pattern and ecological processes are linked.Compared with the traditional method for studying landscape patterns,the calculation of HRULCI makes the proposed method more ecologically significant.Lastly,a case study was evaluated to verify the significance of the proposed research method by taking the Yanshi River basin,a sub-basin belonging to the Jiulong River basin located in Fujian Province,China,as the experimental study zone.The results showed that this method can reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the“source-sink”types and their relationship with non-point source pollution.By comparing the resulting calculation based on HRULCI,the risk of nutrient loss and the influence of landscape patterns and ecological processes on non-point pollution in different catchments can be obtained.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.41807067,No.41771558]the Youth Talent Lift Project of China Association for Science and Technology[No.2019-2021QNRC001]the open Project Fund of Key Laboratory of the Loess Plateau Soil Erosion and Water Loss Process and Con-trol,Ministry of Water Resources[No.HTGY202004].
文摘Investigations of the formation mechanisms of flood peaks in small catchments facilitate flood prediction and disaster prevention under extreme rainstorms.However,there have been few studies on the re-sponses of flood peaks to land use landscape patterns using field surveys during extreme rainstorm events.Based on field data from 17 small catchments near the rainstorm center of Typhoon Lekima,7 landscape indices were chosen.The flood peak and its sensitivity to the land use landscape were investigated by combining remote sensing interpretation and related analysis.The conclusions are as follows:(1)The peak discharge of the small catchment was 2.36e56.50 m3/s,the peak modulus was 8.00 e48.89 m3/(s$km2),and the flood index K ranged from 3.61 to 4.55.(2)Under similar rainfall conditions,the flood peak modulus,K and the proportion of sloping cropland had significantly positive correlations(p<0.05).The flood peak modulus was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of forest-grassland and terrace(p<0.05),and K and the proportion of forest-grassland and terraced land exhibited a negative correlation.(3)The flood peak modulus and K were positively correlated with the landscape fragmentation.(4)The sensitivities of small catchments to floods were evaluated to be moderate compared to K values from other studies.The ability of small catchments to cope with extreme rain-storms can be improved by increasing the areas of forest-grassland,and terraces and reducing landscape fragmentation.Our results could be applied to provide a basis for land use planning and support for the response against disasters caused by extreme floods.
基金by the 2022 National Natural Foundation of China(42261046)The 2021 Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of Jiangxi Higher Education Institutions(JC21237).
文摘In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration on urban carbon emissions.Based on generalized linear regression and geographically weighted regression models,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions,the spatiotemporal relationship between urban form index and carbon emissions,and the spatial differentiation of the intensity of dominant factors from 63 county-level administrative units in the Poyang Lake city group from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that:①The carbon emissions of urban agglomerations around Poyang Lake are generally increasing,and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is characterized by high-value concentration in the middle and low-value agglomeration in pieces;②The main driving factor for the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions was the expansion of built-up area;③Improving urban compactness and optimizing urban form could effectively reduce urban carbon emissions.The results showcased the correlation between urban spatial landscape pattern and the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,which could make the low-carbon land spatial planning in the Poyang Lake city group more reasonable and practical.
基金Under the auspices of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research of China(No.2019QZKK0603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41771196)。
文摘The relationship between landscape patterns and soil conservation,as well as the need for nature-based soil erosion control and landscape pattern optimization,have increasingly gained attention in the scientific and political community in the past decade.With the implementation of a series of afforestation/reforestation projects in the western China,the optimization and management of forest landscape patterns will become more important for soil conservation.In this study,the Bailongjiang Watershed(BLJW),in the western China,was used as a case study to explore the relationship between the forest landscape pattern and soil conservation services using mathematical and spatial statistics methods.A spatially-explicit model called the sediment delivery ratio(SDR)model of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)was used to assess the soil conservation service in each sub-basin of BLJW in 1990,2002,and 2014,and landscape indices were used to describe changes in forest landscape patterns in each sub-basin.Nine forest landscape indices,including the percentage of landscape(PLAND),largest patch index(LPI),edge density(ED),landscape shape index(LSI),mean patch shape(SHAPEMN),patch cohesion index(COHESION),landscape division index(DIVISION),splitting index(SPLIT)and aggregation index(AI),were significantly correlated to the soil conservation service.PLAND,AI,LSI and SPLIT of forestland were determined to be the more important landscape indicators.The results also indicated that soil conservation was substantially scale-dependent.The results demonstrated that landscape type diversity greatly affected watershed soil conservation and can be used for forest landscape restoration and management.Furthermore,spatial statistics analysis indicated that the Spatial Lag Model(SLM)was superior to the Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)for soil conservation regressions in 1990 and 2014,while OLS was more appropriate for the regression in 2002.These findings will be useful for enhancing soil conservation and for optimizing mountainous forest landscape patterns for afforestation/reforestation and regional development.Future planning and implementation of ecological restoration should focus more on strategic spatial planning and integrated landscape management with full consideration of future climate,water availability/consumption,hydrological regime,topography,and watershed features,especially on afforestation and revegetation projects in western mountainous China,where the socio-ecological system is fragile and poor.
