Multi-Angle Exploration on the Inner Relationship among Language,Thought and Culture with “Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”

“Sapir-Whorf hypothesis"holds that human thoughts are shaped by their native languages,and speakers of different languages think differently relevantly.The hypothesis is controversial partly because it seems to deny the possibility of a general principle for human cognition,and partly because some findings taken to support it have not reliably replicated.The author argued that considering this hypothesis through the lens of probabilistic inference has the potential to figure out both issues,at least with respect to certain prominent findings in the two languages—Chinese and English.After exploring on the inner relationship among language,thought and culture with the comparison between English and Chinese based on a series of examples including“numbers,Wuhan dialect and some different understandings of idioms”,the author made an inference that language can somewhat affect human thought under the different culture contexts.Besides,it also provides some reference for educators to take in-depth studies on the relationship among language,thought and culture,which is vitally significant for ESL educators and learners.

Information Expression Oriented toward the Hearing-Impaired Based on Sign Language Video Synthesis

Among the human users of the Internet of Things,the hearing-impaired is a special group of people for whom normal information expression forms,such as voice and video are unaccessible,and most of them have some difficulty in understanding information in text form.The hearing-impaired are accustomed to receiving information expressed in sign language.For this situation,a new information expression form for the Internet of Things oriented toward the hearing-impaired is proposed in this paper,and the new expression is based on sign language video synthesis.Under the sign synthesis frame,three modules are necessary:constructing database,searching for appropriate sign language video units and transition units,and generating interpolated frames.With this method,text information could be transformed into sign language expression for the hearing-impaired.

A Tentative Analysis of the Relationship between Thought and Language

Being a classical theory in the field of linguistics, the relationship between thought and language has been drawing the attentions of linguists, psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists to carry out a great deal of researches and debates. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis about the relationship between thought and language is both influential and controversial .

Research on the Comparison of Critical Thinking and Logical Expression

With the advancement of globalization,university students need not only to master English language skills but also to develop critical thinking and logical expression skills,both of which are crucial for academic and professional success.As an interactive and structured learning activity,English debates provide an effective platform for enhancing these cognitive and linguistic skills.This study investigates the impact of English debates on students’critical thinking and logical expression skills by analyzing pre-and post-debate assessments,survey data,and in-depth interviews with debate participants.The results indicate significant improvements in critical thinking skills,including argumentation logic,rebuttal techniques,and problem awareness.Students also demonstrated notable progress in organizing and expressing complex ideas logically in English.These findings offer valuable insights for English teaching in higher education,suggesting that debates can serve as an effective pedagogical tool for fostering both language and cognitive development in university students.

Color Expression of Architectural Emotion Language from the Perspective of Public Art

Against the background of "architecturalization" of public art, the significance of architectural color design lies not only in the visual element of architectural environment, but also in the emotion expression of city culture and spirit of the time. Architectural colors should be constructed from the 6 aspects, namely, conveying city spirit, coordinating the environment, showing regional characteristics, reflecting public concept, obtaining public sympathy, combining cultural connotations of color and functions of space. Moreover, the impact of regional culture on architectural color should be properly handled, the emotions of architecture for the city reflected on the surface of architecture, which can reverse the convergence of city images to some extent, and promote the diversity of regional humanistic architectural landscapes.

To Comma or Not to Comma: The Mathematics of the Relative Clause, All Types, via Boole and Venn

