A Study on Left-behind Children's Communicative Willingness and Language Ability under the Influence of Internet Addiction--A Case Study of Zhejiang Province

This research studies the language communication barrier of left-behind children under the influence of Internet addiction.Leftbehind children aged 8-13 in primary school were taken as the research object.A total of 320 left-behind children from 10 primary schools in 5 regions of Zhejiang Province were selected as the research objects.In addition,30 primary school language teachers in Zhejiang Province were interviewed to explore the communicative willingness and language expression of left-behind children under the influence of"Internet addiction,"analyze the obstacle factors affecting the language communicative ability,and put forward corresponding opinions and suggestions.

An Exploration of the Influence of Willingness to Communicate on Second Language Communication

This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin in a Chinese university whose native languages were totally different. Multiple sources of data were collected, including classroom observations, semistructured interviews and stimulated recalls. The results indicate that the students with higher level of WTC were more fluent in L2 Chinese communication, and the student whose native language or second language is Russian performed better in Chinese communication.

Language of plants: Where is the word?

Plants emit biogenic volatile organic compounds（BVOCs） causing transcriptomic, metabolomic and behavioral responses in receiver organisms. Volatiles involved in such responses are often called ＂plant language＂. Arthropods having sensitive chemoreceptors can recognize language released by plants. Insect herbivores, pollinators and natural enemies respond to composition of volatiles from plants with specialized receptors responding to different types of compounds. In contrast, the mechanism of how plants＂hear＂ volatiles has remained obscured. In a plant-plant communication, several individually emitted compounds are known to prime defense response in receiver plants with a specific manner according to the chemical structure of each volatile compound. Further, composition and ratio of volatile compounds in the plant-released plume is important in plantinsect and plant-plant interactions mediated by plant volatiles. Studies on volatile-mediated plant-plant signaling indicate that the signaling distances are rather short, usually not longer than one meter. Volatile communication from plants to insects such as pollinators could be across distances of hundreds of meters. As many of the herbivore induced VOCs have rather short atmospheric life times, we suggest that in long-distant communications with plant volatiles,reaction products in the original emitted compounds may have additional information value of the distance to emission source together with the original plant-emitted compounds.

Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication

(满分120分;时间80分钟)第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

A Study of Applications of Multiagent System Specifications and the Key Techniques in Automatic Abstracts System

Abstract In this thesis, multiagent system specifications, multiagent system architectures, agent communication languages and agent communication protocols, automatic abstracting based on multiagent technologies are studied. Some concerned problems of designs and realization of automatic abstracting systems based on multiagent technologies are studied, too. Chapter 1 shows the significance and objectives of the thesis, its main contents are summarized, and innovations of the thesis are showed. Some basic concepts of agents and multiagent systems are studied in Chapter 2. The definitions of agents and multiagent systems are given, and the theory, technologies and applications of multiagent systems are summarized. Furthermore, some important studying trends of multiagent systems are set forward. Multiagent system specifications are studied in Chapter 3. MAS/KIB—a multiagent system specification is built using mental states such as K (Know), B (Belief), and I (Intention), its grammar and semanteme are discussed, axioms and inference rules are given, and some properties are researched. We also compare MAS/KIB with other existing specifications. MAS/KIB has the following characteristics: (1) each agent has its own world outlook; (2) no global data in the system; (3) processes of state changes are used as indexes to systems; (4) it has the characteristics of not only time series logic but also dynamic logic; and (5) interactive actions are included. The architectures of multiagent systems are studied in Chapter 4. First, we review some typical architecture of multiagent systems, agent network architecture, agent federated architecture, agent blackboard architecture, and Foundation of Intelligent Physical Agent(FIPA) architecture. For the first time, we set forward and study the layering and partitioning models of the architectures of multiagent systems, organizing architecture models, and interoperability architecture model of multiagent systems. Chapter 5 studies agent communication languages. We study FIPA Agent Communication Language(ACL) message grammar, Communicative Act(CA) types, ACL semantics and Agent Communication Protocols. The string grammar of ACL messages and SL grammar represented by EBNF are given, and a new ACL semantic model is set forward. We study automatic abstracting based on multiagent technologies in Chapter 6. For the first time, the idea of constructing automatic abstracting systems based on multiagent technologies is set forward, and the necessity and feasibility of constructing such systems are set forth. The architecture of automatic abstracting systems based on multiagent technologies is provided, and the basic elements and mutual relations are studied. We set forth the working principle of the automatic abstracting systems based on multiagent technologies and how the contradiction of domain currency and abstract quality of automatic abstracting systems is resolved. Studies, simulation analysis and design of the automatic abstracting experimental system based on multiagent technologies(ABES/MAT) are made in Chapter 7. We study the architecture of ABES/MAT, and set forth its basic elements and mutual relations. The user model and mathematics descriptions of ABES/MAT in the Internet environment are provided. Three coordination algorithms that synthetically use environment information, system information and history information are set forward. Then, we analyze the performance of ABES/MAT based on the simulations, and get suitable number fo abstracting agents for each domain in a given load. Finally, we compare the three coordination algorithms. The realization of ABES/MAT is introduced in Chapter 8. Firstly, we study the problem of the agentification of legacy systems, and show how to realize the agentification of glanc, ladies and news. Then, the architectures and functions of Coordination Management Agent(CMA) and Information Agent(IA) are set forth. The agent naming grammar represented by EBNF is given., In the following, we explain the designed agent communicative acts and management