基金Sponsored by National Agricultural Science&Technology Achievements Transformation Fund(2011GB2F000016)
文摘This paper used Google Earth satellite maps of Wenjiang District, Chengdu City in 2008, 2012 and 2015 as basic data sources, and field investigation data in recent years, and employed Photoshop and Auto CAD to analyze landscape pattern of urban and suburban areas of Wenjiang District—the international livable communities. The results showed that urban forest patches accounted for the absolute dominance in the study area, the overall landscape fragmentation index in 2008 was 0.0054, landscape diversity index 1.3603, landscape dominance index 0.2937, and evenness index 0.8452. From 2008 to 2012, patch density index reduced by 7.04, landscape fragmentation index increased by 0.0014, diversity index reduced by 0.043, evenness index reduced by 0.0269, landscape dominance index increased by 0.0027. From 2012 to 2015, patch density index increased by 1.22, landscape fragmentation index kept stable, diversity index reduced by 0.024, evenness index reduced by 0.0149, landscape dominance index increased by 0.0196. Through analyzing quantitative indexes of urban landscape pattern, and exploring basic features of the international livable communities from the perspective of landscape eco-pattern, this paper put forward suggestions for city management and green space system protection of Wenjiang as the references for the future researches on maintenance and operation of landscape eco-pattern.
基金Sponsored by National"Twelfth Five-year Plan"Science and Technology Support Program(2012BAJ21B08)Program of the Ministry of Environmental Protection
文摘TOptimization of regional landscape pattern is significant for improving function and value of ecosystem,and restraining the expansion of urban layout.Taking Chengdu City for example,this paper applied RS and GIS techniques,landscape indexes and ecological service function evaluation to further analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of landscape pattern and spatial differences of regional ecological functions,and on this basis,identified the spatial distribution of ecological source lands.Based on the long-term objective of building Chengdu into a modem garden city,this paper applied the accumulative cost distance model and introduced garden city theory to construct regional ecological corridors and ecological nodes,and explored the approaches of optimizing landscape pattern of modem garden city.The results showed that a great deal of arable land has been transferred to construction land in the urbanization;intensity of regional ecological functions showed obvious spatial differences;ecological source lands were mainly distributed in the Longmen Mountain,the Qionglai Mountain,the Changqiu Mountain and the Longquan Mountain;according to actual conditions of the study area,the road ecological corridors,river corridors and agricultural corridors in the layout of "four rings and six radial corridors" were constructed;ecological nodes dominated by intersection,wetland and forest park were formed.This research method and results are significant references for building Chengdu into a modem garden
文摘Landscape ecology is a new interdisciplinary subject which has developed rapidly in recent years,and it is a hot spot in the research of resources,environment and ecology.Based on the theoretical framework of ecology,landscape ecology is a comprehensive discipline that absorbs the essence of modern geography and system science,and studies ecological processes,spatial structure,pattern evolution and ecological and environmental effects of landscape units.The development course of landscape ecology in China is briefly introduced.By sorting out and summarizing the current situation and characteristics of landscape ecology research in China,the paper points out the existing problems and deficiencies of landscape ecology research in China,and looks forward to the key direction and development trend of future landscape ecology research in China.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of Gansu Provincial Natural Science Fund of"Research on Land Use and Ecological Security in Ecologically Vulnerable Areas"(Project No.GSANZL-2015-045)
