Differences in the structure and semantics of knowledge that is created and maintained by the various actors on the World Wide Web make its exchange and utilization a problematic task. This is an important issue facin...Differences in the structure and semantics of knowledge that is created and maintained by the various actors on the World Wide Web make its exchange and utilization a problematic task. This is an important issue facing organizations undertaking knowledge management initiatives. An XML-based and ontology-supported knowledge description language (KDL) is presented, which has three-tier structure (core KDL, extended KDL and complex KDL), and takes advantages of strong point of ontology, XML, description logics, frame-based systems. And then, the framework and XML based syntax of KDL are introduced, and the methods of translating KDL into first order logic (FOL) are presented. At last, the implementation of KDL on the Web is described, and the reasoning ability of KDL proved by experiment is illustrated in detail.展开更多
In China education is carrying on a new reform.In this essay, the author talks about the situation of language teaching and what a language teacher should know and what to teach to cope with the situation.
This paper put forward the concept of cognitive environment of translation based on the concept of cognitive context and proposed world knowledge,language knowledge and translation knowledge as its three constituents....This paper put forward the concept of cognitive environment of translation based on the concept of cognitive context and proposed world knowledge,language knowledge and translation knowledge as its three constituents.World knowledge can also be referred to as encyclopedic knowledge,including all the knowledge acquired about diverse aspects of internal and external life through direct and indirect experience.Language knowledge refers to all the knowledge about the phonetics,phonology,lexicology,syntax,pragmatics,stylistics,etc.of the two languages involved and the comparative and contrastive features between the two languages.Translation knowledge concerns all the knowledge about the strategies and techniques for translation in general and specific solutions applicable for the translation between the two languages in question.The three types of knowledge get involved at different stages of translation:world knowledge and language knowledge about the source text facilitate accurate understanding of the source text,knowledge about the target language and knowledge about the comparative and contrastive features between the source and the target language,in combination with translation knowledge help with the translation process.All the knowledge can be activated more than once in case any uncertainty occurred at understanding or translation stages.As regards English-Chinese translation,translators are expected to use Chinese words,syntactic and textual structures most acceptable to the Chinese readers to replace the original English text,rendering them as close as possible in content,style and receptor effect.Efforts must be made to cater to the Chinese conventions of language use.Three major suggestions,among others,can be summarized in the paper.The first one is to use suitable words or expressions to match the Chinese ways of expression in various cases.The second one is to break the chains off the long and sophisticated English sentences,using shorter Chinese ones with a subject or theme,converting the nouns in English back to the verb or adjective they are derived from,etc.The third is to re-organize the textual structure of the target text according to the temporal,spatial and logical ways of expression in Chinese.展开更多
This article reports on a diary study that revealed beliefs and knowledge second language learn-ers had about their listening.From an analysis of the diaries of 35 ESL learners,it was found that manyof them had clear ...This article reports on a diary study that revealed beliefs and knowledge second language learn-ers had about their listening.From an analysis of the diaries of 35 ESL learners,it was found that manyof them had clear ideas about three aspects of listening:their own role,the demands and strategies forlistening.The article discusses the implications of these findings for the teaching and learning of listeningin ELT programmes and calls for more discussion to increase learners’ metacognitive awareness in listen-ing.展开更多
Tsinghua Science and Technology started publication in 1996.It is an international bimonthly academic journal sponsored by Tsinghua University,and aims at presenting state-of-the-art scientific achievements in compute...Tsinghua Science and Technology started publication in 1996.It is an international bimonthly academic journal sponsored by Tsinghua University,and aims at presenting state-of-the-art scientific achievements in computer science and other IT fields.It enters into IEEE Xplore Digital Library from 2012,and adopts the open access mode in 2013.In 2015,Tsinghua Science and Technology is indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded.展开更多
文摘Differences in the structure and semantics of knowledge that is created and maintained by the various actors on the World Wide Web make its exchange and utilization a problematic task. This is an important issue facing organizations undertaking knowledge management initiatives. An XML-based and ontology-supported knowledge description language (KDL) is presented, which has three-tier structure (core KDL, extended KDL and complex KDL), and takes advantages of strong point of ontology, XML, description logics, frame-based systems. And then, the framework and XML based syntax of KDL are introduced, and the methods of translating KDL into first order logic (FOL) are presented. At last, the implementation of KDL on the Web is described, and the reasoning ability of KDL proved by experiment is illustrated in detail.
文摘In China education is carrying on a new reform.In this essay, the author talks about the situation of language teaching and what a language teacher should know and what to teach to cope with the situation.
文摘This paper put forward the concept of cognitive environment of translation based on the concept of cognitive context and proposed world knowledge,language knowledge and translation knowledge as its three constituents.World knowledge can also be referred to as encyclopedic knowledge,including all the knowledge acquired about diverse aspects of internal and external life through direct and indirect experience.Language knowledge refers to all the knowledge about the phonetics,phonology,lexicology,syntax,pragmatics,stylistics,etc.of the two languages involved and the comparative and contrastive features between the two languages.Translation knowledge concerns all the knowledge about the strategies and techniques for translation in general and specific solutions applicable for the translation between the two languages in question.The three types of knowledge get involved at different stages of translation:world knowledge and language knowledge about the source text facilitate accurate understanding of the source text,knowledge about the target language and knowledge about the comparative and contrastive features between the source and the target language,in combination with translation knowledge help with the translation process.All the knowledge can be activated more than once in case any uncertainty occurred at understanding or translation stages.As regards English-Chinese translation,translators are expected to use Chinese words,syntactic and textual structures most acceptable to the Chinese readers to replace the original English text,rendering them as close as possible in content,style and receptor effect.Efforts must be made to cater to the Chinese conventions of language use.Three major suggestions,among others,can be summarized in the paper.The first one is to use suitable words or expressions to match the Chinese ways of expression in various cases.The second one is to break the chains off the long and sophisticated English sentences,using shorter Chinese ones with a subject or theme,converting the nouns in English back to the verb or adjective they are derived from,etc.The third is to re-organize the textual structure of the target text according to the temporal,spatial and logical ways of expression in Chinese.
文摘This article reports on a diary study that revealed beliefs and knowledge second language learn-ers had about their listening.From an analysis of the diaries of 35 ESL learners,it was found that manyof them had clear ideas about three aspects of listening:their own role,the demands and strategies forlistening.The article discusses the implications of these findings for the teaching and learning of listeningin ELT programmes and calls for more discussion to increase learners’ metacognitive awareness in listen-ing.
文摘Tsinghua Science and Technology started publication in 1996.It is an international bimonthly academic journal sponsored by Tsinghua University,and aims at presenting state-of-the-art scientific achievements in computer science and other IT fields.It enters into IEEE Xplore Digital Library from 2012,and adopts the open access mode in 2013.In 2015,Tsinghua Science and Technology is indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded.