The present paper is part of a large scale project in Intelligence Science. The nearterm aim of this project is the increased digitalization of the analysis of human intelligence in as far as intelligence is rational. The ultimate aim is to draw up a complete and definitive map of the totality of rational human intelligence or rational thought and language. As far as the mathematical component of this project is concerned, two contributions have appeared so far, the following: 1) “The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole’s Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases”, in Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154;2) “Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does”, in Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 2, No. 4 (July 2012), pp. 243-273, including an appendix by Richard D. Gill. The present paper pertains to the linguistics branch of the project. It is concerned with linguistic cognition. The focus of this paper is on a single phenomenon, the relative clause and all its possible types. The method of analyzing the structure of rational thought and language that is advanced in this paper and applied to the relative clause claims validity on the following three grounds. First, it is mathematical and digital in the strictest possible sense. Second, the empirical data to which this mathematical method is applied are fully accessible in language. After all, all that is essential to that structure must be exteriorized in sounds or written symbols for the structure to be transported from one brain to another and understood. The structure must somehow be encoded in its entirety in the airwaves or light beams that travel to a hearer’s ear or a reader’s eye. And these airwaves and light beams are accessible to observation. Third, general inspiration and encouragement can be drawn from the fact that it has already been long established that the brain teems with digital activity, including in the prefrontal cortex. In sum, there is every incentive for dissecting language in search of the digital structure of rational thought and its expression in language. The design of the present paper is to demonstrate that the structure can be found.

Research on the Teaching of Chinese Language and Literature in Modern Educational Thoughts

In recent years, with the continuous progress and development of the society, the teaching of Chinese language and literature in the process of continuous development and improvement, actively learning from the advanced teaching ideas and ideas at home and abroad, combined with modern educational ideas, the teaching methods have undergone profound Variety. Based on the perspective of modern educational thought, the author studies the development and strategy of Chinese language and literature teaching, in order to provide a theoretical basis for Chinese language teaching in the field of Chinese language teaching.

Discussion on the ＂Worship Elegance＂ and ＂Express Aspiration＂ in Zhu Xi＇s Music Thoughts

The idea of ＂worship elegance＂ in Zhu Xi＇ are ＂worship elegance＂ and ＂express aspiration＂ , namely thoughts s music thoughts has been commonly discussed by most theorists, but there ＂restrain feelings＂ and ＂express feelings＂ co-existing in Zhu xi＇ s music thoughts.

Discussion on the ＂Worship Elegance＂ and ＂Express Aspiration＂ in Zhu Xi＇s Music Thoughts

The idea of ＂worship elegance＂ in Zhu Xi＇ s music thoughts has been commonly discussed by most theorists, but there are ＂worship elegance＂ and ＂express aspiration＂ , namely ＂restrain feelings＂ and ＂express feelings＂ co-existing in Zhu xi＇ s music thoughts.

The Correlations between Language, Culture and Thought

With the purpose of having a better understanding,this article discusses the correlations between language, culture and thought as well their interactions. They not only correlate but also are different social phenomena. They are dependent and mutually influenced with Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis as its main points.

Macroscopic Contrast of English,Chinese and the Shui Language Syntactic Features and Thought Patterns

This paper is to explore the syntactic features and thought patterns among English,Chinese and the Shui language,discussing this topic from macroscopic,giving a brief contrast and comparison on macroscopic of English,Chinese and the Shui language.

Analyze the Influence of Language and Culture on Thought from 1984

The relationship between language and thought has always been a controversial topic. Whether language determines thought or thought determines language, researchers have different opinions. As early as in ancient Greece, someone put forward that thought was a silent language, language and thought could not be separated, and thought was a part of language. However, oth-ers argue that language is a sign of thought and should not be confused with thought.Until the 20th century, researchers represented by Sapir-Whorf put forward the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which believe that language has a direct impact on thought, and thought varies with language. Hence, based on the relationship between language and thought, culture and thought, this thesis mainly dis-cusses the relationship between language, culture and thought combine with the Newspeak in the novel of 1984.

A Brief Analysis of the Key Points to Avoid Misunderstanding and Inappropriate Language Expressions in Business Communication

Opportunities for business cooperation have been increased dramatically in the new environment, and under such circumstance, language usage in business communication places a significant role, particularly in oral business language. To promote harmonious conversations, certain factors and manners of communication like paying attention to the cultural differences, the proper use of humor, mutual understanding, and the avoidance of misunderstanding ambiguity should be taken into consideration to avoid an unsuccessful result.