文摘Yanchi County is located in the agro-pastoral ecotone and belongs to the ecologically fragile area of Northwest China.It is important to study the evolution of landscape pattern to curb its environmental degradation.In order to intuitively show how the landscape pattern of the study area changes over time,Landsat Thematic Mappers(TM)and Landsat Operational Land Imager(OLI)data of 1991,2000,2010 and 2017 were used.This paper attempts to apply niche theories and methods into landscape ecology,and constructs a niche model of landscape components by using"n-dimentional hypervolume niche theory"and landscape pattern indices.By evaluating the spatial and temporal evolution of niche from the perspective of two-dimensional space to reflect the changes of landscape pattern in the study area over the past 26 years,new theories and methods were introduced for the characterization of landscape pattern.The results indicate that:1)The larger the attribute and dominance value of landscape components,the higher the ecological niche and the stronger the control effect on the overall landscape.2)The ecological niche of each landscape component was significantly different,just as its control effect on the overall landscape.3)The dynamic change of the ecological niche of each landscape component was different,with grassland,unused land and arable land always in a high dominant position,although the ecological niche of construction land and water area was always low.In general,the introduction of niche theory into the landscape ecology provided a new method to study the changes in regional landscape pattern.
基金Sponsored by National Program on Key Basic Research Project(2011CB403303)A Special Fund for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(HKY-2011-15)
文摘This paper selected the typical wind-water erosion crisscross region Xiliugou watershed for research to reveal the impact of the landscape pattern change of the underlying surface in wind-water erosion crisscross region where soil erosion is most serious on rainfall and runoff as well as erosion and sediment.Based on the Landsat TM image data and measured data of runoff-sediment in that watershed,the paper analyzed the characteristics of watershed landscape pattern change and runoff-sediment and explored the relationship between landscape index and runoff-sediment yield by means of GIS and Fragstats.The results were included as follows.(1)Grassland was the dominant landscape.In terms of the number of patches and area change rate,from 1985 to 2010,cultivated land,forest land and construction land were most stable,followed by unused land.Unused land,grassland and cultivated land experienced the most dramatic conversion and maximally affected by human activities.(2)The inter-annual difference between annual runoff and annual sediment load was significant.Compared with the annual sediment load,the trend of decreasing runoff was more obvious.The correlation coefficient of runoff-sediment was 0.67,representing a significant correlation.(3)There was a significant correlation between the landscape index and runoff-sediment.The runoff was negatively correlated with the largest patch index,patch cohesion index,aggregation index and contagion index,but positively correlated with landscape morphology index and landscape division index.And the sediment was negatively correlated with the contagion index,aggregation index and plaque cohesion index,but positively correlated with other landscape indexes.The results indicate that with the increase of the largest patch index,patch cohesion index and aggregation index,the rainfall infiltration capacity increase obviously and the soil erosion reduce significantly.Therefore,increasing the largest patch index,patch cohesion and aggregation index of the watershed landscape can enhance the function of water storage and soil conservation as well as ecological optimization in the windwater erosion crisscross region.The results can provide theoretical support for the ecological environment construction and comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources.
基金Sponsored by Guizhou Provincial Scientifi c and Technological Fund(2007NO21642014NO2123)
文摘Formation and development of ancient terraces proves that slope-to-terrace project is a signifi cant measure for conserving water and soil in mountainous areas. UAV remote sensing technology was applied to obtain RS images with a resolution ratio of 0.1–0.5 m, Arc GIS was applied for data processing, and Fragstats3.3 was used to calculate characteristic indexes, to study landscape pattern of 4 ancient terraces in Huangping County, Guizhou Province. The results showed that terrace landscapes and woodland landscapes in the study area account for nearly 80% of the whole landscape(terrace 30%, woodland 50%); mean area of single fi eld is mainly concentrated between 100 m^2 and 200 m^2, and height between 0.7 m and 1.7 m, breadth 0.5 m and 0.6 m; most terraces have a gradient of 5–25°, accounting for 70% of the total number of fi eld. The water and soil conservation concept in the ancient terraces provides references for the slope-to-terrace project and the water and soil loss control of slope farmland.
