Smoothing potential energy surface of proteins by hybrid coarse grained approach

Coarse-grained（CG） simulations can more efficiently study large conformational changes of biological polymers but usually lose accuracies in the details. Lots of different hybrid models involving multiple different resolutions have been developed to overcome the difficulty. Here we propose a novel effective hybrid CG（hyCG） approach which mixes the fine-grained interaction and its average in CG space to form a more smoothing potential energy surface. The hyCG approximately reproduces the potential of mean force in the CG space, and multiple mixed potentials can be further combined together to form a single effective force field for achieving both high efficiency and high accuracy. We illustrate the hyCG method in Trp-cage and Villin headpiece proteins to exhibit the folding of proteins. The topology of the folding landscape and thus the folding paths are preserved, while the folding is boosted nearly one order of magnitude faster. It indicates that the hyCG approach could be applied as an efficient force field in proteins.

Digital cultural heritage and rural landscapes:preserving the histories of landscape conservation in the United States

This paper addresses how a digital heritage project can impact the research and interpretation of a large-scale rural cultural landscape in the United States.Due to the size and scope of rural landscapes,large-scale documentation methods are critical to advancing landscape conservation and preservation initiatives.Using an in-progress online project to document a 1935 US federally sponsored program,the Prairie States Forestry Project(PSFP),the authors show how diverse visual and textual data can be spatialised to construct a map reading of landscape change over time.To date,the PSFP is one of the largest afforestation projects in the history of the United States;the United States Forest Service and thousands of landowners undertook a series of cooperative planting agreements to plant over 200 million trees over seven years in approximately 33,000 shelterbelts from the panhandle of Texas to the North Dakota border.Due to a lack of coordinated monitoring,shelterbelt location and status was unknown,and the original archival material remained unpreserved.In the case of the Prairie States Forestry Project,the process for digitising and disseminating previously inaccessible primary source documents is an act of preservation that creates opportunities for future large-scale landscape conservation projects.The application of the archival mapping method and resulting PSFP datasets can be incorporated by individuals working on heritage documentation such as Historic American Landscapes Survey(HALS)reports,National Register nominations,or Cultural Landscape Reports for the National Parks Service.The dataset could also be used by private groups such as cooperative conservation land managers.

Considerations of a Swiss Monument Preservationist during a Visit to Traditional Villages in China:The Yunnan Shaxi Rehabilitation Project as an Opportunity

The article elaborates the thoughts and recommendations from a Swiss monument preservationist view point towards the issues and developments of rural cultural landscapes in China,with case studies on the joint Swiss-Chinese Rehabilitation Project of Shaxi,and the traditional villages in the provinces of Guizhou and Guangxi.