The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole’s Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases

The Monty Hall problem has received its fair share of attention in mathematics. Recently, an entire monograph has been devoted to its history. There has been a multiplicity of approaches to the problem. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The design of the present paper is to add one more approach by analyzing the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem in digital terms. The structure of the problem is described as much as possible in the tradition and the spirit—and as much as possible by means of the algebraic conventions—of George Boole’s Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854), the Magna Charta of the digital age, and of John Venn’s Symbolic Logic (second edition, 1894), which is squarely based on Boole’s Investigation and elucidates it in many ways. The focus is not only on the digital-mathematical structure itself but also on its relation to the presumed digital nature of cognition as expressed in rational thought and language. The digital approach is outlined in part 1. In part 2, the Monty Hall problem is analyzed digitally. To ensure the generality of the digital approach and demonstrate its reliability and productivity, the Monty Hall problem is extended and generalized in parts 3 and 4 to related cases in light of the axioms of probability theory. In the full mapping of the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem and any extensions thereof, a digital or non-quantitative skeleton is fleshed out by a quantitative component. The pertinent mathematical equations are developed and presented and illustrated by means of examples.

Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does

In Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154, the mathematical structure of the much discussed problem of probability known as the Monty Hall problem was mapped in detail. It is styled here as Monty Hall 1.0. The proposed analysis was then generalized to related cases involving any number of doors (d), cars (c), and opened doors (o) (Monty Hall 2.0) and 1 specific case involving more than 1 picked door (p) (Monty Hall 3.0). In cognitive terms, this analysis was interpreted in function of the presumed digital nature of rational thought and language. In the present paper, Monty Hall 1.0 and 2.0 are briefly reviewed (§§2-3). Additional generalizations of the problem are then presented in §§4-7. They concern expansions of the problem to the following items: (1) to any number of picked doors, with p denoting the number of doors initially picked and q the number of doors picked when switching doors after doors have been opened to reveal goats (Monty Hall 3.0;see §4);(3) to the precise conditions under which one’s chances increase or decrease in instances of Monty Hall 3.0 (Monty Hall 3.2;see §6);and (4) to any number of switches of doors (s) (Monty Hall 4.0;see §7). The afore-mentioned article in APM, Vol. 1, No. 4 may serve as a useful introduction to the analysis of the higher variations of the Monty Hall problem offered in the present article. The body of the article is by Leo Depuydt. An appendix by Richard D. Gill (see §8) provides additional context by building a bridge to modern probability theory in its conventional notation and by pointing to the benefits of certain interesting and relevant tools of computation now available on the Internet. The cognitive component of the earlier investigation is extended in §9 by reflections on the foundations of mathematics. It will be proposed, in the footsteps of George Boole, that the phenomenon of mathematics needs to be defined in empirical terms as something that happens to the brain or something that the brain does. It is generally assumed that mathematics is a property of nature or reality or whatever one may call it. There is not the slightest intention in this paper to falsify this assumption because it cannot be falsified, just as it cannot be empirically or positively proven. But there is no way that this assumption can be a factual observation. It can be no more than an altogether reasonable, yet fully secondary, inference derived mainly from the fact that mathematics appears to work, even if some may deem the fact of this match to constitute proof. On the deepest empirical level, mathematics can only be directly observed and therefore directly analyzed as an activity of the brain. The study of mathematics therefore becomes an essential part of the study of cognition and human intelligence. The reflections on mathematics as a phenomenon offered in the present article will serve as a prelude to planned articles on how to redefine the foundations of probability as one type of mathematics in cognitive fashion and on how exactly Boole’s theory of probability subsumes, supersedes, and completes classical probability theory. §§2-7 combined, on the one hand, and §9, on the other hand, are both self-sufficient units and can be read independently from one another. The ultimate design of the larger project of which this paper is part remains the increase of digitalization of the analysis of rational thought and language, that is, of (rational, not emotional) human intelligence. To reach out to other disciplines, an effort is made to describe the mathematics more explicitly than is usual.