文摘Study on landscape spatial pattern in the center of Chengdu City is based on the Landsat-8 image by using 3S technique and spatial pattern analysis software Fragstats 3.3. The results showed that there covered an area of 193.92 km<sup>2</sup> in the center of Chengdu City. 55.24% of the total area was made up of buildings, covering an area of 107.12 km<sup>2</sup>, and the overall landscape of impervious ground-based. There were 22,666 patches;29.67% of the patches were roads. The human interference of buildings, roads and green space was a maximum;fragmentation of the highest was green space. The fragmentation of overall urban landscape was high;the diversity was low;the value of Shannon’s diversity index was 0.63;the value of Shannon’s evenness index was 0.70. All kinds of landscape distribution were not balanced, and lack of connectivity. This research puts important reference for creating good urban landscape space and restoring the natural ecological environment in the western regions of China.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0900806)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1806214)the landscape pattern analysis and remote sensing interpretation work were supported by the Shandong Ocean Special Fund“Ocean Health”Key Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.2018SDKJ05)。
文摘The modern landscape patterns of islands usually show obvious spatial heterogeneity and complex ecological effects due to the vulnerability of ecosystems with natural characteristics under increasing human activities.In this work,we studied the variation in landscape pattern of the Miaodao Archipelago in Bohai Sea,North China,from 1990 to 2019,and an evaluation index system was established to explore the impacts of natural conditions and human disturbances on the ecological effects in the pressure-state-response(PSR)framework.Empirical analysis was conducted on the natural conditions,human disturbances,and ecological effects.The results show that forest was the main component of the landscape pattern in the archipelago.Both of the areas offorest and construction land were increasing,and the areas of cropland and grassland were declining.Other landscape types changed slightly,and the landscape fragmentation was increasing.The natural condition exhibited positive effects while human disturbance showed negative effects on the local ecology.Human disturbances come mainly from shoreline use while the natural conditions were mainly from the elevation change.The ecological effects were resulted mainly from the net primary productivity and water yield.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401198)Soft Science Research Program in Sichuan Province,China(No.2015ZR0121)Scientific Research Project of Land and Resources Department of Sichuan Province,China(No.KJ-2015-5)
文摘Low-slope hilly land( LSHL) refers to regions with relatively lower altitude,smaller topographic changes and gentler slopes. Exploitation and utilization of such areas is acting as an efficient approach to release the intensity in land utilization for mountainous areas in China, and needs further study. By summarizing related domestic concepts regarding LSHL,and taking Lu County of Sichuan province as the sample,this paper defined the scope of LSHL and extracted a total coverage of 331. 71 km2 LSHL.Then based on the landscape ecological security patterns theory,we have established the landscape ecological security pattern of Lu County by the minimum cumulative resistance model,targeting to achieve ecological land protection. Moreover,LSHL of different landscape security levels is further classified through overlay analysis on the current utilization status of the LSHL. The LSHL is classified into four categories, including prioritized development type,moderate development type, limited development type and prohibited development type. Their scopes of areas are 108. 72,97. 03,68. 36 and 57. 60 km2 respectively. In addition,respective land utilization and exploitation plan for LSHL are proposed according to the analysis of characteristics of each type. The result has provided scientific references for the definition,establishment of landscape ecological security pattern as well as the appropriate exploitation and utilization of the LSHL.
文摘Affected by topographical conditions,the distribution of cultivated land in karst areas is relatively fragmented.More effective cultivated land protection measures can be taken in a targeted manner by grasping the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of regional cultivated land.In this study,with the cultivated land of four county-level administrative regions(Debao County,Jingxi City,Daxin County,and Tiancheng County)in typical karst landform areas in southwestern Guangxi as the research object,combining with the spatial analysis function of the GIS software platform,the spatial distribution characteristics and temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land in the study area were investigated from 2009 to 2020 using the quantitative analysis method of landscape pattern indices,revealing the main problems of cultivated land utilization,and the multi-dimensional management ideas of cultivated land protection in karst areas under the background of rural revitalization strategy were proposed.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51208428)Sichuan Provincial Applied Fundamental Research Program(2013JY0038)Research Program of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(JGYQ201419)
文摘By comparing landscape patterns of suburban and urban rivers in the same flow path, and analyzing patch indexes of urban river landscapes, corresponding sustainable eco-design strategies were proposed, ecodesign theory system and eco-restoration design techniques were coupled, so as to explore new digital eco-design means of urban river landscapes by targeting at regional ecological consistency.
基金Sponsored by Environmental Protection Fund of China-"123 Project"of Liaoning Environmental Scientific Research&Education(CEPF2010-123-2-10)
文摘Taking Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway(the section of Zhenjiangnan Station) for example,this paper applied UAV remote sensing data and GIS spatial analysis to analyze current land use types in this section,on this basis used landscape pattern indices that showed high correlation with land use changes for the quantitative analysis and evaluation of ecosystem structure in the study area and also landscape pattern after the construction of high-speed railway.The results showed that UAV images performed well in the evaluation of railway landscape ecological environment,landscape structure and features represented by the selected landscape pattern indices in this paper were applicable,and capable of ensuring scientific evaluation of ecological environmental impact;the overall landscape pattern of the Zhenjiangnan Station section(Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway) after completion was moderate,and local ecosystem was damaged,thus scientific and reasonable ecological planning was required to design and change landscape structure.
基金Sponsored by Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401152)Youth Program of Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education(14YJCZH228)+1 种基金Domestic Senior Visiting Scholar Plan of Jiangsu Provincial Higher Vocational Colleges(2015FX036)Outstanding Young Teacher Cultivation Program of Jiangsu Universities and Colleges"Blue Project"
文摘Study on the relationship between landscape beauty and ecological beauty is an important scientifi c problem that refl ects the nature of man-land relation, and current academic researches on this topic are most based on a single perspective. Therefore, this paper took the Confucius Temple–Qinhuai River Scenic Area in Nanjing City as a typical case of urban traditional cultural tourism destination, adopted landscape pattern indexes and balanced incomplete block comparison and evaluation method as the evaluation standards of ecological beauty and landscape beauty, and analyzed the coupling characteristics and rules of landscape pattern and landscape aesthetics. The results showed that(a) The overall landscape of the study area had higher fragmentation degree, but different landscape groups were infl uenced by different human interventions, landscape patches showed moderate diversity and heterogeneity, patch area, spatial distribution and spatial aggregation degree showed structural differences.(b) The locals and visitors had aesthetic perception of the study area, but preferred the beautiful natural scenery of the Qinhuai River, as well as the historical buildings and cultural landscapes that contain rich memories of the city.(c) Landscape pattern and landscape aesthetics showed coupled complementation and harmonious coexistence. The Confucius Temple–Qinhuai River Scenic Area has profound historical and cultural background, but it has witnessed gradual loss of cultural characteristics and fast "delocalization" against the background of rapid urbanization. As an urban traditional cultural tourism destination, it carries the responsibility of protecting city memories and inheriting regional cultures.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51208428)Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province(2013JY0038)+1 种基金Sichuan Research Center for Landscape and Recreation Research Project(JGYQ201419)Central University Fundamental Research Funds for Science and Technology Innovation Project(SWJTU11CX158)
文摘Based on the generalized landscape perspective, regional connotation of urban river landscape is expanded. The area connotation of urban river landscape is expanded based on the generalized landscape perspective. In addition to natural and functional attributes, river landscape should be regarded as a regional space element based on heterogeneous space scale. First, as for research method system, the space research models(including ecological footprint, space planning, and landscape pattern index, etc.) coupled with different angle scales and interdisciplinary theory, are utilized to study different correlations and results formed by urban river landscape elements and other regional space elements from the perspective of the regional ecological space, and the overall development goal of the urban river landscape pattern based on the goals of the regional ecological space planning is obtained. Second, the oriented urban river landscape planning and the "M" type close-tonature design strategy are evaluated through the city function zoning orientation and micro-scale urban river landscape pattern index. The research realizes the compatibility of overall goals in terms of the regional ecology, the development of urban functional areas, and the river landscape planning, without losing micro difference and maneuverability based on the urban river landscape planning and design oriented strategy, which innovates the new approach of urban river landscape planning and design with sustainable and balanced development of regional resources, multi-scale, and multiple objectives.