Basic Contrast of English, Chinese and the Shui language Sentences

This paper is to explore the similar and different syntactic linear patterns and thought modals among English, Chinese and the Shui language, discussing this topic from microscopic, giving a much detailed contrast and comparison on microscopic English, Chinese and the Shui language syntactic.

Text-Driven Chinese Sign Language Synthesis

Sign language is visual-gestural language mainly used by healing-impaired people to communicate with each other. Gesture and facial expression ale important grammar parts of sign language. In this paper, a graphics method is taken to synthesize Chinese Sign Language, and a practical system is implemented. The input of the system is text. The output of the system is "graphics person" who can gesticulate sign language accompanied by facial expression that corresponds to text entered so as to realize automatic translation from text to sign language. It’s a meaningful exploration to computer multimedia data expression and fusion. It can play an important role in education of healingimpaired people and sign language interpretation.

On the Importance of Bodily Gestures,Facial Expressions,and Intonations to Thinking Expression and Interpretation

Bodily gestures,facial expressions,and intonations are argued to be notably important features of spoken languagewhich are opposed to written language.Bodily gestures with or without spoken words can influence the clarity and density of expres-sion and involvement of listeners.Facial expressions whether or not correspond with exact thought could be"decoded"to influencethe extent of intelligibility of expression.Intonation can always reflect the mutual beliefs concerning the propositional content andstates of consciousness relating to the expression and interpretation.Therefore,these can considerably improve or abate the accura-cy of expression and interpretation of thought.

Linguistic Reflection on the Online Catchword of Appreciation —From the Perspective of Usage-based Language Model and Complex Adaptive System Theory

Language is a special social phenomenon and is always on the changing process with the development of society. During the evolving process of language, new language varieties will continuously emerge due to the changes of some social and cultural factors. Cyber language is universally accepted as one type of the social language varieties. Basically, cyber language can be treated as a complex adaptive system which is influenced by the interaction between users’ cognition, social culture and the surrounding environments. Thus it is safe to say that cyber language is always undergoing a dynamic evolving process. With the usage-based language model as the theoretical foundation, this paper proposes a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) approach to analyze the expression of Appreciation to explore the complex, dynamic and nonlinear development of cyber language from the angle of meaning construction, grammaticalization and functional adaption respectively. It is found that the expression of Appreciation is experiencing adaptively a semantic connotations development and a process of grammatical functions expansion as well. This paper suggests that the emergence and development of cyber language is a novel and trendy social language phenomenon. Network language can achieve its process and evolution under the huge impact of social changes and social promotions. When faced with the changing surroundings, cyber language itself enjoys a timely adaption and responsive development to keep up with the new environments, which reflects the basic principle of language development, namely, language changes with the development of society.

Embodied Simulation and a Few Remarks on the Philosophy of Language in Italy

The debate on the state of the art of philosophy in Italy shows many differences from the three main currents of contemporary philosophy, namely deconstructionism, critical theory, and analytic philosophy. On one hand, the philosophical stance towards language, and on the other hand, the strong separation between science and philosophy are the distinctive features of the Italian thought. In particular, philosophy of language shows a fragmented framework in which current researches are an example for future studies on language and human nature. The basic idea behind the Philosophy of Language in Italy is that language has a biological and social nature. The aim of this paper is to give an account of the range of ＂bio＂ through a dialogue between philosophy and neuroscience. I will review the Italian research on mirror neurons with particular attention to the developments in embodied simulation proposed by Vittorio Gallese. I will underline the philosophical aspects of this neuroscientific theory, providing some remarks on intersubjectivity, intentions, and language. Finally, I will suggest future joint studies in neuroscience and the philosophy of language.